| Banharn Silpa-archa | |
| Native Name Lang: | th |
| Nationality: | Thai |
| Office1: | 21st Prime Minister of Thailand |
| Monarch1: | Bhumibol Adulyadej |
| Term Start1: | 13 July 1995 |
| Term End1: | 24 November 1996 |
| Predecessor1: | Chuan Leekpai |
| Successor1: | Chavalit Yongchaiyudh |
| Office2: | Leader of the Opposition |
| Primeminister2: | Chuan Leekpai |
| Term Start2: | 27 May 1994 |
| Term End2: | 19 May 1995 |
| Predecessor2: | Pramarn Adireksarn |
| Successor2: | Chuan Leekpai |
| Office3: | Minister of Transport |
| Primeminister3: | Suchinda Kraprayoon |
| Term Start3: | 7 April 1992 |
| Term End3: | 9 June 1992 |
| Predecessor3: | Nukul Prachuabmoh |
| Successor3: | Nukul Prachuabmoh |
| Primeminister4: | Prem Tinsulanonda |
| Term Start4: | 5 August 1986 |
| Term End4: | 3 August 1988 |
| Predecessor4: | Samak Sundaravej |
| Successor4: | Montri Pongpanich |
| Office5: | Minister of Finance |
| Primeminister5: | Chatichai Choonhavan |
| Term Start5: | 14 December 1990 |
| Term End5: | 23 February 1991 |
| Predecessor5: | Veeraopng Ramangkoon |
| Successor5: | Sutee Singsane |
| Office6: | Minister of Interior |
| Primeminister6: | Chatichai Choonhavan |
| Term Start6: | 9 January 1990 |
| Term End6: | 9 December 1990 |
| Predecessor6: | Pramarn Adireksarn |
| Successor6: | Pramarn Adireksarn |
| Office7: | Minister of Industry |
| Primeminister7: | Chatichai Choonhavan |
| Term Start7: | 3 March 1988 |
| Term End7: | 9 January 1990 |
| Predecessor7: | Pramual Sabhavasu |
| Successor7: | Pramarn Adireksarn |
| Office8: | Minister of Agriculture and Cooperatives |
| Primeminister8: | Prem Tinsulanonda |
| Term Start8: | 3 March 1980 |
| Term End8: | 4 March 1981 |
| Predecessor8: | Kriangsak Chamanan |
| Successor8: | Arnat Arpapirom |
| Birth Name: | Tekchiang Saebe |
| Birth Date: | 19 August 1932 |
| Birth Place: | Doem Bang Nang Buat, Suphan Buri, Thailand |
| Death Place: | Siriraj Piyamaharajkarun Hospital, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok, Thailand |
| Spouse: | Jamsai Silpa-archa |
| Party: | Thai Nation (Chart Thai) (1974–2008) Chart Thai Pattana (2009–2016) |
| Signature: | ลายเซ็น บรรหาร ศิลปอาชา ภาษาอังกฤษ.png |
| Allegiance: | Thailand |
| Branch: | Volunteer Defense Corps |
| Rank: | VDC Gen. (Honour Rank) |
| Serviceyears: | 1990-2016[1] |
Banharn Silpa-archa[2] [3] (Thai: บรรหาร ศิลปอาชา,, in Thai pronounced as /ban.hǎːn sǐn.lá.pà.ʔaː.t͡ɕʰaː/; ; 19 August 1932 – 23 April 2016) was a Thai politician. He was the Prime Minister of Thailand from 1995 to 1996. Banharn made a fortune in the construction business before he became a Member of Parliament representing his home province of Suphan Buri. He held different cabinet posts in several governments. In 1994, he became the leader of the Thai Nation Party. In 2008, the party was dissolved by the Constitutional Court and Banharn was banned from politics for five years.
Banharn was born on 19 August 1932 in Suphan Buri to a Teochew Chinese merchant family.[4] His birth name was Tekchiang Saebe (;[5] Thai: เต็กเชียง แซ่เบ๊). He married Khunying Jamsai Silpa-archa and they have three children.[4]
Banharn dropped out of secondary school during World War II. He went to work with his older brother, then founded his own building company. Years later, when he was a politician, he completed his education at the open admissions Ramkhamhaeng University, graduating with a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1986, and finally a Master of Laws.
Banharn's construction company was very successful in the 1960s, when large sums were invested in major infrastructure projects, including military facilities. His business made Banharn a billionaire.
Banharn Silpa-archa was persuaded to enter politics by Booneua Prasertsuwan, a veteran member of the House of Representatives.[6] In 1976, Banharn Silpa-archa made his political debut when he was elected a Member of Parliament, representing Suphan Buri Province. He joined the Thai Nation Party, a conservative party dominated by the "Rajakru clan" around Pramarn Adireksarn and Chatichai Choonhavan. His party participated in a coalition government under Prime Minister Seni Pramoj and Banharn was appointed deputy minister of industry. He was elected to the Senate in 1977, but returned to represent his constituency in the House of Representatives the next year. Banharn was re-elected Member of Parliament for Suphan Buri in all following elections, receiving steadily more than 100,000 votes (60 to 90 percent of the votes cast), which made him one of the highest vote-getters in the country.
He sponsored the construction of schools, bridges, and other infrastructure in his home province, which in turn were named after him. This has led to the common saying that he "owns the province". When his party was a junior partner in the government of Prem Tinsulanonda from 1980 to 1983, Banharn was Minister of Agriculture. In 1981, he became secretary-general of the Thai Nation Party. Banharn, being one of the main financiers of the party, accumulated considerable influence inside the party, although he was not a member of the originally dominant Rajakru clan. The local press has once dubbed him "Mr. (Mobile) ATM" (automated teller machine), due to the suspicion that he had bought the loyalty of political associates in exchange for money.
In 1986 Prime Minister Prem again called him up to the government, this time naming him Minister of Transport. After his party had won the elections in 1988 and Thai Nation leader Chatichai Choonhavan had become Prime Minister, Banharn was appointed Minister of Industry. In January 1990, he switched offices with Pramarn Adireksarn and became interior minister. In December of the same year, Chatichai made him Minister of Finance. The Chatichai government was deposed by a military coup d'état in 1991. Banharn returned to the cabinet as early as April 1992, when he once again became Minister of Transport in the short-lived government of General Suchinda Kraprayoon. His party went into opposition after early elections in September 1992. Banharn took over the leadership of the Thai Nation Party from Pramarn Adireksarn in 1994 and also became official leader of the opposition.[4]
Under the leadership of Banharn, the Thai Nation Party won the parliamentary election in 1995, and he became the 21st Prime Minister of Thailand, leading a seven-party coalition. Banharn was involved in numerous corruption scandals, one of which diminished confidence in his administration and caused him to resign. His short-lived yet inept administration is believed to have paved the way for the economic crisis of 1997.
On 21 January 2008, Banharn announced that his Thai Nation Party would join a coalition with the People's Power Party, successor to the Thai Rak Thai Party of former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra. Because he had earlier vowed before the Emerald Buddha never to rejoin Thaksin because of the corruption scandals, this move reinforced Banharn's image as a "slippery eel".
Upon the dissolution of his Thai Nation Party by the Constitutional Court on 2 December 2008, Banharn Silpa-archa was banned from politics for five years. Non-executive members of the Thai Nation Party immediately founded the Chartthaipattana Party (Thai National Development), chaired by Banharn's younger brother, Chumpol Silpa-archa. Chumphol was Minister of Tourism and Sports in the cabinet of Abhisit Vejjajiva. His son Varawut was deputy transport minister, and his daughter Kanchana was deputy education minister.
Banharn died of asthma on the morning of 23 April 2016 at Siriraj Piyamaharajkarun Hospital at the age of 83.
On 23 April 2019, a bronze statue of Banharn Silpa-archa was opening in the vicinity of the province's city shrine by the donations of Suphanburi people and the Silpa-archa family contributed to the remaining part to commemorate the things that Banharn has done for Suphanburi Province for over 40 years.[7] [8]
Banharn has received the following royal decorations in the Honours System of Thailand:
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun
Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG)[9]
Japan
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