| Barranquenho | |
| Nativename: | Romance languages: Barranquenhu |
| States: | Portugal |
| Speakers: | 1,500 |
| Date: | no date |
| Familycolor: | Indo-European |
| Fam1: | Mixed Portuguese-Spanish |
| Ancestor: | Old Latin |
| Ancestor2: | Vulgar Latin |
| Ancestor3: | Proto-Romance |
| Ancestor4: | Galician-Portuguese and Old Spanish |
| Ancestor5: | Portuguese and Early Modern Spanish |
| Ancestor6: | Portuguese and Modern Spanish |
| Map: | Kreis Barrancos 2020.png |
| Mapcaption: | Location of Barrancos in the Beja District |
| Iso3: | none |
| Linglist: | 1oy |
| Glotto: | none |
Barranquenho (Romance languages: Barranquenhu[1]) is a Romance linguistic variety spoken in the Portuguese town of Barrancos, near the Spanish border. It is a mixed language, and can be considered either a variety of Portuguese (Alentejan Portuguese) heavily influenced by the Spanish dialects of neighbouring areas in Spain in Extremadura and Andalusia (especially those from Encinasola and Rosal de la Frontera),[2] or a Spanish dialect (Extremaduran / Andalusian) heavily influenced by Portuguese.
Barranquenho speakers maintain that they speak neither Spanish nor Portuguese but a third language altogether different. Ethnologue lists Barranquenho (as Barranquian) as a dialect of Extremaduran, perhaps because Barrancos was populated by settlers from Badajoz, a city in Extremadura, though not in an Extremaduran language speaking area.[3]
The development of Barranquenho seems to be relatively recent, the variety developing no earlier than 1527 and likely by the early 1800s, unlike other minority linguistic varieties in the Iberian Peninsula, which have medieval roots.[4]
pronounced as /notice/
Like Portuguese, Barranquenho has seven oral vowels and contrasts pronounced as //s// and pronounced as //z//.[5]
The Portuguese base of this dialect is extremely hidden behind the Spanish dialects that mold it. The most characteristic aspect of this dialect is the aspiration of the (s) and (z) in the end of words, as in all the Extremaduran, Andalusian, and other southern peninsular dialects: Romance languages: cruh (Portuguese/Spanish: Portuguese: cruz; English: cross), Romance languages: buhcá (Portuguese/Spanish: Portuguese: buscar; English: search). Sometimes these letters can be completely muted: Romance languages: uma bê (Portuguese: Portuguese: uma vez; English: once).[6] The Portuguese (j), (ge) and (gi), usually pronounced as pronounced as /pt/, are pronounced as pronounced as /es/.
The (l) and (r) in the end of the words are not pronounced: Romance languages: Manué (Manuel), Romance languages: olivá (Spanish: Spanish; Castilian: olivar).[6] But they appear again in the plural form: Romance languages: olivareh (Spanish; Castilian: olivares). If the (l) is at the end of a syllable it turns into (r): Romance languages: argo (Portuguese/Spanish: Portuguese: algo). This is due to the influence of Andalusian and Extremaduran Spanish. Like in Spanish, and also some monolingual dialects of Portuguese, there is no differentiation between (b) and (v),[5] both are pronounced as either pronounced as /es/ or pronounced as /es/. Just as in Extremaduran and some southern dialects of Portuguese, the -e suffix at the end of a word (for example Portuguese: pobre) is pronounced pronounced as /i/, as opposed to pronounced as /pt/ in standard European Portuguese or pronounced as /es/ in Spanish.[6]
The Portuguese form of the first person of the plural, Portuguese: nós, is replaced by Romance languages: nusotrus - a variation of the Spanish Spanish; Castilian: nosotros. The placing of the pronouns is closer to the Spanish norm than to the Portuguese: Romance languages: se lavô (Portuguese: Portuguese: lavou-se; Spanish: Spanish; Castilian: se lavó; English: was washed).
It also contains many verbal forms of clearly Spanish conjugation: Romance languages: andubi (Portuguese: Portuguese: andei, Spanish: Spanish; Castilian: anduve); Romance languages: supimos (Portuguese: Portuguese: soubemos; Spanish: Spanish; Castilian: supimos).
Barranquenho uses Portuguese definite and indefinite articles like . It prefers the Spanish diminutive to the Portuguese, and it typically uses the present subjunctive for future reference, as in 'when he comes'.
On 26 November 2021, the Parliament of Portugal unanimously voted for the approval of a resolution through which Barranquenho was recognized and protected in the municipality.[7]