Archimède Explained

Archimède should not be confused with Archimedes (disambiguation).

The bathyscaphe Archimède is a deep diving research submersible of the French Navy. It used 42000gal of hexane as the gasoline buoyancy of its float.[1] It was designed by Pierre Willm and Georges Houot.[2] In 1964, Archimède descended into "what was then thought to be the deepest part of the Puerto Rico Trench",[3] which the NY Times reported as 27500feet.[4]

Archimède was christened on 27 July 1961, at the French Navy base of Toulon. It was designed to go beyond 30000feet,[5] and displaced 61 tons.[6] In October 1961, Archimède passed its first dive tests, diving to 5000feet unmanned.[7] On 27 November 1961, Archimède achieved a speed of 3kn, over a distance of 4.5miles at a depth of 7870feet in the Mediterranean Sea.[8]

On 23 May 1962, Archimède descended to 15744feet off Honshu, Japan, in the Pacific, at the Japan Deep.[9] On 15 July 1962, Archimède descended to 31350feet into the Kurile-Kamchatcha Trench, making it the second deepest dive ever, at that point in time, second only to the dive on the Challenger Deep.[10] On 12 August 1962, Archimède descended to 30511feet in the Japan Deep south of Tokyo.[11]

Archimède explored the Mid-Atlantic Ridge jointly with the submarine Cyana and submersible, in Project FAMOUS (French-American Mid-Ocean Undersea Study) in 1974.[12] [13] [14] [15]

Archimède operated until the 1970s.[16] It was placed on reserve in 1975, and decommissioned in 1978.[17]

Since 2001, Archimède is on display[18] at the Cité de la Mer museum in Cherbourg.

Archimède was honoured with a stamp in Palau.[19]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Popular Science . Jeeps in the Deep . Wallace . Cloud . August 1964 . 11 September 2010.
  2. Book: Collins . Exploring the Deep . Andrei . Aksyonov . Aleksandr Alekseevich . Chernov . amp . 1979 . 118.
  3. News: StokstadDec. 19 . Erik . 'Five Deeps' mission to explore mysterious ocean trenches . 9 June 2019 . Science Magazine . American Association for the Advancement of Science . 19 December 2018 . en.
  4. News: DEEPEST ATLANTIC TEEMING WITH LIFE; Scientists in the Bathyscaph Surprised by Terracing in Puerto Rico Trench . 9 June 2019 . The New York Times . 21 August 1964.
  5. News: Dayton Beach Morning Journal . French Bathyscaphe . Associated Press . 29 July 1961.
  6. News: The New York Times . New French Bathyscaphe to Seek Record Ocean Deep . 29 July 1961.
  7. News: The New York Times . French Bathyscaphe Tested . 30 October 1961.
  8. News: Milwaukee Sentinel . Bathyscaphe Hits 3 Knots . Associated Press . 28 November 1961 . 2.
  9. News: Baltimore Sun . French Bathyscaphe Dives To 15,744 Feet . 24 May 1962 . A2.
  10. News: Dayton Beach Morning Journal . Reports Intensive Life Down At 31,350 Level Of Ocean . Associated Press . 16 July 1962 . 3.
  11. News: The New York Times . Bathyscaphe Archimede Descends 30511 Feet . Associated Press . 13 August 1962.
  12. Book: Paine, Lincoln P. . Mariner Books . Ships of Discovery and Exploration . 2000 . 7.
  13. News: The New York Times . 3 Craft to Dive Deep in Mid-Atlantic Valley . Walter . Sullivan . 21 May 1975.
  14. Web site: New Scientist . A cry 'Eureka!' From the Mid-Atlantic Ridge . 7 June 1973 . 58 . 849 . 11 September 2010.
  15. Encyclopedia: Encyclopaedia Universalis . F.A.M.O.U.S. (French American Mid Ocean Underwater Survey) . 2010 . fr.
  16. Book: University of Washington Press . Oceanographic History: The Pacific and Beyond . Keith R. . Benson . Phillip F. . Rehbock . amp . 1993 . 2002 . 388.
  17. Web site: Bathyscaphe Archimède. netmarine.net . 11 September 2020.
  18. Web site: L'Archimède: Quelques dates . ifremer.fr . 11 September 2020.
  19. Web site: Maritime Topics On Stamps : Research Submersibles . seemotive.de . 11 September 2010.

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