Basque exonyms explained
The following is a list of Basque exonyms, that is to say Basque-language names for places that do not speak Basque.
Austria
|
|---|
| English name | Basque name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|
| Name | Language |
|---|
| Salzburg | Salzburgo | Salzburg | | |
| Vienna | Viena | Wien | | | |
Belgium
| Belgika |
|---|
| English name | Basque name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|
| Name | Language |
|---|
| Antwerp | Anberes | | | |
| Bruges | Brujas | | | |
| Brussels | Brusela | | | |
| Liège | Lieja | | | | |
Cyprus
| Zipre |
|---|
| English name | Basque name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|
| Name | Language |
|---|
| Nicosia | Nikosia | Lefkoşa | | |
| Lefkosía | | | |
Egypt
| Egipto |
|---|
| English name | Basque name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|
| Name | Language |
|---|
| Alexandria | Alexandria | Al-Iskandariyya | | |
| Cairo | Kairo | Qāhirah | | |
| Suez | Suez | Suways | | |
| Luxor | Luxor | Al-Uqṣur | | | |
France
| Frantzia |
|---|
| English name | Basque name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|
| Name | Language |
|---|
| Abitain | Abitaine | | | |
| Ajaccio | Aiacciu | | | |
| Aire-sur-l'Adour | Atura | | | |
| Alsace | Alsazia | | | |
| Ance | Arhantze | | | |
| Anglet | Angel(o)u | | | |
| Angous | Angastue | | | |
| Aramits | Aramitze | | | |
| Arcachon | Arkaizo | | | |
| Arette | Ereta | | | |
| Angoulême | Angulema | | | |
| Argelès-Gazost | Argelez | | | |
| Arrive | Arriba | | | |
| Auch | Auski, Autxo, Hiriberri-Autxoa | | | |
| Autevielle | Autile | | | |
| Bagnères-de-Bigorre | Uronaga | | | |
| Baretous | Baretos | | | |
| Barlanes | Sarraltzune | | | |
| Biscarrosse | Bizkarrotze | | | |
| Bordeaux | Bordele, Burdigala | | | |
| Bourgogne | Borgoina, Burgundia | | | |
| Carcassonne | Carcasona | | | |
| Castetnau-Camblong | Gazteluberri Bearno | | | |
| Charre | Xarra | | | |
| Condom | Gondona | | | |
| Dax | Akize | | | |
| Dordogne | Dordoina | | | |
| Escos | Ezkoze | | | |
| Espiute | Azpilda | | | |
| Esquiule | Eskiula | | | |
| Eysus | Isuazi | | | |
| Féas | Inhasi | | | |
| Foix | Fox | | | |
| Géronce | Jeruntze | | | |
| Geüs (d'Oloron) | Ustasu | | | |
| Guinarthe | Ginarte | | | |
| Haute-Garonne | Garona Garaia | | | |
| Hautes-Pyrénées | Pirinio Garaiak | | | |
| Le Havre | Habre Grazia | | | |
| Hastingues | Hastinga | | | |
| Hossegor | Ozagorri | | | |
| Issor | Izorra | | | |
| Labastide-Villefranche | Bastidaxarre | | | |
| Labrit | Albret | | | |
| Langon | Langoe | | | |
| Lanne-en-Barétous | Landa | | | |
| La Rochelle | Arroxela, Erroxela | | | |
| Lembeye | Inbidia | | | |
| Lescar | Leskarre | | | |
| Lescun | Laskun | | | |
| Libourne | Liburna | | | |
| Lichos | Lixoze | | | |
| Lourdes | Lorda, Lourda, Lurda | | | |
| Lyon | Lione | | | |
| Marseille | Marseilla, Marsella, Marzella | | | |
| Meritein | Meritiñe | | | |
| Mirande | Miranda-Autxoa | | | |
| Mont-de-Marsan | Mendi Marzana | | | |
| Monein | Muneiñe | | | |
| Muret | Murueta | | | |
| Nabas | Nabarzi | | | |
| Navarrenx | Nabarrengose, Nabarrenkoze | | | |
| Nérac | Nerako | | | |
| Nice | Niza | | | |
| Oloron-Sainte-Marie | Oloroe-Donamaria, Olorue, Auloroa | | | |
| Orthez | Ortheze, Ort(h)ese | | | |
| Pamiers | Paniertza | | | |
| Paris | Parise | | | |
| Pau | Paue / Pabe | | | |
| Perpignan | Perpinyà | | | |
| Peyrehorade | Peirorade, Peirahorada | | | |
| Préchacq-Josbaigt | Josibaia | | | |
| Rouen | Erruan | | | |
| Saint-Gaudens | Done Gaudentzi | | | |
| Saint-Girons | Done Girontze, Dongiruntze | | | |
| Saint-Goin | Sangoine | | | |
| Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon | Saint-Pierre eta Mikelune | | | |
| Saint-Martin-de-Hinx | Donamartiri-Ihintz(a) | | | |
| Saint-Vincent-de-Tyrosse | San Bisentse | | | |
| Salies-de-Béarn | Biarnoko Salis, Saliese | | | |
| Sauveterre-de-Béarn | Salbaterra Bearno | | | |
| Strasbourg | Estrasburgo | | | |
| Sus | Xütxe | | | |
| Tarbes | Aturbe, Tarbe | | | |
| Tarnos | Tarnose | | | |
| Tartas | Tarusa | | | |
| Toulouse | Tolosa | | | | |
Germany
| (Alemania) |
|---|
| English name | Basque name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|
| Name | Language |
|---|
| Cologne | Kolonia | Kölle | | |
| Köln | | |
| Konstanz | Konstantza | Konstanz | | |
| Hamburg | Hanburgo | | | | |
Greece
| Grezia |
|---|
| English name | Basque name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|
| Name | Language |
|---|
| Achaea | Akaia | | Greek | |
| Athens | Atenas | Athína | Greek | |
| Sparta | Esparta | | Greek | |
| Thessaloniki | Tesalonika | | Greek | | |
India
|
|---|
| English name | Basque name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|
| Name | Language |
|---|
| Delhi | Delhi | Dilli | | |
| Kolkata | Kalkuta | Kolkata | | | |
Iran
|
|---|
| English name | Basque name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|
| Name | Language |
|---|
| Esfahan | Ispahan | | | |
| Ghom | Qom | | | |
| Tehran | Teheran | | | | |
Iraq
| Irak |
|---|
| English name | Basque name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|
| Name | Language |
|---|
| Basra | Basora | Basrah | | |
| Besra | | | |
Israel
|
|---|
| English name | Basque name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|
| Name | Language |
|---|
| Jerusalem | Jerusalem | Yerushalayim | | |
| Nazareth | Nazaret | Natzrat | | |
| Tiberias | Tiberiades | Tverya | | | |
Italy
| Italia |
|---|
| English name | Basque name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|
| Name | Language |
|---|
| Bologna | Bolonia | | | |
| Florence | Florentzia | Firenze | | |
| Genoa | Genoa | Genova | | |
| Milan | Milan | Milan | | |
| Milano | | |
| Rome | Erroma | Roma | | |
| Turin | Turin | Torino | | |
| Turin | | | |
Libya
| Libia |
|---|
| English name | Basque name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|
| Name | Language |
|---|
| Benghazi | Benghazi | Binġāzī | | |
| Tripoli | Tripoli | Ţarābulus | | | |
Morocco
| Maroko |
|---|
| English name | Basque name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|
| Name | Language |
|---|
| Marrakech | Marrakex | Murrākuš | | |
| Tangier | Tanger | Ṭanja | | | |
Netherlands
| Herbehereak |
|---|
| English name | Basque name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|
| Name | Language |
|---|
| The Hague | Haga | Den Haag | | |
| Nijmegen | Nimega | Nijmegen | | | |
Palestine
| Palestina |
|---|
| English name | Basque name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|
| Name | Language |
|---|
| Gaza | Ghaza | Gazza | | |
| Jerusalem | Jerusalem | Al-Quds | | | |
Poland
| Polonia |
|---|
| English name | Basque name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|
| Name | Language |
|---|
| Kraków | Krakovia | Kraków | | |
| Warsaw | Varsovia | Warszawa | | | |
Russia
| Errusia |
|---|
| English name | Basque name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|
| Name | Language |
|---|
| Aleutian Islands | Aleutiarrak | Tanam Unangaa | Aleut | |
| Moscow | Mosku | Moskva | Russian | |
| Saint Petersburg | San Petersburgo | Sankt Peterburg | Russian | | |
Saudi Arabia
|
|---|
| English name | Basque name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|
| Name | Language |
|---|
| Medina | Medina | Madīna | Arabic | |
| Mecca | Meka | Makkah | | |
| Riyadh | Riad | Riyāḍ | | | |
Spain
| Espainia |
|---|
| English name | Basque name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|
| Name | Language |
|---|
| Aragón | Aragoi | | | |
| Ansó | Berari | | | |
| Alagón | Alaun | | | |
| Barcelona | Bartzelona | | | |
| Biniés | Bintze | | | |
| Burgos | Barduria | | | |
| Cádiz | Karize, Kadiz | | | |
| Calahorra | Kalagorri(a) | | | |
| Cantabria | Kantabria | | | |
| Casalarreina | Nafarruri, Nafaurri, Nahaurri | | | |
| Castile | Gaztela | | | |
| Castro-Urdiales | (Kastro-)Urdial(a)itz | | | |
| Ceuta | Zeuta | | | |
| Cihuri | Zihuri, Zufiuri, Zufihuri | | | |
| Córdoba | Kordoba | | | |
| Ejea de los Caballeros | (Setia-)E(t)xea | | | |
| Ezcaray | Ezkarai | | | Several toponyms in the area have Basque origin due to the settlement of Basques after the Reconquista. |
| Gijon | Kixoi | | | |
| Huesca | Oska / Uheska | | | |
| Jaca | Jaka / Iakha | | | |
| La Jacetania | Jazetania | | | |
| Logroño | Loroño, Lugruñu, Logruño, Lugruñun | | | |
| Madrid | Madril | | | |
| Murcia | Murtzia | | | |
| Nájera | Naiara | | | |
| Palencia | Palentzia | | | |
| Reinosa | Larrainotza | | | |
| Ribagorza | Ribagortza | | | |
| Ruesta | Arrosta | | | |
| Salvatierra de Esca | Salbaterra Ezka | | | |
| San Millan de la Cogolla | Donemiliaga Kukula, Kukullako Donemiliaga | | | |
| Santander | Sanandere, Donandere | | | |
| Santiago de Compostela | Compostelako Donejakue | | | |
| Santo Domingo de la Calzada | Ozkabarte, Galtzada | | | The Basque Language Academy does not recommend Basque: Ozkabarte. |
| Santoña | Zandoina | | | |
| Sevilla | Sibilia, Sibirija, Sibirije | | | |
| Sigüés | Zigoze, Sigoze | | | |
| Sos del Rey Católico | Sause | | | |
| Tarazona | Aturiazu | | | |
| Tauste | Deustia | | | |
| Undués de Lerda | Undoze Lerda | | | |
| Undués Pintano | Undoze Pintano | | | |
| Urdués | Urdoze | | | |
| Valencia | Valentzia | | | |
| Valle de Losa | Lausa Harana | | | |
| Villaescusa la Sombria | Birobezkano | | | |
| Zaragoza | Zarautza, Zalduba | | | | |
Switzerland
| Suitza |
|---|
| English name | Basque name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|
| Name | Language |
|---|
| Basel | Basilea | Basel | | |
| Bern | Berna | Bern | | |
| Geneva | Geneva | Genève | | |
| Lucerne | Luzerna | Luzern | | | |
Ukraine
| Ukraina |
|---|
| English name | Basque name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|
| Name | Language |
|---|
| Chernobyl | Txernobyl | Chornobil' | | |
| Kyiv | Kiev | Kyiv | | |
| Sevastopol | Sebastopol | Sevastopol | | | |
United Arab Emirates
| Arabiar Emirreri Batuak |
|---|
| English name | Basque name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|
| Name | Language |
|---|
| Šāriqah | Sharjah | | | |
| Umm Al-Quwayyn | Umm Al-Qaiwain | | | | |
United Kingdom
| Erresuma Batuak |
|---|
| English name | Basque name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|
| Name | Language |
|---|
| Anguilla | Aingira | | | |
| London | Londres | London | English | | |
United States
| Ameriketako Estatu Batuak |
|---|
| English name | Basque name | Endonym | Notes |
|---|
| Name | Language |
|---|
| Aleutian Islands | Aleutiarrak | Tanam Unangaa | Aleut | |
| San Francisco | San Frantzisko | San Francisco | English | |
| Nevada | Elurterri | Nevada | English | |
| New York | York Berri | New York | English | |
| Sacramento | Sakramentu | Sacramento | English | |
| Chicago | Txikagoa | Chicago | English | |
| Portland | Portueta | Portland | English | |
| Jacksonville | Jakuenerri | Jacksonville | English | |
| Anaheim | Anaintza | Anaheim | English | | |
References
See also
