Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Explained

The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) is a widely used measure of impulsiveness. It includes 30 items that are scored to yield six first-order factors (attention, motor, self-control, cognitive complexity, perseverance, and cognitive instability impulsiveness) and three second-order factors (attentional, motor, and non-planning impulsiveness).

The BIS is the most widely used self-report measure of impulsive personality traits. As of June 2008, Web of Knowledge (an academic citation indexing and search service) tallied 457 journal citations of the 1995 article which defined the factor structure of the 11th version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Although initially developed in the United States,[1] the BIS-11 has been applied widely around the world, including Australia,[2] Belgium,[3] Brazil,[4] Canada,[5] China,[6] Estonia,[7] France,[8] Germany,[9] Greece,[10] Israel,[11] Italy,[12] Japan,[13] Korea,[14] Netherlands,[15] Scotland,[16] Spain,[17] Switzerland,[18] Taiwan,[19] Turkey, and the United Kingdom.[20]

The first version of the scale, the BIS-1, was released in 1959.[21] The current version, the BIS-11, was released in 1995.[1]

Scoring

The BIS-11 is a 30-item self-report questionnaire that is scored to yield a total score, three second-order factors, and six first-order factors. The questions are published in the 1995 references article. The following is a list of the items contributing to each factor score.[22]

Second-order factorsItem content
Attentional: 5, 6, 9*, 11, 20*, 24, 26, 28
Motor: 2, 3, 4, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 30*
Nonplanning: 1*, 7*, 8*, 10*, 12*, 13*, 14, 15*, 18, 27, 29*
First-order factors Item content
Attention: 5, 9*, 11, 20*, 28
Motor: 2, 3, 4, 17, 19, 22, 25
Self-Control: 1*, 7*, 8*, 12*, 13*, 14
Cognitive Complexity: 10*, 15*, 18, 27, 29*
Perseverance: 16, 21, 23, 30*
Cognitive Instability: 6, 24, 26

Validity

Patton et al. reported internal consistency coefficients for the BIS-11 total score that range from 0.79 to 0.83 for separate populations of under-graduates, substance-abuse patients, general psychiatric patients, and prison inmates.[1]

Modified versions

Short versions of the BIS-11 have been developed. The BIS-15 developed by Spinella[23] includes 15 of the original 30-item BIS-11 and has been used in several other languages such as German,[24] Spanish,[25] French,[26] Thai,[27] and Kannada.[28] There is also an Italian version who has been labelled BIS-15 developed by Maggi and colleagues[29] but shares only 12 items with Spinella's BIS-15.[30] The BIS-Brief includes eight items of the original 30-item BIS-11.[31]

External links

Notes and References

  1. Patton . J.H. . Stanford . M.S. . Barratt . E.S. . Factor structure of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale . . 51 . 6 . 768–74 . November 1995 . 10.1002/1097-4679(199511)51:6<768::AID-JCLP2270510607>3.0.CO;2-1 . 8778124.
  2. R. . Gomez . A. . Cooper . A. . Gomez . Susceptibility to positive and negative mood states: Test of Eysenck's, Gray's and Newman's theories. . 29 . 2 . 351–65 . August 2000 . 10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00198-1.
  3. G. . Dom . W. . Hulstijn . B. . Sabbe . Differences in impulsivity and sensation seeking between early-and late-onset alcoholics . Addictive Behaviors . 31 . 2 . 298–308 . February 2006 . 10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.05.009 . 15949898.
  4. S.S. . Martins . H. . Tavares . D.S. . da Silva Lobo . A.M. . Galetti . V. . Gentil . 4 . Pathological gambling, gender, and risk-taking behaviors. Addictive Behaviors . 29 . 6 . 1231–5. August 2004 . 10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.03.023 . 15236828.
  5. H. . Steiger . N. . Koerner . M.J. . Engelberg . M. . Israël . N.M. . Ng Ying Kin . S.N. . Young . Self-destructiveness and serotonin function in bulimia nervosa . Psychiatry Research . 103 . 1 . 15–26 . August 2001 . 10.1016/S0165-1781(01)00264-5 . 11472787. 38802028 .
  6. S. . Yao . Yang . H. . Zhu . X. . Auerbach . R.P. . Abela . J.R. . Pulleyblank . R.W. . Tong . X. . 4 . An examination of the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, 11th version in a sample of Chinese adolescents . . 104 . 3c . 1169–82 . June 2007 . 10.2466/pms.104.4.1169-1182 . 17879649. 41734476 .
  7. M. . Paaver . N. . Nordquist . J. . Parik . M. . Harro . L. . Oreland . J. . Harro . 4 . Platelet MAO activity and the 5-HTT gene promoter polymorphism are associated with impulsivity and cognitive style in visual information processing . . 194 . 4 . 545–54 . November 2007 . 10.1007/s00213-007-0867-z . 17628790. 21084296 .
  8. Lejoyeux . M. . Feuché . N. . Loi . S. . Solomon . J. . Adè . J. . 4 . November 1998 . Impulse-control disorders in alcoholics are related to sensation seeking and not to impulsivity . Psychiatry Research . 81 . 149–55 . 2 . 9858032 . 10.1016/S0165-1781(98)00103-6. 25470665 .
  9. M. . Cima . H. . Merckelbach . S. . Hollnack . E. . Knauer . Characteristics of psychiatric prison inmates who claim amnesia . Personality and Individual Differences . 35 . 2 . 373–80 . 2003 . 10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00199-X.
  10. O. . Giotakos . M. . Markianos . N. . Vaidakis . G.N. . Christodoulou . Aggression, impulsivity, plasma sex hormones, and biogenic amine turnover in a forensic population of rapists . . 29 . 3 . 215–25 . 2003 . 10.1080/00926230390155113 . 12851126. 24401527 .
  11. J. . Glicksohn . R. . Leshem . R. . Aharoni . Impulsivity and time estimation: Casting a net to catch a fish . Personality and Individual Differences . 40. 2 . 261–71. January 2006 . 10.1016/j.paid.2005.07.003.
  12. A. . Fossati . A. . Di Ceglie . E. . Acquarini . E.S. . Barratt . Psychometric properties of an Italian version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) in nonclinical subjects . Journal of Clinical Psychology . 57 . 6 . 815–28. June 2001 . 10.1002/jclp.1051 . 11344467.
  13. T. . Someya . K. . Sakado . T. . Seki . M. . Kojima . C. . Reist . S.W. . Tang . S. . Takahashi . 4 . The Japanese version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, 11th version (BIS-11): Its reliability and validity . Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences . 55 . 2 . 111–4 . April 2001 . 10.1046/j.1440-1819.2001.00796.x . 11285088. 21102195 . free .
  14. S. . Hong . H. . Jang . Segmentation of early casino markets: An exploratory study . Tourism Management . 25 . 6 . 801–5 . December 2004 . 10.1016/j.tourman.2003.09.002.
  15. M.H.J. . Bekker . C. . van de Meerendonk . J. . Mollerus . Effects of negative mood induction and impulsivity on self-perceived emotional eating. . International Journal of Eating Disorders . 36 . 4 . 461–9. December 2004 . 10.1002/eat.20041 . 15558635.
  16. J. . Cairns . M. . van der Pol . Repeated follow-up as a method for reducing non-trading behaviour in discrete choice experiments . . 58 . 11 . 2211–18 . June 2004 . 10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.08.021 . 15047078.
  17. E. . Baca-Garcia . C. . Vaquero . C. . Diaz-Sastre . E. . Garcı́a-Resa . J. . Saiz-Ruiz . J. . Fernández-Piqueras . J. . De Leon . 4 . Lack of association between the serotonin transporter promoter gene polymorphism and impulsivity or aggressive behavior among suicide attempters and healthy volunteers . Psychiatry Research . 126 . 2 . 99–106 . April 2004 . 10.1016/j.psychres.2003.10.007 . 15123389. 8905078 .
  18. J. . Billieux . L. . Rochat . M.M.L. . Rebetez . M. . Van der Linden . Are all facets of impulsivity related to self-reported compulsive buying behavior? . Personality and Individual Differences . 44 . 6 . 1432–42 . April 2008 . 10.1016/j.paid.2007.12.011.
  19. C.S. . Ray Li . Chen . S.H. . Lin . W.H. . Yang . Y.Y. . Attentional blink in adolescents with varying levels of impulsivity . . 39 . 2 . 197–205 . 2005 . 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2004.06.003 . 15589569.
  20. A.J. . Cleare . A.J. . Bond . Ipsapirone challenge in aggressive men shows an inverse correlation between 5-HT1A receptor function and aggression . Psychopharmacology . 148 . 4 . 344–9 . March 2000 . 10.1007/s002130050061 . 10928305. 11084318 .
  21. Stanford . Matthew S. . Mathias . Charles W. . Dougherty . Donald M. . Lake . Sarah L. . Anderson . Nathaniel E. . Patton . Jim H. . 2009-10-01 . Fifty years of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale: An update and review . Personality and Individual Differences . en . 47 . 5 . 385–395 . 10.1016/j.paid.2009.04.008 . 144156880 . 0191-8869.
  22. Web site: BIS 11 . International Society for Research on Impulsivity website . . . 2013-09-17.
  23. Spinella . Marcello . Normative Data and a Short Form of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale . January 2007 . International Journal of Neuroscience . en . 117 . 3 . 359–368 . 10.1080/00207450600588881 . 17365120 . 3165159 . 0020-7454.
  24. Meule . Adrian . Vögele . Claus . Kübler . Andrea . July 2011 . Psychometrische Evaluation der deutschen Barratt Impulsiveness Scale – Kurzversion (BIS-15) . Diagnostica . de . 57 . 3 . 126–133 . 10.1026/0012-1924/a000042 . 0012-1924.
  25. Orozco-Cabal . Luis . Rodríguez . Maritza . Herin . David V. . Gempeler . Juanita . Uribe . Miguel . 2010-03-01 . Validity and Reliability of the Abbreviated Barratt Impulsiveness Scale in Spanish (BIS-15S)* . Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría . en . 39 . 1 . 93–109 . 10.1016/S0034-7450(14)60239-0 . 0034-7450 . 2996610 . 21152412.
  26. Rousselle . P. . Vigneau . F. . 2016-11-01 . Adaptation et validation d'une version brève en langue française du questionnaire d'impulsivité de Barratt (BIS-15) . European Review of Applied Psychology . fr . 66 . 6 . 317–324 . 10.1016/j.erap.2016.05.001 . 1162-9088.
  27. Juneja . R. . Chaiwong . W. . Siripool . P. . Mahapol . K. . Wiriya . T. . Shannon . J.S. . Petchkrua . W. . Kunanusont . C. . Marriott . L.K. . February 2019 . Thai adaptation and reliability of three versions of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS 11, BIS-15, and BIS-Brief) . Psychiatry Research . en . 272 . 744–755 . 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.173. 30832195 . 73514603 .
  28. Bhat . Naseer A. . Roopesh . Bangalore N. . Bhaskarapillai . Binukumar . Benegal . Vivek . October 2018 . Validation of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale- short form among Indian adolescents . Asian Journal of Psychiatry . en . 37 . 172–177 . 10.1016/j.ajp.2018.10.009. 30308462 . 52965317 .
  29. Maggi . Gianpaolo . Altieri . Manuela . Ilardi . Ciro Rosario . Santangelo . Gabriella . 2022-08-01 . Validation of a short Italian version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-15) in non-clinical subjects: psychometric properties and normative data . Neurological Sciences . en . 43 . 8 . 4719–4727 . 10.1007/s10072-022-06047-2 . 1590-3478 . 9349262 . 35403939.
  30. Meule . Adrian . 2023-06-02 . Sorting the confusion about the numerous versions of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale . 10.31234/osf.io/3cx4s.
  31. Steinberg . Lynne . Sharp . Carla . Stanford . Matthew S. . Tharp . Andra Teten . March 2013 . New tricks for an old measure: The development of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale–Brief (BIS-Brief). . Psychological Assessment . en . 25 . 1 . 216–226 . 10.1037/a0030550 . 23148649 . 1939-134X.

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