Barun Goyot Formation Explained

Barun Goyot Formation
Type:Geological formation
Age:Maastrichtian
~
Period:Maastrichtian
Region:Omnogov
Country: Mongolia
Coordinates:43.5°N 99.8°W
Paleocoordinates:40.5°N 89.5°W
Underlies:Nemegt Formation
Overlies:Djadokhta Formation
Prilithology:Sandstone
Thickness:ca. 110m (360feet)
Extent:Gobi Desert

The Barun Goyot Formation (also known as Baruungoyot Formation or West Goyot Formation) is a geological formation dating to the Late Cretaceous Period. It is located within and is widely represented in the Gobi Desert Basin, in the Ömnögovi Province of Mongolia.

Description

It was previously known as the Lower Nemegt Beds occurring beneath the Nemegt Formation and above the Djadokhta Formation. It has been suggested that the Djadokhta and Barun Goyot Formations are lower and upper parts, respectively, of the same lithological unit and the boundary between the two does not exist. The stratotype of the Barun Goyot Formation is the Khulsan locality, east of Nemegt. At Nemegt, only the uppermost barungoyotian beds are visible. The Red Beds of Khermeen Tsav are also considered part of the Barun Goyot Formation. It is approximately 110m (360feet) in thickness,[1] and was laid down roughly 72-71 million years ago. Given the new date for the start of the Maastrichtian (72.1 MYA) a basal Maastrichtian age seems probable. The Barun Goyot Formation preserves an environment of sand dunes, created from wind-eroded rocks (aeolian dunes).

Paleobiota of the Barun Goyot Formation

Lizards

Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
EstesiaEstesia mongoliensisAn anguimorph
GobidermaGobiderma pulchrumA Monstersaur
ProplatynotiaProplatynotia longirostrata

Mammals

Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
AsioryctesA. nemegtensisAn eutherian.
BarunlestesB. butleriAn eutherian.
CatopsbaatarC. catopsaloidesA djadochtatheriid.
ChulsanbaatarC. vulgarisA multituberculate.
DeltatheridiumD. pretrituberculareA tribosphenid.
NemegtbaatarN. gobiensisA multituberculate.
ZofialestesZ. longidensA eutherian.

Dinosaurs

Ornithiscians

Ankylosaurs
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
SaichaniaS. chulsanensisHermiin Tsav II, Khulsan[Three] skulls, mandibles, cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, ribs, sternum, scapulocoracoids, humerus, ulna, radius, manus, cervical half-rings, and osteoderms.[2] [3] [4] An ankylosaurid also known from the Nemegt Formation.
TarchiaT. kielanaeHermiin Tsav II, Khulsan[Two] partial skulls, osteoderms, and [three] undescribed specimens. An ankylosaurid also known from a second species, T. teresae, which was found in the Nemegt Formation.
ZaraapeltaZ. nomadisHermiin TsavA partial skull missing the rostrum. An ankylosaurid known from a subadult individual.
Ankylosauridae indet.IndeterminateHermiin TsavDorsal vertebrae, ribs, pectoral girdles, forelimbs, pelvic girdles, hindlimbs, and osteoderms. [5] An ankylosaurid known from a specimen preserved in a "resting posture".
Ceratopsians
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
BagaceratopsB. rozhdestvenskyiHermin Tsav, Khulsan"Multiple specimens with partial to nearly complete skulls and skeletons."[6] [7] [8] A protoceratopsid. Gobiceratops, Lamaceratops, and Platyceratops are now considered synonyms of Bagaceratops.
BreviceratopsB. kozlowskiiKhulsan"Two skulls and partial skeleton remains."[9] A protoceratopsid.
Udanoceratops?IndeterminateBaga Tariach"Partial juvenile specimen."[10] A giant leptoceratopsid.
Pachycephalosaurs

Sauropods

Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
FaveoloolithusF. ningxiaensisHermiin Tsav, Ikh Shunkht, Ologoy Ulan Tsav"Eggs, egg clutches and shells."[13] Eggs probably laid by a sauropod.
QuaesitosaurusQ. orientalisShar Tsav"Partial skull."[14] A titanosaur.

Theropods

Alvarezsaurs
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
CeratonykusC. oculatusHermiin Tsav"Partial skull with skeleton."[15] [16] An alvarezsaurid.
JaculinykusJ. yaruuiNemegtA nearly complete articulated skeleton including much of the skull[17] A parvicursorine alvarezsaurid.
KhulsanurusK. magnificusKhulsan"Partial skeleton, including cervical and caudal vertebrae, scapulocoracoids, humerus, and pubis."[18] An alvarezsaurid.
OndogurvelO. alifanoviNemegt"Partial postcranial skeleton," including dorsal and sacral vertebrae and hip and leg bones.[19] An alvarezsaurid.
ParvicursorP. remotusKhulsan"Partial vertebrae, pelvic girdle and hindlimbs."[20] An alvarezsaurid
Birds
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
GobioolithusG. majorGilbent, Khulsan"Five eggs."[21] Eggs probably laid by a bird.
G. minorHermiin Tsav, Khulsan"Eggs with embryonic remains."Eggs probably laid by Gobipipus.
GobipipusG. reshetoviHermiin Tsav, Khulsan"Embryonic skulls and skeletons."[22] An enantiornithine.
GobipteryxG. minutaHermiin Tsav, Khulsan"Skulls and partial skeletons, and embryonic remains."[23] [24] [25] An enantiornithine. Also present in the Djadokhta Formation.
HollandaH. luceriaHermiin Tsav"Partial hindlimbs from several specimens."[26] [27] An ornithuromorph.
ProtoceratopsidovumP. fluxuosumHermiin Tsav, Khulsan"Clutch of 19 eggs and isolated eggs."[28] Eggs probably laid by a bird.
P. minimumIkh Shunkht"Clutch of eggs."Eggs probably laid by a bird.
P. sincerumHermiin Tsav"Partial egg."Eggs probably laid by a bird.
StyloolithusS. sabathiKhulsan"Partial eggs."Eggs probably laid by a bird.
Dromaeosaurids
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
HulsanpesH. perleiKhulsanPartial foot and skull boneA halszkaraptorine
KuruK. kullaKhulsan"Fragmentary skeleton."[29] A dromaeosaurid.
NatovenatorN. polydontusHermiin TsavPartial articulated skeleton with skull[30] A halszkaraptorine
ShriS. deviKhulsan"Articulated skeleton lacking skull."[31] A dromaeosaurid.
Velociraptorinae indet.IndeterminateHermin Tsav, KhulsanNot specified.[32] [33] A dromaeosaurid.
Oviraptorosaurs
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
ConchoraptorC. gracilisHermin Tsav, Khulsan"Multiple specimens with skulls and partial skeletons."[35] [36] [37] [38] An oviraptorid. Also present in the Nemegt Formation.
HeyuanniaH. yanshiniHermiin Tsav"Partial skulls and skeletons."[39] [40] An oviraptorid. Originally identified as Ajancingenia and "Ingenia".
NemegtomaiaN. barsboldiNemegt"Nesting specimen."[41] An oviraptorid. Also present in the Nemegt Formation.

See also

Notes and References

  1. Gradzinski, R.; & Jerzykiewicz, T. (1974). Sedimentation of the Barun Goyot formation. Palaeontologica Polonica, 30, 111-146.
  2. Carpenter, K., Hayashi, S., Kobayashi, Y., Maryańska, T., Barsbold, R., Sato, K., and Obata, I., 2011, "Saichania chulsanensis (Ornithischia, Ankylosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia", Palaeontographica, Abteilung A, 294(1-3): 1-61
  3. Arbour. V. M.. Currie. P. J.. Badamgarav. D.. 2014. The ankylosaurid dinosaurs of the Upper Cretaceous Baruungoyot and Nemegt formations of Mongolia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 172. 3. 631−652. 10.1111/zoj.12185.
  4. Penkalski. P.. Tumanova. T.. 2017. The cranial morphology and taxonomic status of Tarchia (Dinosauria: Ankylosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Cretaceous Research. 70. 117−127. 10.1016/j.cretres.2016.10.004. 2017CrRes..70..117P .
  5. Park. J.-Y.. Lee. Y. N.. Currie. P. J.. Ryan. M. J.. Bell. P.. Sissons. R.. Koppelhus. E. B.. Barsbold. R.. Lee. S.. Kim. S.-H.. 2021. A new ankylosaurid skeleton from the Upper Cretaceous Baruungoyot Formation of Mongolia: its implications for ankylosaurid postcranial evolution. Scientific Reports. 11. 4101. 4101. 10.1038/s41598-021-83568-4. free. 7973727. 33737515.
  6. Maryańska. T.. Osmólska. H.. 1975. Protoceratopsidae (Dinosauria) of Asia. Palaeontologia Polonica. 33. 134−143. 2021-05-27. 2018-09-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20180921083509/http://palaeontologia.pan.pl/Archive/1975-33_133-181_36-50.pdf. dead.
  7. Czepiński. Ł.. 2019. Ontogeny and variation of a protoceratopsid dinosaur Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi from the Late Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert. Historical Biology. 32. 10. 1394–1421. 10.1080/08912963.2019.1593404. 132780322. 2021-05-27. 2021-07-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20210708144840/http://dinosaurmailinglist.cmnh.org/2019Apr/pdfzmfpMk1aO4.pdf. dead.
  8. Kim. B.. Yun. H.. Lee. Y.-N.. 2019. The postcranial skeleton of Bagaceratops (Ornithischia: Neoceratopsia) from the Baruungoyot Formation (Upper Cretaceous) in Hermiin Tsav of southwestern Gobi, Mongolia. Journal of the Geological Society of Korea. 55. 2. 179−190. 10.14770/jgsk.2019.55.2.179. 150321203 .
  9. Kurzanov. S. M.. 1990. A new Late Cretaceous protoceratopsid genus from Mongolia. Paleontological Journal. 24. 85−91.
  10. Tereschhenko. V. S.. 2008. Adaptive Features of Protoceratopsids (Ornithischia: Neoceratopsia). Paleontological Journal. 42. 3. 50−64. 10.1134/S003103010803009X. 2008PalJ...42..273T . 84366476.
  11. Maryańska. T.. Osmólska. H.. 1974. Pachycephalosauria, a new suborder of ornithischian dinosaurs. Palaeontologica Polonica. 30. 45−102.
  12. Sullivan. R. M.. 2006. A taxonomic review of the Pachycephalosauridae (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 35. 347–365.
  13. K. Mikhailov, K. Sabath, and S. Kurzanov. (1994). Eggs and nests from the Cretaceous of Mongolia. In K. Carpenter, K. F. Hirsch, and J. R. Horner (eds.), Dinosaur Eggs and Babies, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 88-115.
  14. Kurzanov, S. and Bannikov, A. (1983). "A new sauropod from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia". Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal 2: 90–96.
  15. Alifanov, V. R.; Barsbold, R. (2009). Ceratonykus oculatus gen. et sp. nov., a new dinosaur (? Theropoda, Alvarezsauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Paleontological Journal 43 (1): 94−106.
  16. Alifanov, V. R.; Saveliev, S. V. (2011). Brain structure and neurobiology of alvarezsaurians (Dinosauria), exemplified by Ceratonykus oculatus (Parvicursoridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Paleontological Journal. 45 (2), 183−190.
  17. Kubo . Kohta . Kobayashi . Yoshitsugu . Chinzorig . Tsogtbaatar . Tsogtbaatar . Khishigjav . 2023-11-15 . A new alvarezsaurid dinosaur (Theropoda, Alvarezsauria) from the Upper Cretaceous Baruungoyot Formation of Mongolia provides insights for bird-like sleeping behavior in non-avian dinosaurs . PLOS ONE . en . 18 . 11 . e0293801 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0293801 . 1932-6203. free . 37967055 . 10651048 . 2023PLoSO..1893801K .
  18. Averianov. Alexander O.. Lopatin. Alexey V.. 2021-11-18. The second taxon of alvarezsaurid theropod dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Khulsan locality in Gobi Desert, Mongolia. Historical Biology. 34 . 11 . 2125–2136. 10.1080/08912963.2021.2000976. 244421277. 0891-2963.
  19. Alexander O. Averianov. Alexey V. Lopatin. 19 February 2022. A new alvarezsaurid theropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Gobi Desert, Mongolia. Cretaceous Research. 134. 105168. 10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105168. 2022CrRes.13505168A . 247000540 . 19 February 2022.
  20. Karhu, A. A.; Rautian, A. S. (1996). A new family of Maniraptora (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Paleontological Journal. 30, 583−592.
  21. Varricchio . D.J. . Barta . D.E. . 2015 . Revisiting Sabath's "Larger Avian Eggs" from the Gobi Cretaceous . Acta Palaeontologica Polonica . 60 . 1. 11–25 .
  22. Kurochkin, E. N.; Chatterjee, S.; Mikhailov, K. E. (2013). An embryonic enantiornithine bird and associated eggs from the cretaceous of Mongolia. Paleontol. J. 47, 1252–1269.
  23. Elzanowski, A. (1977). Skulls of Gobipteryx (Aves) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Results of the Polish-Mongolian Paleontological Expeditions - Part VII. Palaeontologica Polonica. 37, 153-165.
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  27. Bell, A.K., Chiappe, L.M., Erickson, G.M., Suzuki, S., Watabe, M., Barsbold, R. and Tsogtbaatar, K. (2010). "Description and ecologic analysis of Hollanda luceria, a Late Cretaceous bird from the Gobi Desert (Mongolia)." Cretaceous Research, 31(1): 16-26.
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