| Barthélemy Pouliot | |
| Constituency Mp: | L'Islet |
| Parliament: | Canadian |
| Successor: | Philippe Baby Casgrain |
| Term Start: | 1867 |
| Term End: | 1872 |
| Birth Date: | 15 October 1811 |
| Birth Place: | St-Jean d'Orléans, Lower Canada |
| Death Place: | L'Islet (L'Islet-sur-Mer), Quebec |
| Party: | Conservative |
Barthélemy Pouliot (October 15, 1811 - February 26, 1890) was a Quebec businessman and political figure. He represented L'Islet in the 1st Canadian Parliament as a Conservative member.
He was born in Saint-Jean on the Île d'Orléans in 1811 and was educated at Quebec City. He became a merchant in L'Islet-sur-Mer. Pouliot was one of the founders of the Québec, Chaudière, Maine and Portland Railway. He also served as justice of the peace. In 1854, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for Dorchester. Pouliot was elected to the House of Commons in 1867; his election was annulled after an appeal but he was reelected in an 1869 by-election.
He died at L'Islet in 1890.
By-election: On Mr. Pouliot being unseated on petition