Territorial waters of Indonesia explained

The territorial waters of Indonesia are defined according to the principles set out in Article 46 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Their boundary consists of straight lines ("baselines") linking 195 coordinate points located at the outer edge of the archipelago ("basepoints").[1]

Baselines legislation

The current baselines were established by Government Regulation 38 of 2002[2] which defined by 183 coordinate points as basepoints. The baselines were modified by Government Regulation No 37 of 2008[3] which changed as well as added basepoints to take into account the International Court of Justice decision on the sovereignty of Sipadan and Ligitan islands and the independence of East Timor. No additional points were established for the area around Sipadan and Ligitan where the baselines was redrawn, while 10 new basepoints were added for the baseline to run around East Timor. Adjustments with two additional points were also made for the southern Java coast.

History

Indonesia's first piece of legislation pertaining to baselines and territorial waters was its Act No. 4 of 1960 which was decreed on 18 February 1960. The act established the country's baselines based on the "archipelago theory" which was not recognized by international law at that time. The baselines consisted of straight lines joining 201 basepoints at the edge of the archipelago.

In 1996, Indonesia enacted Law No 6 on the Indonesian Territorial Waters using the principles embodied in the UNCLOS 1982 which Indonesia ratified in 1985. The new law revoked the baselines established by the 1960 act and enabled a new set of baselines to be drawn up through the 2002 Government Regulation.[4]

List of basepoints

South China Sea

PointLatitudeLongitudeRemarks
South China Sea
11° 14' 27" N104° 34' 32" ETanjung Berakit Bintan Island, Riau Islands province
21° 02' 52" N104° 49' 50" ESentut Island, Bintan, Riau Islands
32° 18' 00" N105° 35' 47" ETokong Malang Biru Island, Anambas, Riau Islands
42° 44' 29" N105° 22' 46" EDamar Island, Anambas, Riau Islands
53° 05' 32"N105° 35' 00" EMangkai Island, Anambas, Riau Islands
63° 19' 52" N105° 57' 04" ETokong Nanas Island, Anambas, Riau Islands
73° 27' 04" N106° 16' 08" ETokong Belayar Island, Anambas, Riau Islands
84° 04' 01" N107° 26' 09" ETokong Boro Island, Natuna, Riau Islands
94° 31' 09" N107° 43' 17" ESemiun Island, Natuna, Riau Islands
104° 42' 25" N107° 54' 20" ESebetul Island, Natuna, Riau Islands
114° 47' 38" N108° 00' 39" ESekatung Island, Natuna, Riau Islands
124° 47' 45" N108° 01' 19" ESekatung Island, Natuna, Riau Islands
134° 00' 48" N108° 25' 04" ESenua Island, Natuna, Riau Islands
143° 01' 51" N108° 54' 52" ESubi Kecil Island, Natuna,Riau Islands
152° 38' 43" N109° 10' 04" EKepala Island, Natuna, Riau Islands
162° 05' 10" N109° 38' 43" ETanjung Datu, West Kalimantan; westernmost terminus of Indonesia-Malaysia land border

Celebes Sea, Philippine Sea and the Pacific Ocean

PointLatitudeLongitudeRemarks
Celebes (Sulawesi) Sea
17♦4° 10' 10" N117° 54' 29" ESebatik Island, Nunukan Regency. East Kalimantan; Easternmost point of Indonesia-Malaysia land border
18♦4° 09' 58" N117° 55' 44" ESebatik Island, Nunukan, East Kalimantan
19♦4° 09' 34" N117° 56' 27" ESebatik Island, Nunukan, East Kalimantan
20♦4° 00' 38" N118° 04' 58" EKarang Unarang, Nunukan, East Kalimantan
21 2° 15' 12" N118° 38' 41" EMaratua Island, Berau, East Kalimantan
221° 46' 53" N119° 02' 26" ESambit Island, Berau, East Kalimantan
2300° 59' 55" N120° 12' 50" ELingian Island, Tolitoli, Central Sulawesi
241° 20' 16" N120° 47' 31" ESalando Island, Tolitoli, Central Sulawesi
251° 22' 40" N120° 53' 04" EDolangan Island, Tolitoli, Central Sulawesi
261° 22' 41" N120° 53' 07" EDolangan Island, Tolitoli, Central Sulawesi
271° 18' 48" N121° 26' 36" ETanjung Kramat,
281° 08' 17" N122° 25' 47" EKarang Boliogut,
291° 02' 52" N123° 06' 45" EBangkit Island, Bolaang Mongondow, North Sulawesi
301° 09' 29" N124° 20' 38" ELaimpangi, North Sulawesi
311° 45' 47" N124° 43' 51" EManterawu Island, Bolaang Mongondow, North Sulawesi
322° 44' 15" N125° 09' 28" EMakalehi, Sangihe, North Sulawesi
334° 14' 06" N125° 18' 59" EKawalusu, Sangihe, North Sulawesi
344° 40' 16" N125° 25' 41" EKawio Island, Sangihe, North Sulawesi
354° 44' 14" N125° 28' 42" EMarore Island, Sangihe, North Sulawesi
364° 44' 25" N125° 28' 56" EMarore Island, Sangihe, North Sulawesi
374° 44' 46" N125° 29' 24" EBatubawaikang Island, Sangihe, North Sulawesi
Philippine Sea
385° 34' 02" N126° 34' 54" EMiangas Island, Talaud Regency, North Sulawesi
395° 33' 57" N126° 35' 29" EMiangas Island, Talaud, North Sulawesi
404° 46' 18" N127° 08' 32" EMarampit Island, Talaud, North Sulawesi
414° 45' 39" N127° 08' 44" EMarampit Island, Talaud, North Sulawesi
424° 38' 38" N127° 09' 49" EIntata Island, Talaud, North Sulawesi
434° 37' 36" N127° 09' 53" EKakarutan Island, North Sulawesi
Halmahera Sea
443° 45' 13" N126° 51' 06" ETampida Island
452° 38' 44" N128° 34' 27" E Sopi Island
462° 25' 39" N128° 41' 57" ETanjung Gorua
471° 34' 44" N128° 44' 14" ETanjung Lelai
4800° 43' 39" N129° 08' 30" EJiew Island, Central Halmahera, North Maluku
Pacific Ocean
4900° 32' 08" N130° 43' 52" EBudd Island, Raja Ampat regency, West Papua province
501° 05' 20" N131° 15' 35" EFani Island, Raja Ampat, West Papua
511° 04' 28" N131° 16' 49" EFani Island, Raja Ampat, West Papua
5200° 20' 16" S 132° 09' 34" EMiossu Island, Sorong, West Papua
5300° 20' 34" S 132° 25' 20" ETanjung Yamursba, Papua
5400° 21' 42" S 132° 43' 01" ETanjung Wasio, Papua
5500° 56' 22" N134° 17' 44" EFanildo Island, Biak Numfor Regency, Papua
5600° 55' 57" 134° 20' 30" EBras Island, Biak Numfor, Papua
5700° 23' 38" S 135° 16' 27" EBepondi Island, Supiori Regency, Papua
5800° 41' 56" S 135° 51' 21" ETanjung Wasanbari
5901° 04' 13" S 136° 23' 14" ETanjung Basari
6001° 27' 23" S 137° 55' 51" ETanjung Narwaku
6101° 34' 26" S 138° 42' 57" ELiki Island, Sarmi Regency, Papua
622° 19' 12" S 140° 09' 07" ETanjung Kamdara
632° 26' 22" S 140° 36' 47" ETanjung Kelapa
642° 36' 16" S 141° 00' 00" ETanjung Oinake, Jayapura Regency, Papua; Northern terminus of the Indonesia-Papua New Guinea land border

♦ Basepoints modified by 2008 Government Regulation to take into account the International Court of Justice decision on the sovereignty of Sipadan and Ligitan Islands.

Arafura and Timor Seas

PointLatitudeLongitudeRemarks
Arafura Sea
659° 07' 40" S 141° 01' 10" ETorasi, Papua; Southern terminus of the Indonesia-Papua New Guinea land border
669° 10' 53" S 140° 59' 07" E Torasi
679° 12' 13" S 140° 57' 27" ETorasi
689° 12' 00" S 140° 56' 08" ETorasi
699° 05' 42" S 140° 50' 58" EBlatar
708° 16' 11" S 139° 26' 11" EKarang Sametinke
718° 26' 09" S 138° 54' 23" EKomoran
728° 26' 44" S 137° 39' 28" ESalah
738° 12' 49" S 137° 41' 24" EKolepon Island
747° 49' 28" S 137° 50' 50" EKorima
756° 21' 31" S 138° 23' 59" ECook
765° 58' 45" S 138° 03' 22" EGosong Triton
775° 23' 14" S 137° 43' 07" ELaag Island
784° 54' 24" S 136° 45' 35" ETanjung Pohonbatu
794° 38' 41" S 136° 07' 14" EAmarapya
805° 35' 42" S 134° 49' 05" EArarkula Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku
816° 00' 09" S 134° 54' 26" EKaraweira Barat Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku
826° 19' 26" S 134° 54' 53" EPanambulai Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku
836° 38' 50" S 134° 50' 12" EKultubai Utara Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku
846° 49' 54" S 134° 47' 14" EKultubai Selatan Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku
857° 01' 08" S 134° 41' 26" EKarang Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku
86 7° 01' 48" S 134° 40' 38" EKarang Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku
877° 06' 14" S 134° 31' 19" EEnu Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku
887° 05' 23" S 134° 28' 18" E Enu Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku
896° 57' 01" S 134° 11' 38" EBatugoyang Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku
906° 00' 25" S 132° 50' 42" ETanjung Weduar
917° 14' 26" S 131° 58' 49" ELarat Island, Tanimbar Islands, Maluku Tenggara Barat Regency, Maluku
927° 39' 49" S 131° 43' 33" EKarang Sarikilmasa
Timor Sea
938° 03' 07" S 131° 18' 02" EAsutuban Island, Tanimbar Islands, Maluku Tenggara Barat Regency, Maluku
948° 03' 57" S 131° 16' 55" EAsutuban Island, Tanimbar, Maluku Tenggara Barat Regency, Maluku
958° 10' 17" S 131° 07' 31" E Selaru Timur Island, Tanimbar Islands, Maluku Tenggara Barat Regency, Maluku
968° 18' 27" S 130° 53' 20" ESelaru Barat Island, Tanimbar, Maluku Tenggara Barat Regency, Maluku
978° 20' 30" S 130° 49' 16" EBatarkusu Island, Maluku Tenggara Barat Regency, Maluku
988° 20' 41" S 130° 48' 47" EFursey,
998° 20' 54" S 130° 45' 21" ETanjung Arousu
100 8° 13' 29" S 129° 49' 32" EMarsela Island, Babar Islands, Maluku Barat Daya Regency, Maluku
1018° 21' 09" S 128° 30' 52" EMeatimiarang Island, Maluku Barat Daya Regency, Maluku
101A♦8° 14' 20" S 127° 38' 34" E Tanjung Karang, Leti Island, Maluku Barat Daya Regency, Maluku
101B♦8° 14' 17" S 127° 38' 04" ETanjung Kesioh, Leti Island, Maluku Barat Daya Regency, Maluku
Wetar Strait
101C♦8° 06' 07" S 127° 08' 52" ETutun Yen, Kisar Island, Maluku Barat Daya Regency, Maluku
101D♦7° 58' 31" S 126° 27' 59" ETutun Eden, Wetar Island, Maluku Barat Daya Regency, Maluku
101E♦8° 03' 44" S 125° 44' 06" ELirang Island, Barat Daya Islands, Maluku Barat Daya Regency, Maluku
Ombai Strait
101F♦8° 19' 04" S 125° 08' 25" ETanjung Lisomu, Alor Island, East Nusa Tenggara Province
101G♦8° 21' 26" S 125° 03' 37" ETanjung Seromu, Alor Island
Sawu Sea
101H♦8° 23’ 58" S 124° 47’ 10" ETanjung Sibera, Alor Island
101I♦8° 57’ 26" S 124° 56’ 57" E Mota Biku, Betun Regency on Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara Province; Northern terminus of Indonesia-East Timor land border
Timor Sea
101J♦9° 27’ 37" S 125° 05’ 20" EMota Talas, Betun Regency on Timor Island; Southern terminus of Indonesia-East Timor land border
1029° 38' 09" S 124° 59' 39" ETanjung Wetoh, Timor Island
1039° 52' 58" S 124° 45' 00" ETanjung Batu Merah, Timor
10410° 07' 14" S 124° 28' 59" ETanjung Haikmeo, Timor
10510° 10' 19" S 124° 23' 44" ETanjung Tunfano, Timor
10610° 49' 47" S 123° 13' 22" ETanjung Puleh, Rote Island
10711° 00' 36" S 122° 52' 37" ENdana Island, off Rote Island

♦ Additional basepoints added in 2008 to modify baselines after the independence of East Timor.

Indian Ocean

PointLatitudeLongitudeRemarks
Indian Ocean
10711° 00' 36" S 122° 52' 37" ENdana Island, off Rote Island, East Nusa Tenggara
10810° 37' 37" S 121° 50' 15" ETanjung Merebu, Sawu Island, East Nusa Tenggara
10910° 50' 00" S 121° 16' 57" EDana Island, Sumba Timur Regency, Sumba Island, East Nusa Tenggara
11010° 49' 54" S 121° 16' 38" EDana Island, Sumba Timur Regency, Sumba
11110° 19' 02" S 120° 27' 13" ETanjung Ngunju, Sumba Timur Regency, Sumba
11210° 20' 22" S 120° 07' 02" E Mangudu Island, Sumba Timur Regency, Sumba
11310° 20' 08" S 120° 05' 56" EMangudu Island, Sumba Timur Regency, Sumba
1149° 41' 55" S 119° 03' 27" ETanjung Merapu
1159° 33' 46" S 118° 55' 29" ETanjung Karoso
1168° 53' 22" S 118° 28' 02" EToro Doro
1179° 06' 15" S 117° 03' 25" ETanjung Talonan
1189° 06' 37" S 117° 00' 46" ETanjung Talonan
1198° 55' 20" S 116° 00' 08" ESophialouisa Island
1208° 49' 11" S 115° 35' 13" E Tanjung Sedihing
1218° 51' 06" S 115° 10' 32" ETanjung Ungasan
1228° 50' 56" S 115° 06' 31" ETanjung Mebulu
1238° 47' 14" S 114° 31' 33" ETanjung Bantenan
1248° 30' 30" S 113° 17' 37" EBarung Island
1258° 24' 24" S 111° 42' 31" ESekel Island
1268° 22' 17" S 111° 30' 41" EPanehan Island
1278° 12' 03" S 110° 42' 31" ETanjung Batur
127A♦8° 06' 05"S 110° 26' 20" ETanjung Ngeres Langu
127B♦7° 46' 39" S 109° 25' 52" EBatu Tugur
1287° 47' 05" S 109° 02' 34" ENusakambangan Island
1297° 49' 17" S 108° 25' 57" ETanjung Legokjawa
1307° 49' 11" S 108° 19' 18" EManuk Island
1317° 49' 03" S 108° 17' 55" ETanjung Tawulan
1327° 44' 32" S 107° 50' 32" ETanjung Gedeh
1337° 23' 20" S 106° 24' 14" EUjung Genteng
1347° 01' 00" S 105° 31' 25" ETanjung Deli
1356° 51' 17" S 105° 15' 44" EKarang Pabayang
1366° 50' 22" S 105° 14' 20" ETanjung Guhakolak
1375° 53' 45" S 104° 26' 26" EBatukecil Island
1385° 14' 22" S 103° 54' 57" EUjung Walor
1395° 30' 50" S 102° 21' 11" ETanjung Kahoabi
1405° 31' 13" S 102° 16' 00" ETanjung Labuho
1415° 30' 30" S 102° 14' 42" E Tanjung Labuho
1425° 21' 35" S 102° 05' 04" ETanjung Kooma
1434° 01' 12" S 101° 01' 49" EMega Island
1443° 17' 48" S 100° 19' 47" ESibarubaru Island
1452° 50' 14" S 99° 59' 55" ETanjung Betumonga
1461° 51' 58" S 99° 04' 34" ESinyaunyau Island
1471° 40' 43" S 98° 52' 35" ETanjung
1481° 13' 32" S 98° 36' 07" E Tanjung Sakaladat
14900° 05' 33" S 97° 51' 14" ESimuk Island
15000° 04' 05" S 97° 50' 07" ESimuk Island
1511° 12' 47" N 97° 04' 48" EWunga Island
1521° 24' 19" N 97° 03' 38" ETanjung Toyolawa, Nias Island, North Sumatra
1532° 31' 47" N 95° 55' 05" ESimeulucut Island, Aceh Province
1542° 57' 51" N 95° 23' 34" ESalaut Besar Island, Aceh
1552° 58' 57" N 95° 23' 06" E Salaut Besar Island, Aceh
1564° 52' 33" N 95° 21' 46" ERaya Island, Aceh
1575° 16' 34" N 95° 12' 07" ERusa Island, Aceh
1585° 47' 34" N 94° 58' 21" EBenggala Island, Aceh
1596° 04' 30" N 95° 06' 45" ERondo Island, Aceh
1606° 04' 30" N 95° 07' 11" ERondo Island, Aceh

♦ Basepoints added in 2008.

Straits of Malacca

PointLatitudeLongitudeRemarks
Straits of Malacca
1606° 04' 30" N 95° 07' 11" ERondo Island, Aceh Province
1615° 53' 50" N 95° 20' 03" EUjung Le Meule, Aceh
1625° 30' 12" N 95° 53' 16" EUjung Pidie, Aceh
1635° 16' 31" N 96° 49' 57" E Ujung Peusangan, Aceh
1645° 15' 04" N97° 29' 40" ETanjung Jamboaye, Aceh
1655° 13' 01" N 97° 32' 54" EParu Buso Island, Aceh
1664° 53' 38" N 97° 54' 49" EUjung Peureula, Aceh
1674° 25' 36" N 98° 17' 15" EUjung Tamiang, Aceh
1683° 46' 38" N 99° 30' 03" EBerhala Island, North Sumatra Province
1692° 52' 10" N 100° 41' 05" EBatu Mandi Island, North Sumatra
1702° 05' 42" N 101° 42' 30" ETanjung Punah, Rupat Island, Riau Province
1711° 31' 29" N 102° 28' 13" ETanjung Parit, Bengkalis Island, Riau
1721° 06' 04" N 102° 58' 11" ETanjung Kedabu, Rangsang Island, Riau
1731° 11' 30" N 103° 21' 08" EIyu Kecil Island, Karimun Regency, Riau Islands Province
1741° 09' 59" N 103° 23' 20" EKarimun Kecil Island, Karimun, Riau Islands
Singapore Straits
1751° 09' 13" N 103° 39' 11" E Nipah Island, Batam, Riau Islands Province
1761° 09' 12" N 103° 39' 21" ENipah Island, Batam
1771° 07' 44" N 103° 41' 58" EPelampong Island, Batam
1781° 07' 27" N 103° 46' 30" EKarang Helen Mars, Batam
1791° 09' 26" N 103° 48' 50" EKarang Benteng, Batam
1801° 11' 06" N 103° 52' 57" EBatu Berhanti, Batam
1811° 12' 29" N 104° 04' 47" ENongsa Island, Batam
1821° 12' 16" N 104° 23' 37" ETanjung Sading, Bintan Island, Riau Islands Province
1831° 14' 35" N 104° 33' 22" ETanjung Berakit, Bintan
11° 14' 27" N104° 34' 32" ETanjung Berakit, Bintan

See also

Notes and References

  1. Government of Indonesia (2008): Illustrative map of the geographical coordinates of the points of the Indonesian archipelagic baselines at United Nations website. Accessed on 2019-05-31.
  2. Online version available here.
  3. Online version available online here.
  4. Paper presented at the 5th ABLOS Conference 15–17 October 2008 in Monaco.Web site: ABLOS'08 Papers/Abs . 2009-08-05 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090715003133/http://www.gmat.unsw.edu.au/ablos/ABLOS08Folder/ablos08_papers.htm . 2009-07-15 .