Barrier to autointegration factor 1 explained

Barrier-to-autointegration factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BANF1 gene.^{[1] [2]} It is a member of the barrier-to-autointegration factor family of proteins.

Function

The protein encoded by this gene was identified by its ability to protect retroviruses from intramolecular integration and therefore promote intermolecular integration into the host cell genome. The endogenous function of the protein is unknown. The protein forms a homodimer which localizes to the nucleus and is specifically associated with chromosomes during mitosis. This protein binds to DNA in a non-specific manner and studies in rodents suggest that it also binds to lamina-associated polypeptide 2, a component of the nuclear lamina. It also associates with the LEM Domain containing proteins LAP2, Emerin, and MAN1. The protein's DNA binding ability is modulated by ATP concentration.^[3]

Interactions

Barrier to autointegration factor 1 has been shown to interact with Thymopoietin.^[4]

Clinical relevance

Mutations in this gene have been shown to cause hereditary progeroid syndrome.^[5]

See also

• Retroviral integration

Further reading

• Goldberg M, Harel A, Gruenbaum Y . The nuclear lamina: molecular organization and interaction with chromatin . Crit. Rev. Eukaryot. Gene Expr. . 9 . 3–4 . 285–93 . 2000 . 10651245 . 10.1615/critreveukargeneexpr.v9.i3-4.130.
• Segura-Totten M, Wilson KL . BAF: roles in chromatin, nuclear structure and retrovirus integration . Trends Cell Biol. . 14 . 5 . 261–6 . 2004 . 15130582 . 10.1016/j.tcb.2004.03.004 .
• Van Maele B, Debyser Z . HIV-1 integration: an interplay between HIV-1 integrase, cellular and viral proteins . AIDS Reviews . 7 . 1 . 26–43 . 2005 . 15875659 .
• Van Maele B, Busschots K, Vandekerckhove L . Cellular co-factors of HIV-1 integration . Trends Biochem. Sci. . 31 . 2 . 98–105 . 2006 . 16403635 . 10.1016/j.tibs.2005.12.002 . etal.
• Lee MS, Craigie R . Protection of retroviral DNA from autointegration: involvement of a cellular factor . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 91 . 21 . 9823–7 . 1994 . 7937898 . 10.1073/pnas.91.21.9823 . 44909 . 1994PNAS...91.9823L . free .
• Dear PH, Bankier AT, Piper MB . A high-resolution metric HAPPY map of human chromosome 14 . Genomics . 48 . 2 . 232–41 . 1998 . 9521877 . 10.1006/geno.1997.5140 .
• Lynch RA, Piper M, Bankier A . Genomic and functional map of the chromosome 14 t(12;14) breakpoint cluster region in uterine leiomyoma . Genomics . 52 . 1 . 17–26 . 1999 . 9740667 . 10.1006/geno.1998.5406 . etal.
• Cai M, Huang Y, Zheng R . Solution structure of the cellular factor BAF responsible for protecting retroviral DNA from autointegration . Nat. Struct. Biol. . 5 . 10 . 903–9 . 1998 . 9783751 . 10.1038/2345 . 857675 . etal.
• Furukawa K . LAP2 binding protein 1 (L2BP1/BAF) is a candidate mediator of LAP2-chromatin interaction . J. Cell Sci. . 112 . 15. 2485–92 . 1999 . 10.1242/jcs.112.15.2485 . 10393804 .
• Zheng R, Ghirlando R, Lee MS . Barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF) bridges DNA in a discrete, higher-order nucleoprotein complex . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 97 . 16 . 8997–9002 . 2000 . 10908652 . 10.1073/pnas.150240197 . 16810 . 2000PNAS...97.8997Z . etal. free .
• Umland TC, Wei SQ, Craigie R, Davies DR . Structural basis of DNA bridging by barrier-to-autointegration factor . Biochemistry . 39 . 31 . 9130–8 . 2000 . 10924106 . 10.1021/bi000572w .
• Harris D, Engelman A . Both the structure and DNA binding function of the barrier-to-autointegration factor contribute to reconstitution of HIV type 1 integration in vitro . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 50 . 39671–7 . 2001 . 11005805 . 10.1074/jbc.M002626200 . free .
• Lee KK, Haraguchi T, Lee RS . Distinct functional domains in emerin bind lamin A and DNA-bridging protein BAF . J. Cell Sci. . 114 . Pt 24 . 4567–73 . 2002 . 10.1242/jcs.114.24.4567 . 11792821 . etal.
• Haraguchi T, Koujin T, Segura-Totten M . BAF is required for emerin assembly into the reforming nuclear envelope . J. Cell Sci. . 114 . Pt 24 . 4575–85 . 2002 . 10.1242/jcs.114.24.4575 . 11792822 . etal.
• Segura-Totten M, Kowalski AK, Craigie R, Wilson KL . Barrier-to-autointegration factor: major roles in chromatin decondensation and nuclear assembly . J. Cell Biol. . 158 . 3 . 475–85 . 2002 . 12163470 . 10.1083/jcb.200202019 . 2173821 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Holaska JM, Lee KK, Kowalski AK, Wilson KL . Transcriptional repressor germ cell-less (GCL) and barrier to autointegration factor (BAF) compete for binding to emerin in vitro . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 9 . 6969–75 . 2003 . 12493765 . 10.1074/jbc.M208811200 . free .
• Lin CW, Engelman A . The Barrier-to-Autointegration Factor Is a Component of Functional Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Preintegration Complexes . J. Virol. . 77 . 8 . 5030–6 . 2003 . 12663813 . 10.1128/JVI.77.8.5030-5036.2003 . 152146 .

Notes and References

1. Lee MS, Craigie R . A previously unidentified host protein protects retroviral DNA from autointegration . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 95 . 4 . 1528–33 . Mar 1998 . 9465049 . 19075 . 10.1073/pnas.95.4.1528 . 1998PNAS...95.1528L . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: BANF1 barrier to autointegration factor 1.
3. Sridharan S, Kurzawa N, Werner T, Günthner I, Helm D, Huber W, Bantscheff M, Savitski MM . Proteome-wide solubility and thermal stability profiling reveals distinct regulatory roles for ATP . Nature Communications . 10 . 1 . 1155 . March 2019 . 30858367 . 10.1038/s41467-019-09107-y . 6411743 . 2019NatCo..10.1155S .
4. Furukawa K . LAP2 binding protein 1 (L2BP1/BAF) is a candidate mediator of LAP2-chromatin interaction . J. Cell Sci. . 112 . Pt 15. 2485–92 . August 1999 . 10.1242/jcs.112.15.2485 . 10393804 .
5. Puente XS, Quesada V, Osorio FG, Cabanillas R, Cadiñanos J, Fraile JM, Ordóñez GR, Puente DA, Gutiérrez-Fernández A, Fanjul-Fernández M, Lévy N, Freije JM, López-Otín C . Exome sequencing and functional analysis identifies BANF1 mutation as the cause of a hereditary progeroid syndrome . Am. J. Hum. Genet. . 88 . 5 . 650–6 . May 2011 . 21549337 . 3146734 . 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.04.010 .