Banksia borealis explained

Banksia borealis is a species of sprawling shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has leaves with sharply pointed lobes on each side, between thirty and fifty flowers in a gold-coloured spike and egg-shaped fruit. There are two subspecies occurring in two disjunct areas.

Description

Banksia borealis is a sprawling shrub that typically grows to a height of and forms a lignotuber, or a shrub to that does not form a lignotuber. The stems have soft hairs held close to the surface. The leaves are broadly linear in outline, long and wide on a petiole up to long, with between five and twelve sharply pointed lobes on each side. Between thirty and fifty flowers are borne in a spike on the end of short side branches, each flower with a hairy, golden perianth long, the pistil long. Flowering occurs from July to November and the fruit is a hairy, egg-shaped follicle long.[1] [2]

Taxonomy and naming

This banksia was first formally described in 1996 by Alex George in the journal Nuytsia and given the name Dryandra borealis from specimens he collected in 1966, near the road between Kalbarri and Ajana.[3] In 2007, Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele transferred all the dryandras to the genus Banksia and this species became Banksia borealis.[4] [5] The specific epithet (borealis) is a Latin word meaning "northern"[6] referring to the distribution of this species, the most northerly of all the dryandras.

In the same journal, George described two subspecies of Dryandra borealis, later moved to Banksia by Mast and Thiele, and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:

Distribution and habitat

Banksia borealis occurs in two disjunct areas of Western Australia. Subspecies borealis is relatively common and grows in Kwongan between Kalbarri, Northampton and Yuna. Subspecies elatior is only known from a few small populations near Three Springs where it grows in tall scrub and low woodland.

Conservation status

Subspecies borealis is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife, but subspecies elatior is classified as "Priority Three" meaning that it is poorly known and known from only a few locations but is not under imminent threat.[9]

Notes and References

  1. George. Alex S.. New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra R.Br.. Nuytsia. 1996. 10. 3. 343–345.
  2. Book: George . Alex S. . Flora of Australia . 17B . 1999 . Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra . Canberra . 283 . 14 April 2020.
  3. Web site: Dryandra borealis. APNI. 8 April 2020.
  4. Web site: Banksia borealis. APNI. 8 April 2020.
  5. Mast. Austin R.. Thiele. Kevin. The transfer of Dryandra R.Br. to Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae). Australian Systematic Botany. 2013. 20. 1. 63–71. 10.1071/SB06016.
  6. Book: William T. Stearn . William T. Stearn . Botanical Latin. History, grammar, syntax, terminology and vocabulary . 1992 . Timber Press . Portland, Oregon . 4th. 377.
  7. Web site: Banksia borealis subsp. borealis . Australian Plant Census . 8 April 2020.
  8. Web site: Banksia borealis subsp. elatior . Australian Plant Census . 8 April 2020.
  9. Web site: Conservation codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna. Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife. 8 April 2020.