Balawaristan Explained

Balawaristan (Urdu: {{nq|بلاورستان,), is a term used for the historical region forming present-day Gilgit-Baltistan .The modern term was coined by the political party Balawaristan National Front, founded by Nawaz Khan Naji, in 1989. But it has its roots in the historical names Broshal, Dardistan and Bolor or Boloristan, with documented usage in Chinese sources from the 8th century AD.[1] According to the present day activists, 'Balawaristan' includes Chitral, Gilgit, Skardu, Hunza, Nagar, Ishkoman, Punial and Yasin (see Districts of Gilgit-Baltistan). The leader of BNF Nawaz Khan Naji declared that Balawaristan (Gilgit-Baltistan) is not part of Kashmir[2]

Etymology

Balors means "highlanders", it is believed to have come from "Bala" meaning high or upper. ***(Bala which means high or upper is an Urdu word - Urdu speakers were not present in 8th century. Also in Shina language there are several words which are in Urdu language, like: kha, pi, etc.) The oldest mother tongue language was Burushaski in the region and there was no any word like bolor (But yes the word 'bilawar' in Burushaski means a kitchen item) The rest of the contents has no significance and published without roots.*** Thus it means land of highlanders.[3]

Historically, the Baltistan region was called "Great Bolor" and Dardistan and parts of Brooshal (e.g. Gilgit Valley) were called "Little Bolor."[4] Great Boloristan is known to have sent ambassadors to the Chinese court in the 8th century. The Mons, an Indo-Aryan group, made the region as a hub of Buddhism.

Chinese historian Faxian mentioned it as Pololo or Palolo, Tibetans called it Nang-khod, where Arab historians mentioned it as Baloristan, moreover Theodre Foster in his The London Quarterly Review has stated that to Muslim geographers the name of the region was not known, use of the name in very rare cases is found.[5] Phunchok Stobdan says Mughal historian called it Tibet-i-Khurd.[6] The people of this region though belonging to various ethnicities, have historically been referred to as Balors, which means the highlanders or mountain people, a reference to the high-altitudes prevalent in this area. An alternative theory links the name to a mythic ancient king called Bolor Shah, who had first united the region and from whom local rulers in turn often claimed descent.

Political status movements

See main article: Balawaristan National Front. In more recent times, the name Balawaristan is found used by Gilgiti political party like Balawaristan National Front led by Nawaz Khan Naji. The party is seeking to declare Gilgit-Baltistan as the fifth province of Pakistan.[7] The party has been represented in the Gilgit-Baltistan Legislative Assembly by a single member, the aforementioned Nawaz Khan Naji, since 2011.[8] [9] [10]

Education

The Balawaristan National Students Organisation, in April 2008, raised a demand for Balawaristan to be constituted into the fifth province of Pakistan (the other four are Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa).

See also

Bibliography

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Notes and References

  1. Anthropos . 79 . 1–6 . 1984. 2009-01-24. Anthropos . A more indigenous label for the same territory is Bolor (or Boloristan); this designation had appeared in Chinese sources already in the 8th century. .
  2. Web site: Contested status Political Economy thenews.com.pk. 2021-04-30. www.thenews.com.pk. en.
  3. Book: Minahan. James B.. Ethnic groups of South Asia and the Pacific: an encyclopedia. 2012. ABC-CLIO. Santa Barbara, Calif.. 978-1-59884-659-1. 19.
  4. Journal of Central Asia . 2 . 1 . https://books.google.com/books?id=3HpxAAAAMAAJ. 1979 . Centre for the Study of the Civilizations of Central Asia . The eastern half, Great Bolor, could afford to send several embassies to the Chinese court during the first half of the 8th century. 2009-01-29.
  5. Foster . Theodore . The London Quarterly Review . Leonard Scott.. Volumi 119-120. en. 1866.
  6. Book: Tikoo. Tej K. Kashmir: Its Aborigines and Its Exodus. Lancer LLC.
  7. Web site: Ali . Manzoor . Gilgit-Baltistan shocker: Nationalist candidate wins Ghizer by-poll – The Express Tribune . 29 April 2011 . Tribune.com.pk . 2012-05-31. Naji said that the federal government should declare Gilgit-Baltistan a province of Pakistan, give its people representation in the National Assembly and Senate, and extend the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court to the region.
  8. Web site: 29 April 2011. Nawaz Khan Naji wins G-B by-elections. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160322172815/http://tribune.com.pk/story/159111/nawaz-khan-naji-wins-g-b-by-elections/. 22 March 2016. 18 November 2020. Nawaz Khan Naji wins G-B by-elections | The Express Tribune. The Express Tribune. "Nawaz Khan Naji from the Balawarastan National Front won the Gilgit-Baltistan Legislative Assembly by-elections in the L-A 19 constituency of Ghazar on Friday.".
  9. Web site: 2009–2015. GBLA ELECTIONS-2009. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201118232019/http://ecgb.gov.pk/download/contested%202009.pdf. 18 November 2020. 18 November 2020. contested 2009.pdf. ELECTION COMMISSION GILGIT -BALTISTAN.
  10. Web site: 6 June 2011. Nawaz Khan Naji takes oath of GBLA membership. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190922124710/https://pamirtimes.net/2011/06/07/nawaz-khan-naji-takes-oath-of-gbla-membership/. 22 September 2019. 18 November 2020. Nawaz Khan Naji takes oath of GBLA membership - PAMIR TIMES. Pamir Times.