Bar topnotchers in the Philippines are bar examinees who garnered the highest bar exam grades in a particular year. Every year, the Supreme Court releases the bar top ten list. The list contains the names of bar examinees who obtained the ten highest grades. It is possible for more than ten examinees to place in the top ten because numerical ties in the computation of grades usually occur.[1]
From 1913 to 2019, schools which have produced bar topnotchers (1st placers) are as follows:[1]
Two bar examinees topped the bar exams without officially graduating from any Philippine law school:[1]
In the past, non-law school graduates were allowed to take the bar. However, the Revised Rules of Court and Supreme Court Circulars allow Filipino graduates of Philippine law schools (and subject to certain conditions, Filipino graduates of foreign law schools) to take the bar, necessarily excluding non-law graduates and foreigners who have law degrees from taking part in the exercise.[7]
While not a guarantee for topping the bar, academic excellence in law school is a good indicator of an examinee's fortune in the bar exams. Ateneo Law School's only summa cum laude graduate, Claudio Teehankee, placed number one in the 1940 Bar Exams.[1] It is worth noting that Teehankee's son, Manuel Antonio, followed in his footsteps by graduating at the top of his Ateneo Law School class (albeit, not as summa cum laude) and placing first in the 1983 bar exams. Claudio's nephew, Enrique (a cum laude graduate from the UP College of Law), also placed number one in the 1976 bar exams. Claudio eventually became Supreme Court Chief Justice, Manuel was formerly Department of Justice Undersecretary and Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the World Trade Organization in Geneva, Switzerland while Enrique is a successful private practitioner.
This father-son-nephew feat has yet to (and, perhaps, may never) be equalled in the annals of Philippine Bar. For siblings, the closest is when Manuel B. Zamora, Jr. placed third in the 1961 Bar Exams and younger brother Ronaldo placed first in the 1969 Bar Exams.
The UST Faculty of Civil Law's sole summa cum laude graduate, Roberto B. Concepcion, placed first in the 1924 Bar Exams.[1] He later served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
The San Beda College[8] of Law's sole magna cum laude graduate, Florenz Regalado,[9] [10] ranked 1st in the 1954 Bar exams with a mark of 96.70%. The record is the highest average in the Philippine Bar Examinations, to date. Regalado later served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court.
The UP College of Law (which has yet to produce a summa cum laude graduate) had five of its seventeen magna cum laude graduates (the College of Law first conferred the honor to Rafael Dinglasan in 1925 and, to date, last conferred the same honor to Dionne Marie Sanchez in 2007) place number one in their respective bar exams: Rafael Dinglasan in 1925, Lorenzo Sumulong in 1929, Deogracias Eufemio in 1962, Roberto San Jose in 1966 and Ronaldo Zamora in 1969.[1] Dinglasan became a Judge of the Court of First Instance of Manila, Sumulong became Senator of the Republic and a renowned statesman, Eufemio and San Jose established their respective successful private law practices while Zamora became Executive Secretary to then President Joseph Estrada and became Minority Leader in the House of Representatives.
The Office of the Bar Confidant releases an official Bar Topnotchers list together with the list of names of all successful bar examinees. The Bar Topnotchers list contains the names of the candidates who garnered the highest general averages in the bar exam for that year. The highest ranking candidate in the list is known as the bar topnotcher. The list has always been the subject of much media attention and public speculation.[11]
Making a place in the list is widely regarded as an important life achievement, an attractive professional qualification, and a necessary improvement in a lawyer's professional and social status.[11]
Below is a listing of all 106 first-placers (from 1913 to 2019) and can be rearranged from highest to lowest in terms of rating obtained. Bar ratings are not exactly comparable from year-to-year as the difficulty of the exams varies through the years. Two bar examinations took place in 1946, first in August to cover the absence of the examination the previous year and in November for the present year. There was a tie in first place in two occasions – in 1944 and in 1999.
Year | Name | Average | School | Hometown | Passing Percentage[12] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1901 | ||||||
1902 | ||||||
1903 | Jose L. Quintos | 96.33 | Escuela de Derecho/Manila Law College | 30.76% (4 out of 13)[13] | ||
1904 | ||||||
1905 | ||||||
1906 | ||||||
1907 | ||||||
1908 | ||||||
1909 | ||||||
1910 | ||||||
1911 | Jose Hontiveros | 98 | University of Santo Tomas | Tangalan, Capiz | ||
1912 | ||||||
1913 | 92 | |||||
1914 | Manuel C. Goyena | 93 | ||||
1915 | Francisco Villanueva, Jr. | 90 | ||||
1916 | Paulino Gullas | 93 | ||||
1917 | Felipe Ysmael | 92 | ||||
1918 | Alejo Labrador | 87 | San Narciso, Zambales | |||
1919 | Gregorio Anonas | 87 | Iba, Zambales | |||
1920 | Adolfo Brillantes | 84.1 | Escuela de Derecho/ Manila Law College | |||
1921 | Pablo C. Payawal | 89.1 | San Miguel, Bulacan | |||
1922 | Amando L. Velilla | 89.1 | ||||
1923 | Roque V. Desquitado | 90.9 | Bantayan, Cebu | |||
1924 | 89.1 | |||||
1925 | Rafael Dinglasan | 91.1 | ||||
1926 | Eugeniano Perez | 88.1 | ||||
1927 | Cesar Kintanar | 87.7 | ||||
1928 | Filomeno B. Pascual | 90.3 | ||||
1929 | 92.5 | |||||
1930 | 89.4 | Naga, Camarines Sur | ||||
1931 | Jose N. Leuterio | 89.4 | Boac, Marinduque | |||
1932 | 93 | |||||
1933 | Lope C. Quimbo | 92.45 | ||||
1934 | Marciano P. Catral | 89.7 | ||||
1935 | Enrique Estrellado | 91.7 | ||||
1936 | 89.85 | Lubao, Pampanga | ||||
1937 | 92.6 | |||||
1938 | 91.3 | |||||
1939 | 92.35 | |||||
1940 | 94.35 | |||||
1941 | Emmet P.D. Shea | 90.2 | ||||
1942-1943 | Cancelled due to World War II | |||||
1944 | 95.3 | |||||
Special Dispensation (non-degree holder) (University of Santo Tomas undergraduate) | ||||||
1945 | Cancelled due to Post-war Rehabilitation | |||||
1946 | Gregoria T. Cruz – (August 1946) | 92.25 | Manila, Metro Manila | 46.63% (97 out of 208) | ||
Pedro L. Yap – (November 1946) | 91.7 | 56.69% (271 out of 478) | ||||
1947 | 93.85 | 59.87% (428 out of 755) | ||||
1948 | Manuel G. Montecillo | 95.5 | 62.26% (561 out of 901) | |||
1949 | Anacleto C. Mañgaser | 95.85 | Caba, La Union | 56.14% (686 out of 1,222) | ||
1950 | 92.05 | Special (Colegio de San Agustin and University of the Philippines) | 31.92% (423 out of 1,325) | |||
1951 | Vicente R. Acsay | 92.25 | 57.19% (1.189 out of 2,079) | |||
1952 | Pedro Samson C. Animas | 94.25 | 62.02% (1,705 out of 2,749) | |||
1953 | Leonardo A. Amores | 94.05 | 72.42% (1,851 out of 2,556) | |||
1954 | 96.7 | Concepcion, Iloilo | 75.17% (2,409 out of 3,206) | |||
1955 | Tomas P. Matic, Jr. | 90.55 | Concepcion, Tarlac | 27.29% (815 out of 2,987) | ||
1956 | Francisco C. Catral | 90.2 | 62.60% (2,283 out of 3,647) | |||
1957 | Gregorio R. Castillo | 89.15 | Buhi, Camarines Sur | 19.77% (615 out of 3,110) | ||
1958 | Manuel G. Abello | 89.25 | Isabela, Negros Occidental | 21.97% (868 out of 3,951) | ||
1959 | Agustin O. Benitez | 89.2 | 21.21% (796 out of 3,754) | |||
1960 | Ismael Andres | 91.7 | Looc, Romblon | 39.9% (1,667 out of 4,178) | ||
1961 | Avelino V. Cruz | 90.95 | 19.34 (845 out of 4,370) | |||
1962 | Deogracias G. Eufemio | 90.8 | 19.4% (899 out of 4,635) | |||
1963 | Cornelio C. Gison | 86.35 | Arevalo, Iloilo City | 22.26% (1,213 out of 5,453) | ||
1964 | Jesus P. Castelo | 88.4 | San Isidro, Nueva Ecija | 25.09% (902 out of 3,596) | ||
1965 | Victor S. de la Serna | 89.8 | 32.66% (642 out of 1,965) | |||
1966 | Roberto V. San Jose | 90.6 | 36.71% (715 out of 1,947) | |||
1967 | 89.6 | 22.8% (411 out of 1,803) | ||||
1968 | Oscar B. Glovasa | 87.45 | 21.11% (347 out of 1,643) | |||
1969 | 87.3 | 28.6 (495 out of 1,731) | ||||
1970 | Romulo D. San Juan | 87.5 | San Jacinto, Masbate | 27.9% (491 out of 1,761) | ||
1971 | 92.4 | 33.84% (621 out of 1,835) | ||||
1972 | Januario B. Soller, Jr. | 87.13 | 26.68% (509 out of 1,907) | |||
1973 | Vicente R. Solis | 90.3 | 37.4% (610 out of 1,631) | |||
1974 | 91.65 | 35.02% (685 out of 1,956) | ||||
1975 | Nicanor B. Padilla, Jr. | 86.7 | 35.18% (686 out of 1,950) | |||
1976 | Enrique Y. Teehankee | 90.8 | 49.77% (926 out of 1,979) | |||
1977 | Virgilio B. Gesmundo | 91.8 | 60.56% (1,038 out of 1,714) | |||
1978 | Cosme D. Rosell | 92.475 | Daanbantayan, Cebu | 56.93% (1,076 out of 1,890) | ||
1979 | Gregorio M. Batiller, Jr. | 91.4 | 49.51% (903 out of 1,824) | |||
1980 | Rafael R. Lagos | 89.75 | 33.61% (605 out of 1,800) | |||
1981 | Irene Ragodon-Guevarra | 90.95 | 43.71% (787 out of 1,800) | |||
1982 | Ray C. Espinosa | 90.95 | 20.5% (432 out of 2,112) | |||
1983 | Manuel Antonio J. Teehankee | 91.4 | 21.3% (523 out of 2,455) | |||
1984 | Richard M. Chiu | 92.85 | 25.55% (638 out of 2,497) | |||
1985 | Janette Susan L. Peña | 89.4 | San Juan, Metro Manila | 25.78% (701 out of 2,719) | ||
1986 | Laurence L. Go | 88.6 | Pagadian, Zamboanga del Sur | 18.88% (493 out of 2,609) | ||
1987 | Mario P. Victoriano | 88.55 | Dumaguete, Negros Oriental | 17.90 (480 out of 2,682) | ||
1988 | Maria Yvette O. Navarro | 88.12 | Manila, Metro Manila | 24.40% (689 out of 2,824) | ||
1989 | 86.185 | Manila, Metro Manila | 21.26% (639 out of 3,006) | |||
1990 | 89.85 | 27.94% (866 out of 3,100) | ||||
1991 | Joseph P. San Pedro | 89.95 | 17.81% (569 out of 3,194) | |||
1992 | Jayme A. Sy, Jr. | 87 | Sagay, Negros Occidental | 17.25% (499 out of 2,892) | ||
1993 | Anna Leah Fidelis T. Castañeda | 88.325 | Manila, Metro Manila | 21.65% (725 out of 3,348) | ||
1994 | Francisco Noel R. Fernandez | 89.2 | Butuan, Agusan del Norte | 30.87% (1,030 out of 3,337) | ||
1995 | Leonor Y. Dicdican | 91.2 | Davao City, Davao del Sur | 30.90% (987 out of 3,194) | ||
1996 | Patricia-Ann T. Prodigalidad | 90.6 | Brooklyn, New York, US | 31.21% (1,217 out of 3,900) | ||
1997 | Ma. Cecilia H. Fernandez | 90.025 | Makati, Metro Manila | 18.11% (710 out of 3,921) | ||
1998 | 91.8 | Dagupan, Pangasinan | 39.63% (1,465 out of 3,697) | |||
1999 | Edwin R. Enrile | 88.5 | Naga, Camarines Sur | 16.59% (660 out of 3,978) | ||
Manila, Metro Manila | ||||||
2000 | Eliseo M. Zuñiga, Jr. | 90.6 | Mandaluyong, Metro Manila | 20.84% (979 out of 4,698) | ||
2001 | Rodolfo Ma. A. Ponferrada | 93.8 | 32.895 (1,266 out of 3,849) | |||
2002 | Arlene M. Maneja | 92.9 | Quezon City, Metro Manila | 19.86% (917 out of 4,659) | ||
2003 | Aeneas Eli S. Diaz | 88.53 | Sorsogon City, Sorsogon | 20.71% (1,108 out of 5,349) | ||
2004 | January A. Sanchez | 87.45 | Santa Maria, Bulacan | 31.61% (1,659 out of 5,249) | ||
2005 | Joan A. De Venecia | 87.2 | Dagupan, Pangasinan | 27.22% (1,526 out of 5,607) | ||
2006 | Noel Neil Q. Malimban | 87.6 | Baguio, Benguet | 30.6% (1,893 out of 6,187) | ||
2007 | Mercedita L. Ona | 83.55 | San Jose, Batangas | 22. 91% (1,289 out of 5,626) | ||
2008 | Judy A. Lardizabal | 85.7 | Imus, Cavite | 20.58 (1,310 out of 6.364) | ||
2009 | Reinier Paul R. Yebra | 84.8 | Daet, Camarines Norte | 24.58% (1,451 out of 5,093) | ||
2010 | Cesareo Antonio S. Singzon Jr. | 89 | Catbalogan, Samar | 20.26% (982 out of 4,847) | ||
2011 | Raoul Angelo D. Atadero | 85.536 | Quezon City, Metro Manila | 31.95& (1,913 out of 5,987) | ||
2012 | Ignatius Michael D. Ingles | 85.64 | Quezon City, Metro Manila | 17.76% (949 out of 5,343) | ||
2013 | Nielson G. Pangan | 85.8 | Manila, Metro Manila | 22.18% (1,174 out of 5,293) | ||
2014 | Irene Mae B. Alcobilla | 85.5 | San Remigio, Antique | 18.82% (1,126 out of 5,984) | ||
2015 | Rachel Angeli B. Miranda | 87.4 | Quezon City, Metro Manila | 26.21% (1,731 out of 7,146) | ||
2016 | Karen Mae L. Calam | 89.05 | Kalilangan, Bukidnon | 59.06% (3,747 out of 6,344) | ||
2017 | Mark John M. Simondo | 91.05 | Bacolod, Negros Occidental | 25.55% (1,724 out of 6,748) | ||
2018 | Sean James Borja | 89.306 | Muntinlupa, Metro Manila | 22.07% (1,800 out of 8,155) | ||
2019 | Mae Diane Azores | 91.049 | University of Santo Tomas–Legazpi | Legazpi City, Albay | 27.36% (2,103 out of 7,699) | |
2020 | Postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic [14] | |||||
2021 | None | 72.28% (8,241 out of 11,402) | ||||
2022 | Czar Matthew Dayday | 88.803 | University of the Philippines | 43.47% (3,992 out of 9,183) | ||
2023 | Ephraim P. Bie | 89.2625 | University of Santo Tomas | 36.77% (3,812 out of 10, 387) |
Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the Supreme Court En banc instituted bar reforms pro hac vice in conducting the 2020-2021 bar examinations, including:
Declaration of bar topnotchers is suspended. Examinees who obtain 85% or higher shall be recognized for exemplary performance.[18]
Jose Hontiveros obtained an average of 98% in 1911.[19] A standard was created in 1940, when Claudio Teehankee (future Supreme Court Chief Justice), from the Ateneo Law School, got a grade of 94.35% when he topped the examinations. This record was obliterated four years later in 1944 when Jovito Salonga and Jose W. Diokno tied with the highest score of 95.3%. This was the first time that first place ended in a tie. When they took the 1944 Bar Exams, Atty. Salonga was an undergraduate at the UP College of Law while Atty. Diokno (future Senator) was an undergraduate of the University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Civil Law. After passing the bar, Atty. Salonga (future Senate President) went back to UP to complete his bachelor's degree in law, earning it in 1946. The only other instance of a tie at the first place in the bar exams was when Edwin Enrile (salutatorian of his Ateneo Law School class) and Florin Hilbay (an honor student of the UP College of Law) both garnered the same score in 1999. Atty. Enrile served as Deputy Executive Secretary to President Gloria Arroyo and as a Professorial Lecturer at the Ateneo Law School.[2] Atty. Hilbay served as the Solicitor General from 2014 to 2016 and is the current dean of the Siliman University College of Law.[20] After another four years, the "bar" was raised a few notches when Manuel G. Montecillo of the Far Eastern University Institute of Law got a grade of 95.50% when he bested all the bar examinees of 1948. The following year, another record was set when Anacleto C. Mañgaser, an alumnus of the Philippine Law School, got a grade of 95.85% when he topped the 1949 bar exams.
The lowest grade was obtained by Ateneo Law School's Mercedita L. Ona, 83.55%, 2007, which erased the prior record of 84.10%, obtained by Adolfo Brillantes of Escuela de Derecho de Manila (now Manila Law College Foundation) in 1920.[1] [21] Atty. Ona was just the latest of women's first placers. In 1930, Tecla San Andres (an alumna of the UP College of Law and future Senator) broke the proverbial "glass ceiling" when she became the first woman to top the bar with a grade of 89.4%. Ameurfina A. Melencio (also an alumna of the UP College of Law and who later became a Justice of the Supreme Court) has the highest grade of all-female bar topnotchers in recorded history when she obtained a 93.85% rating in 1947.
Prominent lawyers who made the bar top ten include:[22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31]