Barbareño language explained

Barbareño
States:	California, United States
Region:	Santa Barbara, Santa Ynez
Extinct:	1965, with the death of Mary Yee
Familycolor:	American
Fam1:	Chumashan
Fam2:	Southern
Fam3:	Central
Lc1:	boi
Ld1:	Barbareño
Lc2:	inz
Ld2:	Ineseño
Glotto:	barb1263
Glottoname:	Barbareno
Glotto2:	ines1240
Glottoname2:	Ineseno
Notice:	IPA
Revived:	2010 (Barbareño), 2003 (Ineseño)
Nativename:	Šmuwič
Dia1:	Emigdiano

Barbareño is one of the Chumashan languages, a group of Native American languages spoken almost exclusively in the area of Santa Barbara, California. The closely related Ineseño may have been a dialect of the same language. A dialect of the Barbareño language was also "spoken at San Emigdio near Buena Vista Lake" in the southern Central Valley. This dialect, called Emigdiano, "was heavily influenced by Buena Vista Yokuts."^[1] Barbareño lost its last known native speaker in 1965 with the death of Mary Yee.^[2] Both Barbareño and Ineseño are currently undergoing processes of language revitalization.^{[3] [4] [5]}

Language revitalization

As of 2013, the Barbareno Chumash Council is engaged in ongoing efforts to revive the language. Two of its members are language apprentices and teachers.^{[6] [7]} Wishtoyo Chumash Village, in Malibu, California, announced the opening of its Šmuwič Language School in 2010.^{[8] [9]}

Phonology

Consonants

! rowspan=2

Bilabial	Alveolar		Postalveolar/ Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
plain	sibilant
Plosive/ Affricate	plain	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
	ejective	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
	aspirated	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
Fricative	plain			pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/		pronounced as /link/
	ejective			pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
	aspirated			pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
Nasal	plain	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
	glottalized	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
Approximant	plain		pronounced as /link/		pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
	glottalized		pronounced as /link/		pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/

Vowels

Barbareño vowel phonemes

	Front	Central	Back
Close	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
	Open	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/

Further reading

• Beeler . M. S. . Sibilant Harmony in Chumash . International Journal of American Linguistics . 36 . 1 . 14–17 . January 1970 . 10.1086/465084 . 1264477 . 145163145 .
• Applegate, Richard. (1972). Ineseño Chumash Grammar. (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley).
• Beeler, M. S. 1976. Barbareno Chumash: a farrago. In Langdon, Margaret and Silver, Shirley, eds. Hokan Studies: Papers from the 1st Conference on Hokan Languages held in San Diego, California April 23–25, 1970, pp. 251–270. The Hague: Mouton.
• Wash, Suzanne. (1995). Productive Reduplication in Barbareño Chumash. (Master's thesis, University of California, Santa Barbara; 210 + x pp.)
• Wash, Suzanne. (2001). Adverbial Clauses in Barbareño Chumash Narrative Discourse. (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara; 569 + xxii pp.)

External links

• Barbareño language overview at the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
• Web site: Barbareño / Chumash sound recordings. Collections Search Center, Smithsonian Institution. 2012-07-20.
• Chumash Barbareño, Smithsonian Archives
• Barbareño Chumash Names for the Body
• Samala Chumash Language Tutorial
• OLAC resources in and about the Barbareño language
• OLAC resources in and about the Ineseño language
• Ineseño basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database

Notes and References

1. Web site: Barbareño. Survey of California and Other Indian Languages. 2012-11-01.
2. 2010-09-22. 2004. William J.. Poser. Ms., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.. On the Status of Chumash Sibilant Harmony.
3. News: Chawkins. Steve. Chumash recover their 'alishtaha'n: Armed with a trove of scattered notes, linguist saves ancestral tongue from brink of extinction.. Los Angeles Times. 2013-05-07. 2008-04-20.
4. Web site: Chumash Dictionary Breathes Life into Moribund Language. The Santa Barbara Independent. 2013-05-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20140508042649/http://www.independent.com/news/2008/apr/24/chumash-dictionary-breathes-life-moribund-language/. 2014-05-08. dead.
5. Web site: Bringing Back the Samala Chumash Language . Channel Islands National Park . 2013-05-07 . 2010-04-08 . dead . https://archive.today/20130626173631/http://www.nps.gov/chis/parknews/bringing-back-the-samala-chumash-language.htm . June 26, 2013.
6. Web site: Barbareno Chumash Council . 2013-05-08 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130822092529/http://barbarenochumashcouncil.com/id1.html . 2013-08-22 .
7. Web site: Funded Projects. Seventh Generation Fund for Indian Development. 2013-05-08. 2013-05-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20130509053046/http://7genfund.org/funded-projects. dead.
8. Web site: Chumash Language . Wishtoyo Foundation . 2013-05-08 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130705234344/http://wishtoyo.org/projects-cultural-chumash-language.html . 2013-07-05 .
9. 24. 4. Moreno. Sarah Koyo. Our Ancestors are Happy: Chumash Language Learning at Wishtoyo. News from Native California. 2013-05-08. 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20130202212515/http://www.heydaybooks.com/news/issues/v24n4toc.html. 2013-02-02. dead.