| Official Name: | Baneh |
| Native Name: | fa|بانه |
| Settlement Type: | City |
| Pushpin Map: | Iran#Iran Kurdistan |
| Coordinates: | 35.9969°N 45.8853°W |
| Coordinates Footnotes: | [1] |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | Iran |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province |
| Subdivision Type2: | County |
| Subdivision Type3: | District |
| Subdivision Name1: | Kurdistan |
| Subdivision Name2: | Baneh |
| Subdivision Name3: | Central |
| Area Total Km2: | 1584.5 |
| Elevation M: | 1554 |
| Population Total: | 110218 |
| Population As Of: | 2016 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Area Code: | 087-342 |
| Timezone: | IRST |
| Utc Offset: | +3:30 |
Baneh (fa|بانه) is a city in the Central District of Baneh County, Kurdistan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[2] Baneh is approximately 30 km (18 miles) from Kurdistan Region in Iraq.
Historically, Baneh had a strategic and political importance due to its close proximity to the Ottoman Empire. The city was part of the three Kurdish principalities; Ardalan, Baban and Mokryan.[3]
The old city had two citadels and was generally ruled by the Eḵtīār-al-Dīn family who held both religious and secular power of the city. The family was held in high esteem during the Safavid era and received the title 'sultan'. Moreover, rulers of Baneh had the responsibility of protecting the whole area from Khoy to Kermanshah. In the 16th century, Mīrzā Beg b. Mīr Moḥammad became the first virtually independent ruler of Baneh and its surroundings.
During the 18th and 19th centuries, the city was plagued with epidemics which killed a large portion of the population. In 1944, the city experienced turmoil as part of the Hama Rashid revolt and was also bombed by both parties during the Iran–Iraq War in the 1980s. Most locals fled to Iraq during the war and much of the region was destroyed.
The population is mostly Shafiʽi Kurdish who speak Sorani.
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 69,635 in 15,857 households.[4] The following census in 2011 counted 85,190 people in 22,149 households.[5] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 110,218 people in 30,743 households.[6] After the cities of Sanandaj, Saqqez and Marivan, Baneh is the fourth most populous city in Kurdistan province.