| Official Name: | Baran |
| Native Name: | Барань |
| Settlement Type: | Town |
| Flag Size: | 150 |
| Pushpin Map: | Belarus |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | Belarus |
| Subdivision Type1: | Region |
| Subdivision Name1: | Vitebsk Region |
| Subdivision Type2: | District |
| Subdivision Name2: | Orsha District |
| Population As Of: | 2024 |
| Population Footnotes: | [1] |
| Population Total: | 10,245 |
| Timezone: | MSK |
| Utc Offset: | +3 |
| Coordinates: | 54.4833°N 50°W |
| Blank Name: | License plate |
| Blank Info: | 2 |
Baran (Belarusian: Барань|Barań; Russian: Барань; Polish: Barań; Lithuanian: Baranis) is a town in Orsha District, Vitebsk Region, Belarus.[1] It is located in the southeast of the region. In 2009, its population was 11,662.[2] As of 2024, it has a population of 10,245.[1]
See also: Baran Ghetto. Baran was first mentioned in 1470 and chartered in 1598 by Krzysztof Radziwiłł. At the time, the area belonged to Poland.[3] In 1772, during the First Partition of Poland, Baran was transferred to Russia and became a selo, a center of Baranskaya Volost of Orshansky Uyezd of Mogilev Governorate.[4] In 1777, the provinces were abolished, and Baran became a selo in Orshansky Uyezd. In 1919, Mogilev Governorate was abolished, and Baran was transferred to Gomel Governorate. In 1920, Orshansky Uyezd with Baran was transferred to Vitebsk Governorate, and in 1924, the governorate was abolished.
From 1924, Baran was a part of Orsha Raion, which belonged to Vitebsk Okrug of Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1935, Baran became an urban-type settlement.[4] On January 15, 1938 Vitebsk Region was established, and Orsha Raion with Baran was transferred to the oblast.
During World War II, Baran was occupied by German troops and the Jewish population was murdered. A witness to a mass shooting of the Jews of Baran stated: "The perpetrators were put together in a special unit of 6 persons. They had a black uniform and machine guns. The policemen threw the Jews in front of the grave, they were then shot by families".[5]
In 1960, Orsha was made a city of oblast significance, and Baran was transferred from Orshansky District and became subordinate to the city of Orsha. In 1972, Baran obtained a town status.[4]
In 1873 Mehzhinsky, an estate owner, founded in Baran a mechanical plant, which was producing nails. During the World War II, the plant was evacuated to the east, and after the war it was restored and started production of radio stations.[6]
Baran is located on a highway connecting Orsha with Shklow and further with Mogilev. The closest railway station, also on the railway connecting Orsha and Mogilev, is Khorobrovo, just outside the town.
Almost no traces of the old town survived. The only two notable pre-1917 buildings are a poorhouse and a mechanical workshop.[7]