Barabanki district explained

Barabanki district
Settlement Type:District of Uttar Pradesh
Total Type:Total
Coordinates:26.92°N 81.2°W
Coor Pinpoint:Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name: India
Subdivision Type1:State
Subdivision Name1:Uttar Pradesh
Subdivision Type2:Division
Subdivision Name2:Ayodhya
Established Title:Established
Seat Type:Headquarters
Seat:Barabanki
Parts Type:Tehsils
Parts Style:para
P1:
  1. Nawabganj
  2. Fatehpur
  3. Ram Sanehi Ghat
  4. Haidergarh
  5. Ram Nagar
  6. Sirauli Ghauspur
Area Total Km2:3891.5
Population As Of:2011
Population Total:3,260,699
Population Urban:330803
Population Density Km2:auto
Demographics Type1:Demographics
Demographics1 Title1:Literacy
Demographics1 Info1:61.75%
Demographics1 Title2:Sex ratio
Demographics1 Info2:910
Leader Title:District collector
Leader Name:Adarsh Singh, IAS
Leader Title1:Lok Sabha constituencies
Leader Name1:Barabanki (Lok Sabha constituency)
Leader Title2:Vidhan Sabha constituencies
Leader Name2:7
Timezone1:IST
Utc Offset1:+05:30
Registration Plate:UP-41
Blank Name Sec1:Major highways
Blank Info Sec1:NH 27, NH 28B
Blank Name Sec2:Average annual precipitation
Blank Info Sec2:1050 mm

Barabanki district is one of the five districts of Ayodhya division in the central Awadh region of Uttar Pradesh, India. Barabanki city is the administrative headquarters of Barabanki district. Total area of Barabanki district is 3891.5 Sq. km.[1]

It has a population of 2,673,581, with a population density of .

Barabanki district is situated between 27°19′ and 26°30′ north latitude, and 80°05′ and 81°51′ east longitude; it runs in a south-easterly direction, confined by the nearly parallel streams of the Ghaghara and Gomti. The extreme length of the district from east to west may be taken at 57miles, and the extreme breadth at ; the total area is about . It borders seven other districts of Uttar Pradesh. With its most northern point it shares borders with the Sitapur district, while its north-eastern boundary is defined by the Ghagra, beyond which lie the districts of Bahraich district and Gonda district. Its eastern border is shared with Ayodhya district, and the Gomti forms a natural boundary to the south, dividing it from the Amethi district. On the west, it adjoins the Lucknow district.

In 1856, the district came, with the rest of Oudh State, under British rule. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the whole of the Barabanki talukdars joined the mutineers, but offered no serious resistance following the capture of Lucknow.[2]

Barabanki district stretches out in a level plain interspersed with numerous lakes and marshes. In the upper part of the district the soil is sandy, while in the lower part it is clay and produces finer crops. The district is fed by the rivers Ghaghra (forming the northern boundary), Gomti (flowing through the middle of the district), Kalyani and Rait and their tributaries, for the major part of the year.[3] Some rivers dry out in the summer, and become flooded during the rainy season. The changing course of the river Ghagra alters the land area of the district.

The principal crops are rice, wheat, pulse and other food grains and sugarcane. Both of the bordering rivers of Barabanki are navigable. The district is traversed by two lines of the Northern Railway and North-Eastern Railway, with branches having total length of 131km (81miles).[4] The district roadways include connections to National Highway 28, state highways and various link roads.

Etymology

The area was once known as Jasnaul, from Jas, a Raja of the Bhar tribe, who is said to have founded it before 1000 AD. Following the Muslim conquest, the lands were divided into twelve, with the new owners quarrelling so incessantly that they were called the Barah Banke, or twelve quarrelsome men. Banka, in Awadhi, means a bully or brave. Others derive the name from ban, meaning wood or jungle, and interpret Barabanki as the twelve shares of jungle.

History

The current Barabanki district was first established by the British upon their annexation of Oudh State in 1856.[5] Originally, the district was known as Daryabad district because its headquarters were at Daryabad, but in 1859 they were relocated to Barabanki.[5] The name "Barabanki" was chosen for the district's official name over "Nawabganj", then the more common name of the town, for two reasons: first, to avoid any possible confusion with other places called Nawabganj, and second, because the civil station was technically located outside of Nawabganj in the small revenue village of Barabanki.[5] Previously, under the Nawabs of Awadh, the area that would become Barabanki district was divided between five chaklas: Daryabad-Rudauli, Ramnagar, Dewa-Jahangirabad, Jagdispur, and Haidargarh.[5]

Early history and legends

Barabanki district is mostly within what was the Pachhimrath division[6] of the kingdom of Rama.[7]

Parijaat tree is a protected baobab tree in the village of Kintoor, and is considered sacred to Hindus.[8] Located near the Kunteshwar Mahadeva temple (established by Kunti), the tree is said to grow from Kunti's ashes.[9] The tree is very old, though its age has not been scientifically determined.[10]

Before 1000 AD, Jas, a raja of the Bhar tribe, is said to have founded the locality of Jasnaul which later became Barabanki.

Medieval India

Muslim Infiltration was first tried in what is now the district at Satrikh, in 1030 AD (421 AH). The Muslim conquest saw Sihali attacked and its Hindu sovereign killed. Bhar-Pasi chief Raja Sohil Deo (or Sohel Dal) of Sahet-Mahet and Rathor monarch Sri Chandradeo of Kannauj fought a battle in Satrikh village of the district and drove out the Foreign Muslim Army in the Battle of Bahraich.[7]

In 1049 AD (441 AH), the kings of Kanauj and Manikpur were again attacked but the foreigners were defeated and driven away from Oudh. The Muslim invasion was not successful in Bara Banki as elsewhere. After, Tarain 1192, Moslems again attacked this region and Ayodhya but were not very successful till the reign of Khiljis and Firoz Tuglaq.The foreigners followed a policy of religious persecution and conversions. They also settled many foreigners and gave them fertile tracts in Ramnagar, Daryabad, Zaidpur, Rudauli areas.

From 1350 to about 1750 AD, Muslim immigrants settled in great number in the district.[7] The Muslims first permanently settled in Oudh.[11]

Rudauli was occupied, in the reign of Alla-ud-din Khilji, whose forces had destroyed nearly every remaining seat of Chhattri power. Rasulpur was conquered about 1350 AD. Daryabad was founded about 1444 AD by Dariab Khan Subahdar and his brother Fateh Khan colonised. Fatehpur. The villages of Barauli and Barai, near Rudauli, were occupied and became large estates until about the middle of the fifteenth century.

Simultaneously, however, with this latter immigration of the Muslims, there was one of Chhattris. The mysterious tribe of Kalhans, which numbers some twenty thousand persons, are said to be descended from Achal Singh, who came in as a soldier of fortune with Dariab Khan about 1450 AD. Singh had large properties, with a possible capital at Bado Sarai on the old bank of the Ghagra.

The wars had by then shifted to fighting between Muslim princes, with Hindu soldiers employed. The battleground was the Oudh borderland between Sharqis of Jaunpur (where Ibrahim Shah Shargi reigned) and the Lodis of Delhi. Dariab Khan settled Hindu soldiers as garrisons. Oudh clans, said to have emigrated from Gujarat, included the Kalhans, the Ahban, the Pan war, the Gahlot, the Gaur, and the Bais.

The isolated Suryavanshi estate of Haraha and the Sombanshi Bahrelia estate of Surajpur were established by small colonies of Kshatriya foot-steps soldiers.

Mughal era (1526–1732)

During Akbar's reign, the district was divided under the sirkars of Oudh, Lucknow and Manikpur.[12] Ain-i-Akbari mentions the following parganas (administrative units) during the reign of the Akbar:[13]

NumberMuhals of Ain-i-AkbariParganas as of 1878Sarkars of Ain-i-Akbari
1IbrahimabadIbrahimabadOudh
2BasorhiBasorhiOudh
3BaktehaBaksahaOudh
4DaryabadDaryabadOudh
5RudauliRudauliOudh
6SailukSailukOudh
7SubehaSubehaOudh
8SatrikhSatrikhOudh
9BhitauliBhitauliLucknow
10DewaDewaLucknow
11KumbhiDewaLucknow
12KursiKursiLucknow
13KahanjraKursiLucknow
14SiddhaurSiddhaurLucknow
15SidhipurSiddhaurLucknow
16SihaliKhironLucknow
17BhilwalHaidergarhManikpur

Nawabs of Awadh (1732–1856)

Newal Rae, the naib of wazir Safdar Jang, was defeated and killed at the Kali river by the Bangash Afghans of Farukhabad, who then overran the province except a few of the fortified towns. In 1749 AD, Jang with an army of 60,000 men was defeated. The Mughal authority might have been overthrown had the Oudh Chhattris revolted at this time, but they waited until Jang had bribed or beaten the Rohillas out of the country in 1750 AD (1164 AH).

The tribes gathered themselves together under the leadership of Raja Anup Singh of Ramnagar Dhameri, the Janwar of Balrampur, the Bisens of Gonda, and numerous other lords. The forces assembled for an attack on Lucknow, whose troops had gone into Rohilkhand. The Shekhzadas of Lucknow came out to meet the enemy, joined by the Khanziidas of Mahmudabad and Bilahra, who were connected with them by marriage.

The Musalmans, headed by Nawab Muizz-ud-din Khan of Mahmudabad, were victorious in battle at Chheola Ghat on the Kalyani, on the road to Lucknow. The Balrampur raja was killed and some 15,000 were killed or wounded on both sides. The Khanzadas then rose to power. The Raikwars were proportionately depressed; the estates of both Baundi and Ramnagar were divided, and but a few villages left with the raja. The process of agglomeration commenced again, on the death of Saadat Ali Khan II. In 1856, the Ramnagar raja had recovered the family estate and added to it, while his brother of Baundi had similarly added 172 villages to his domain.

There were a total forty-three taluqa. The principal chiefs of Bara Banki during the last years of Nawabi were:

Few other later important taluqas were:

Rebellion of 1857

Unlike what occurred in the districts of Hardoi, Gonda, and Lucknow, the whole body of the taluqdars in this district joined the cause of the deposed king and the mutineers. They offered no resistance, however, of any moment to the advance of the British troops after the capture of Lucknow in the battle of Nawabganj.

British Raj (1858–1947)

The Sadr station (district headquarters) was placed at annexation and also after the mutinies at Daryabad. However, due to the stagnation of water in the immediate vicinity of the town, and to the prevalence of fever, the headquarters was moved in 1859 to Nawabganj, Bara Banki.[15]

During 1869 census of Oudh, thirteen large towns or kasbahs were identified in the district:[16] Nawabgunj,Musauli,Rasauli,Satrikh,Zaidpur,Sidhaur,Dariabad,Ichaulia,Rudauli,Ram Nagar,Bado Sarai,Kintoor andFatehpur. The census also noted the following were tahsils and parganas:

TahsilPargana
Nawaba GanjNawabganj
Patabganj
Satrikh
Sidhaur
Ram NagarRamnagar
Bhitouli
Bado Sarai
Fatehpur
Mohammedpur
Sani GhatDariabad
Surajpur
Mawai Mahulara
Barsorhi

In 1870, before the addition of two parganas from Lucknow (i.e. Kursi & Dewa) and one pargana each from Rae Bareli and Sultanpur (i.e. Haidergarh and Subeha, respectively), Bara Banki district had area of 1285abbr=onNaNabbr=on and had following subdivisions:[15]

Tahsil
(subdistrict)		ParganaNo. of VillagesAreaMajor Talukas & Talukdars
sq mileskm2acres
NawabaganjNawabganj7750484acresI.— Jehangirabad, Raja Farzand Ali Khan
II.— Sohailpur Bhanmau, Mir Buniad Husen and Amjad Husen.
III.— Satrikh, Kazi Sarfraz Ali.
IV.— Simrawan, Bissein Thakur Sheo Sahai.
V.— Shahpur, Ghulam Abbas and Mahomed Amir.
VI.— Gaddia, Shekh Zainulabdin.
VII.— Usmanpur, Thakurain Zahur-un-nissa.
Partabganj5435834acres
Satrikh4329358acres
Siddhaur22490377acres
Daryabad-Rudauli
(later named to Ram Sanehi Ghat)		Daryabad241136931acresI.— Surajpur Raja Udatpertab Singh, Burhelia Thakur.
II.— Haraha, Raja Narindur Bahadur, Surajbans Thakur.
III.— Kamiar, Shere Bahadur, Kalhans Thakur.
IV.— Rampur, Rai Ibram Bali, Kaisth.
V.— Saidanpur, Latafat-ullah and Inayat-ullah.
VI.— Nirauli, Chaudhri Husen Baksh.
VII.— Amirpur, Inayat Rassul.
VIII.— Purai, Mahomed Abid.
IX.- Daryabad, Rai Rajeshwar Bali.
Surajpur10761645acres
Rudauli196110553acres
Mawai5145469acres
Barsorhi4421958acres
RamnagarRamnagar16871756acresI.— Ramnagar, Raja Sarabjit Singh, Raikwar Thakur.
II.— Bilheri, Raja Ibad Ali.
III.— Mahmudabad, Raja Amir Hussan Khan.
IV.— Bhatwamau, Badshah Husen Khanzada.
V.— Muhammadpur, Ganga Singh, Raikwar.
Fatehpur25198532acres
Muhammadpur8339568acres
Bado Sarai5630541acres
Total1,595323011acres

In 1871 about half the district was held by 43 talukdars; there were also 5,397 village zemindars (landowners), and 1,354 under-proprietors. The talukas were as follows:[15]

Name of TalukaName of TalukdarNo. of VillagesArea
sq mileskm2acres
RamnagarRaja Sarabjit Singhalign=center 358108286acres
HurahaRaja Nurindur Bahadur Singhalign=center 6629960acres
BhanmauMir Umjad Hoseinalign=center 105233acres
JehagerabadRaja Farzand Ali Khanalign=center 7222751acres
SurajpurRaja Talaywand Koeralign=center 6436388acres
MahmudabadRaja Amir Hassan Khanalign=center 8928680acres
Man SinghMaharaja Man Singhalign=center 1613009acres
MalaraiganjNawab Ali Khanalign=center 113235acres
ShahabpurMahomed Amir and Gholam Abbasalign=center 83578acres
SimrawanThakur Sheosahaialign=center 84188acres
SohailpurMir Umjad Hoseinalign=center 82458acres
UshdamowPanday Bahadur Singhalign=center 163684acres
UsmanpurThakur Roushan Zama Khanalign=center 257325acres
KharkhaMahomed Hoseinalign=center 104593acres
GuddiaShaikh Zainulabdinalign=center 121933acres
SatrikhKazi Ikram Ahmedalign=center 859420acres
GootiahHakim Kurrum Alialign=center 135549acres
SubehaSurfaraz Ahmedalign=center 1564acres
SulaunpurNawab Ali Khanalign=center 63892acres
KotwaAbid Alialign=center 1331acres
MotreeBhugwant singhalign=center 11040acres
TribadiganjRaja Thakurpershad Tribadialign=center 2813acres
LillowlyBuxshee Harpershadalign=center 112510acres
NurhowlShaik Boo Alialign=center 31465acres
MirpurNusserudeenalign=center 42416acres
BaytowlyMaharaja Runbir Singhalign=center 53535acres
RampurThakur Gooman Singhalign=center 1357acres
JubrahpurThakur Ruder Pratab Singhalign=center 2700acres
BilharrahRaja Ibad Ali Khanalign=center 4115838acres
MuhammadpurThakur Ganga Singhalign=center 264981acres
BhatwamauBadsha Hasan Khanalign=center 238459acres
RampurRai Ibram Ballialign=center 3513571acres
KumyarShere Bahaduralign=center 1013430acres
SydanpurLatafat-ul-lah and Mayet-ul-lahalign=center 135428acres
PushkaNaipal Singhalign=center 42129acres
RaneemauOutar Singhalign=center 145687acres
NurrowlyChaudhri Razah Husainalign=center 4523157acres
BarraiChaudhri Gholam Farid and Mahboob-ul-Rahamnalign=center 4616039acres
PuraiMeer mahomaed Abidalign=center 146722acres
AmirpurChaudhri Ishan Russulalign=center 134557acres
BurrowlyChaudhri Wazeer Alialign=center 253871acres
NearahShere Khanalign=center 132993acres
RetchRaghunath Singhalign=center 12183acres
Totalalign=center 1,158436574acres

In 1877, Barabanki was one of the three districts of the then Lucknow division.[17] Its area was 1768abbr=onNaNabbr=on and population was 1,113,430.

As per 1877 Gazetteer of the province of Oudh there were:

Independence movement

In the struggle for independence from 1922 to 1934 during the Khilafat movement, the district participated in the growing movement against foreign fabrics, etc.[18] On 26 October 1942, Brij Bahadur and Hans Raj (Sardar) planted a bomb in a police outpost at Barabanki, known as Barabanki Outpost Bomb Case.[19]

Geography

Barabanki district is for the most part flat agricultural lands studded with groves. The most elevated point is about 430feet above sea level, and there are few points of view from which any expanse of the countryside can be surveyed. In the north, the topography is broken by a 20order=flipNaNorder=flip ridge running parallel to the Ghaghra at a distance of 1to, which is said to indicate the former right bank of this river. These lands are undulating and richly wooded, while to the south there is a gentle slope down to the Gomti. The district is intersected at various parts by rugged ravines.

Rivers and waters

Ghaghra

The principal river in the district is the Ghaghra at a short distance from Bahramghat; it is formed by the Himalaya-fed rivers Chauka and Sarda, which meet in the Fatehpur tehsil. It is 1.5to wide in the rainy season and about 0.5abbr=onNaNabbr=on wide during the dry season, when the discharge is about 19000cuft/s. For 48order=flipNaNorder=flip, the river divides the Barabanki district from the districts of Bahraich and Gonda. It flows in a south-easterly direction past Ayodhya, and empties into the Ganges at Arrah. This river is navigable for flat-bottomed steamers as far as Bahramghat, and is used by country boats in considerable numbers between Bahramghat and Sarun district. The principal ferries are at Kaithi, Kamiar, and Paska Ghat; a floating bridge operates at Bahramghat during the cold season. The river's flood plains generally have fine crops of rice, but the water sometimes lies too long after the rains and rots them, and the spring crops cannot be sown. The river is not utilised for irrigation.

Gomti

Next in importance is the Gomti, which runs through the tahsil of Haidargarh and some portion of the tehsil Ram Sanehi Ghat, and separates the Bara Banki district from the districts of Lucknow, Sultanpur and Faizabad. Like the Ghagra, it runs in a south-easterly direction, has a well-defined bank and a stream which is fordable in the dry weather, when it is about 120order=flipNaNorder=flip wide. The circuitous course of the Gomti covers 105abbr=onNaNabbr=on though the direct distance is half that distance. It is therefore not very efficient for transportation, though there is considerable traffic by country boats. Its dry weather discharge is 500cuft/s. Its water is at a lower level than the Ghagra, and it is not used for irrigation. At the junction of the Kalyani, the Ghagra is only 301feet above sea level.

Kalyani

The Kalyani River rises in the Fatehpur tahsil, and empties into the Gomti near the village of Anarpatti. In the rains of 1872, the Kalyani presented a vast volume of water – 269feet broad and 337feet deep – rushing at 5.74mph with a discharge of 51540cuft/s. In typical monsoons, the maximum discharge is about three-quarters of this. The river is crossed by a railway bridge with six spans of 60feet.

Jamuriha and Reth

The Jamuriha and Reth, both in the Nawabganj tehsil, are the only other notable streams in this district. Their general characteristics are the same: they have significant flows during rains which have carved steep and rugged banks broken by innumerable ravines. They flow into the Gomti. Haidergarh, Deviganj, Choury and Alapur are settlements on the Reth, while Jamuriha passes through Barabanki city (Barabanki revenue village on one side and Nawabganj Tehsil hq on other).

Tanks, jheels and wetlands

There are numerous tanks and jheels, especially in the tehsils of Daryabad, Ram Sanehi Ghat, and Nawabganj. Seven per cent of the area is covered with water; many of the tanks are in course of being deepened, earth is removed to replenishing cultivated land, though such efforts are complicated by conflicting rights to the tanks. Some of the jheels are navigable by small boats for sport or pleasure. The finest jheel in this district, that named Bhagghar, is situated in the Suratganj; it covers less than 2sqmi There is another in Dewa, covering about 5sqmi with water and marsh. Parva, Nardahi, and Ganhari Jheel are the major wetlands.

The Gomti-Kalyani doab

This doab is a fertile area of about 146526ha. It is bounded by the Kalyani river to the north, the Gomti river and its tributary to the south, the Sarda Sahayak feeder channel to the west, and the confluence of the Gomti and Kalyani rivers to the east.[20] [21]

Demographics

According to the 2011 census, Barabanki district had a population of 3,260,699.[22] It then ranked 107th out of India's 640 districts).[22] The district had a population density of 740PD/sqkm.[22] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 26.40%.[22] Barabanki had a sex ratio of 887 females for every 1,000 males,[22] and a literacy rate of 61.75%.[22] Only 10.15% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes made up 26.51% of the population.[22]

Religion

Hinduism is the largest religion. Islam is a large minority, and is in equal proportions with Hinduism in urban areas.

Languages

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 91.54% of the district population spoke Hindi (or a related language), 6.16% Urdu and 2.11% Awadhi as their first language.[23]

One of the many languages spoken in the district is Awadhi, a vernacular in the Hindi continuum spoken by over 38 million people, mainly in the Awadh region of India.[24]

Government and politics

Administration and divisions

Barabanki is one of the five constituent districts of Faizabad Division. The other districts being Ayodhya, Sultanpur, Amethi and Ambedkar Nagar. The division is headed by the divisional commissioner.

As of 2003–04, the district contained 7 tehsils, 17 blocks, 154 nyaya panchayat and 1,140 gram sabhas.[25]

As per 1991 data, there were 1,812 inhabited villages and 31 inhabited villages.In 2001, there were 14 towns and cities, 2 nagar palika parishads, 1 cantonment area, 10 nagar panchayats and 1 census town.

Land administration

Barabanki District is divided into six subdivisions, popularly known as tehsils: Nawabganj, Fatehpur, Ramsanehi Ghat, Haidergarh, Ram Nagar and Sirauli Ghauspur. The District Revenue Administration is headed by the District Collector (also known as District Magistrate), with the office at the collectorate, and these tehsils are under the charge of sub-divisional magistrates.

Development

District-level developmental activities are coordinated by the Chief Development Officer whose office is at the District Rural Development Agency (DRDA) at the collectorate. The district-level offices for monitoring the developmental activities of Blocks at Barabanki are located at Vikas Bhawan. Block development officers, who head each of the 15 development blocks of the district, carry out the development schemes on behalf of the government. The development blocks are: Banki, Masauli, Dewa, Harakh, Fatehpur, Haidergarh, Dariyabad, Suratganj, Siddhaur, Pure Dalai, Nindura, Trivediganj, Ram Nagar, Sirauli Ghauspur and Banikodar.

Law and order

The law and order administration is jointly coordinated by the District Magistrate and the Superintendent of Police. The district is subdivided into 22 police stations (thanas), each of which is headed by an inspector or sub-inspector of police. 12 police stations are rural and 9 are rural. These police stations are: Haidergarh, Satrikh, Dariyabad, Baddupur, Dewa, Kursi, Zaidpur, Mohammadpur, Ram Nagar, Fatehpur, Safderganj, Kotwali, Ramsanehi Ghat, Asandra, Subeha, Tikait Nagar, Lonikatra, Masauli, Kothi, Ghungter, Badosarai and Jahangirabad.

Urban

The district has 14 urban administrative bodies for its towns, which are:

Electoral

Parliament and state assembly

Barabanki district has seven state-assembly constituencies which fall under two parliamentary constituencies. They are:

No of Assembly ConstituencyName of Assembly ConstituencyAssembly Constituency Reservation StatusTotal Booths in Assembly ConstituencyNet Voters in Assembly ConstituencyNo of Parliamentary ConstituencyName of Parliamentary ConstituencyParliamentary Constituency Reservation StatusNet Voters in Parliamentary ConstituencyRef
1266KursiGeneral34329503053BarabankiScheduled castes (SC)1,435,692[26]
2267Ram NagarGeneral323260,400[27]
3268BarabankiGeneral322289,765[28]
4269ZaidpurSC359302,189[29]
5272HaidergarhSC327288308[30]
6270DariyabadGeneral337304,07354Faizabad (partial)General150,6120[31]
7271Rudauli (partial)General304282,890[32]
=State assembly

=Sitting (As of 2021):[33]

=State council

=Barabanki district sends two members to state-council. Sitting members are:[33]

  1. Rajesh Yadav "Raju"
  2. Ram Naresh Rawat

Basic amenities

Following is the list of public amenities (1999–2002 data):

Communication services

Public distribution system

Electricity

Water supply

Area covered under water supply using taps/ handpumps of India Mark-2:

Economy

The district's economy is primarily based on agriculture.[34] Agriculture, bio-gas plants, animal husbandry, and small-scale industries provide direct and indirect employment.[35] [36]

Agriculture

In Barabanki the net irrigated area is 84.2% (compared to the Uttar Pradesh average of 79%). The intensity of irrigation in Barabanki is 176.9% (compared to the state average of 140%). Most of irrigation in Barabanki is done through private tube wells (69%) and canals (30%).

Subsistence agriculture is practised in Barabanki, with up to five crops rotated per year.[37] The dominant crops are cereals (occupying 68.4 per cent of cropped areas), mainly paddy (rice) (34.4%) and wheat (31.3%). Other crops include pulses (10.1%) and sugarcane 3.6%), and potatoes[38] (2.8%). Wheat, rice and maize are chief food crops of the district.[39] [40] Opium, menthol oil, sugarcane, fruits (mango, banana, etc.), vegetables (potato, tomato, mushroom, etc.), flowers (gladiolus, etc.), spices, etc. are the chief cash crops[41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] for export. Barabanki has been major hub of opium production since British rule; the district opium officer, based at Afeem Kothi, is the only one in the state.[47]

Barabanki leads the country in menthol farming, with 20000order=flipNaNorder=flip under cultivation.[48]

Apart from crop farming, livestock-based farming,[49] broiler farming, and fish cultivation is also prevalent in the district. Bee keeping is practised in the Dewa block of the district.

The district is home to a Regional Agriculture Seed Testing & Demonstration Station of the federal Department of Agriculture.[50] In 2004, a Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK, agricultural science centre) was established in the district under Narendra Dev University of Agriculture and Technology.[51] The Institute for Integrated Society Development established a Rural Technology Development and Dissemination Centre in 2002 at Nindura Block of Barabanki District. National Fertilizers Limited has established a Soil Testing Lab in the district.[52] Information and Communication Technologies has a centre in the district.[53]

Cottage industry

Weaving products including scarfs, shawls and stoles, some of which are exported.[56] [57] These products are broadly categorised as rayon fibre or cotton yarn. Barabanki scarves were displayed at a national handloom expo.[58] Barabanki has also emerged as a handkerchief production hub.[59]

Zardozi- In 2013 the Geographical Indication Registry (GIR) accorded the Geographical Indication (GI) registration to the Lucknow Zardozi – the world-renowned textile embroidery from Lucknow. The Zardozi products manufactured in areas in Lucknow and six surrounding districts of Barabanki, Unnao, Sitapur, Rae Bareli, Hardoi and Amethi became a brand and can carry a registered logo to confirm their authenticity.[60]

Industry

There are six industrial areas in the District Barabanki,[61]

The companies and factories include:

The Company is engaged in manufacturing of polyester staple fibre, polyester, and tow with technology from Du Pont, US.

Solar power plant

The first 2 megawatt-capacity solar power plant project of Uttar Pradesh is situated in Sandauli village of Barabanki district, it was inaugurated on 10 May 2012 and become operational in January 2013.[69] [70] The plant was set up by Technical Associates Ltd.[71]

Culture

Cultural heritage

In 2011–12 almost 2 million people visited the twin sites of Lodheshwar Mahadev Mandir and Deva Sharif shrine.[72]

Notable people

Transport

Road transport

National Highway 28 (NH-28) passes through the district. It is well connected to other cities by means of roadways. Passenger road transport services in Uttar Pradesh started in 1947 with the operation of bus service on the Lucknow–Barabanki route by UP Government Roadways.[94]

Railway

Both the Northern Railway and the North Eastern Railway pass through Barabanki district, with a total of 131km (81miles) of broad-gauge line and 19 stations.

Education

Schools and intermediate colleges

Engineering colleges

Polytechnic institute

Other professional institutions

Research institutions

Notes and References

  1. Web site: District Barabanki, Government of Uttar Pradesh Land of Dewa and Mahadeva India. 8 March 2021. en-US.
  2. Book: Gazetteer of the province of Oudh. BARA BANKI DISTRICT ARTICLE #226-263. 1877. 255.
  3. Web site: Geography District Barabanki, Government of Uttar Pradesh India. 1 January 2021. barabanki.nic.in/.
  4. Web site: District Statistics . Barabanki.nic.in . 1 April 1954 . 30 December 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110930012022/http://barabanki.nic.in/stat.htm . 30 September 2011 . dead .
  5. Book: Nevill . H.R. . Bara Banki: A Gazetteer, Being Volume XLVIII Of The District Gazetteers Of The United Provinces Of Agra And Oudh . 1903 . Government Press . Allahabad . 125–8, 162–3 . 15 April 2021.
  6. Book: Gazetteer of the province of Oudh. Oudh, William Charles Benett . 30 December 2013. Printed at the Oudh Government Press. 34. 1878.
  7. Book: Henry Crossley Irwin. The Garden of India; Or, Chapters on Oudh History and Affairs. October 2009. BiblioBazaar. 978-1-115-53816-9.
  8. Book: Wickens, Gerald E. . The Baobabs: Pachycauls of Africa, Madagascar and Australia . limited . Pat Lowe . 2008 . . 978-1-4020-6430-2 . 61 .
  9. Book: Kameshwar, G. . Bend in the Sarayu: A Soota Chronicle . 2006 . . 978-81-291-0942-2 . 159 .
  10. Book: Uttar Pradesh District Gazetteers: Bara Banki . 1993 . . 7625267 . 21 .
  11. Book: George Smith. The Geography of British India, Political & Physical. 1882. John Murray. 185.
  12. Web site: barabanki.nic.in, History, ORIGIN OF NAME OF DISTRICT . https://web.archive.org/web/20010421061033/http://www.barabanki.nic.in/introduction.htm . dead . 21 April 2001 . Barabanki.nic.in . 30 December 2013 .
  13. Book: Oudh (India). Gazetteer of the Province of Oudh ...: N-Z. 1878. Printed at the Oudh Government Press. en.
  14. Web site: History of Bisen Khanzada Community in Awadh region. 18 October 2018.
  15. https://books.google.com/books?id=rPGUcqr_aTEC&q=Bara+Banki&pg=RA1-PA28 Report of the regular settlement of the Bara Banki district
  16. Book: https://books.google.com/books?id=t_4IAAAAQAAJ&q=kintoor&pg=RA1-PR5 . The report on the census of OUDH], Volume II, Appendices and Statistical Tables . Appendix B . v . J. Charles . Williams . Oudh Government Press . 1869.
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  55. Web site: Pashmina Shawls Manufacturers, Exporter of Pashmina Shawls, Pure Pashmina Shawls Suppliers, India. www.barabankihandloom.com. 30 April 2022.
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