Bastam Citadel Explained

Bastam (Persian: بسطام) is the site of an ancient Urartian citadel from ca. the 7th century BC, located near the village of Bastam in modern northwestern Iran.

Sources

• Kleiss, Wolfram (1977). Bastam/Rusa-i-Uru.Tur: Beschreibung der urartäischen und mittelalterlichen Ruinen. Berlin: Reimer.
• Kleiss, Wolfram (1979–1988). Bastam. Ausgrabungen in den Urartäischen Anlagen. 2 volumes. Berlin: Mann, (volume 1), (volume 2).
• Encyclopedia: BESṬĀM (2) . Kleiss . Wolfram . http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bestam-2 . Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 2 . 175–177 . 1989 .
• Encyclopedia: URARTU IN IRAN . Kleiss . Wolfram . http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/urartu-in-iran . Encyclopaedia Iranica . 2008 .

External links

• https://web.archive.org/web/20080115111215/http://www.vaa.fak12.uni-muenchen.de/Iran/Bastam/Bastam.htm

38.8833°N 101°W