Ballot access in the 2024 United States presidential election explained

In the 2024 United States presidential election, different laws and procedures govern whether or not a candidate or political party is entitled to appear on voters' ballots.[1] Under Article 2, Section 1 of the United States Constitution, laws about election procedure are established and enforced by the states.[2] Additionally, there are often different requirements for primary and general elections, and requirements for primary elections may additionally differ by party.

Additionally, the filing requirements to appear on the ballot often differ between parties and independents, leading some independents such as Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to create a party to get on the ballot in states where the requirement is lower for party-sponsored candidates. Conversely, parties like the Libertarians and Greens will have their nominee petition as an independent in states where such a route is less restrictive.[3]

Maps

All maps are current as of July 13, 2024.

Deadlines

All dates are in the year 2024 unless otherwise stated.

Deadlines for ballot access in the 2024 United States presidential election
(as of August 18, 2024)
StateMinor party[4] Independent[5] Write-in
AL Automatic[6]
AK No write-ins[7]
AZ [8]
AR No write-ins
CA [9]
CO [10] [11]
CT N/A[12]
DE N/A[13]
DC TBD[14]
FL N/A[15]
GA [16] [17]
HI No write-ins
ID [18]
IL N/A[19]
IN N/A[20]
IA N/AAutomatic
KS [21]
KY N/A[22]
LA N/ANo write-ins
ME N/A[23]
MD [24]
MA N/A[25]
MI [26]
MN [27]
MS N/ANo write-ins
MO [28]
MT [29] [30]
NE N/A[31]
NV No write-ins
NH Automatic
NJ N/AAutomatic
NM TBDNo write-ins
NY N/A[32]
NC [33]
ND N/A[34]
OH [35] [36]
OK No write-ins
OR TBDAutomatic
PA N/AAutomatic
RI Automatic
SC No write-ins
SD No write-ins
TN [37]
TX [38]
UT [39]
VT N/AAutomatic
VA N/A[40]
WA N/APoll closure[41]
WV N/A[42]
WI [43]
WY Automatic

General election

The following is a table for which parties and independent candidates have received presidential ballot access in which states.

indicates that the party or candidate is on the ballot in 2024. indicates that the party or candidate has credibly finished petitioning for the ballot awaiting certification. indicates that the state has automatic write-in access.

indicates that the candidate is a recognized write-in candidate.

indicates that the party or candidate did not register for any ballot access for 2024 before the deadline, but may still file as a write-in.

Parties not expected to field candidates for president and parties without presidential ballot access will not be included.

-- INFO ABOUT OTHER PARTIES-->+Ballot access in the 2024 United States presidential election
State / electorsNominated parties and independents
AL 9 <--Kennedy-->
AK 3 <--Green-->
AZ 11
AR 6 <--Kennedy-->
CA 54
CO 10
CT 7 <--Green--> <--Kennedy-->
DE 3 <--Constitution-->
DC 3<--Kennedy-->
FL 30
GA 16
HI 4
ID 4<--Kennedy-->
IL 19 <--Kennedy-->
IN 11
IA 6<--De la Cruz-->
KS 6 <--Kennedy-->
KY 8
LA 8
ME 4
MD 10 <--Green--> <--Kennedy-->
MA 11 <--Green--> <--Kennedy--> <--De la Cruz-->
MI 15
MN 10 <--West-->
MS 6
MO 10
MT 4 <--Kennedy-->
NE 5 <--Green-->
NV 6 <--Kennedy-->
NH 4<--Const.--> <--Green--> <--Kennedy--><--Libertarian-->
NJ 14 <---West--->
NM 5
NY 28
NC 16

Ballot access in ten states or fewer

Party Presidential
candidate		Vice presidential
candidate		States on Ballot
Certified PendingWrite-in
Dennis Richter 4 (37) 1 (11)7 (53)
American Solidarity PartyPeter SonskiLauren Onak4 (35)011 (121)
IndependentShiva AyyaduraiCrystal Ellis3 (28)2 (14)8 (66)
2 (26) 1 (15) 8 (56)
IndependentRichard DuncanMitch Bupp1 (17)09 (70)
Rik Combs 3 (16) 0 9 (70)
James Carroll 1 (12) 0 9 (70)
Approval Voting PartyBlake HuberAndrea Denault1 (10)09 (70)
IndependentChris GarrityCody Ballard1 (7)010 (74)
Prohibition PartyMichael WoodJohn Pietrowski1 (6)09 (70)
IndependentLucifer "Justin Case" EveryloveTBA1 (6)09 (70)
Green Party of AlaskaJasmine ShermanTanda Blubear1 (3)09 (70)
Pirate PartyVermin SupremeJonathan Realz1 (3)09 (70)

Ballot access in five states or fewer, nominee expected

The following parties are expected to run a candidate for president and vice president, or have done so in the past.

Controversies

New York

In 2020 the state of New York tightened its ballot access prerequisites, among other things raising the threshold for parties to automatically qualify onto the ballot and for candidates to independently petition onto it. In a separate issue, Kennedy's petition was denied by a state judge for using a false address. As a result the state is the only one where all 3rd party or independent candidates have failed to qualify to be on the ballot.[48] [49]

Republican primary

Chris Christie Maine qualification controversy

Former Governor of New Jersey Chris Christie failed to make the Maine primary ballot, as he did not submit the required 2,000 signatures to the Secretary of State by the November 20 deadline. Christie attempted to appeal the decision, but the Maine Superior Court upheld the secretary's ruling.[50]

Democratic primary

Florida controversy

See main article: 2024 United States presidential election in Florida. On November 30, 2023, the Florida Democratic Party only submitted Joe Biden's name to the secretary of state. Candidates can be placed on the ballot either by petition, or having the party submit their name to the secretary of state.[51] As his name was the only one on the ballot, the Democratic primary was cancelled under Florida law. Democratic presidential candidate Dean Phillips heavily criticized the decision, stating "Americans would expect the absence of democracy in Tehran, not Tallahassee."[52] A lawsuit attempting to place Phillips as well as Marianne Williamson and Cenk Uygur candidates was lost in district court.[53]

Tennessee controversy

See main article: 2024 Tennessee Democratic presidential primary. Tennessee secretary of state Tre Hargett only certified Joe Biden's name for the Democratic primary ballot.[54] Dean Phillips's petition to be placed on the ballot was rejected, as he did not collect enough valid signatures.[55] As voters are still able to vote for Uncommitted as well as write-in candidates, the primary still took place.[56] Joe Biden won the Tennessee primary against Uncommitted by 84 percentage points.[57]

Republican primary

Candidates listed in italics have suspended their campaigns.

Third party primaries

Green primary

See also

References

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Ballot access . February 16, 2019 . www.ballotpedia.org.
  2. Encyclopedia: Ballot Access . The First Amendment Encyclopedia . Middle Tennessee State University . Murfreesboro, Tennessee . February 16, 2019 . Baracskay . Daniel.
  3. Web site: Welch . Matt . February 2, 2024 . Presidential ballot will be crowded with third party candidates . February 2, 2024 . Reason.com . en-US.
  4. Web site: Minor party presidential ballot access, 2024 . Ballotpedia . March 30, 2024.
  5. Web site: Deadline to run for president, 2024 . Ballotpedia.
  6. Web site: Write-in candidate . ballotpedia.org . February 13, 2024.
  7. Web site: Alaska Admin Code 6 AAC 25.069 . akleg.gov . February 13, 2024.
  8. Web site: Running for U.S. President in Arizona - A Candidate Guide . azsos.gov . February 13, 2024.
  9. Web site: California . nass.org . February 13, 2024.
  10. Web site: Petition Nomination. sos.state.co.us. July 11, 2024.
  11. Web site: Write-In . sos.state.co.us . February 13, 2024.
  12. Web site: REGISTRATION OF WRITE-IN CANDIDACY FOR PRESIDENT/VICE-PRESIDENT . ct.gov . February 13, 2024.
  13. Web site: TITLE 15 Elections Primary Elections and Nominations of Candidates CHAPTER 34. Write-In Candidates . Delaware Code . February 13, 2024.
  14. Web site: Code of the District of Columbia § 1–1001.08 . DC Council . February 13, 2024.
  15. Web site: 99.061 Method of qualifying for nomination or election to federal, state, county, or district office.— . Online Sunshine . February 13, 2024.
  16. Web site: 2024 ELECTION CALENDAR AND HIGHLIGHTS . Office of the Secretary of State Elections Division . March 23, 2024.
  17. Web site: 2010 Georgia Code TITLE 21 - ELECTIONS CHAPTER 2 - ELECTIONS AND PRIMARIES GENERALLY ARTICLE 4 - SELECTION AND QUALIFICATION OF CANDIDATES AND PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS PART 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS § 21-2-133 - Giving notice of intent of write-in candidacy; filing of affidavit; limitations on candidacy; certification of candidates . Justia . February 13, 2024.
  18. Web site: TITLE 34 ELECTIONS CHAPTER 7 NOMINATIONS — CONVENTIONS — PRIMARY ELECTIONS . Idaho Legislature . February 13, 2024.
  19. Web site: Write-in Candidates . Kane County Clerk . February 13, 2024.
  20. Web site: Candidate Information . Indiana Secretary of State . May 14, 2021 . February 13, 2024.
  21. Web site: Kansas Statutes . Kansas Revisor . February 13, 2024.
  22. Web site: POTENTIAL CANDIDATES . Kentucky Secretary of State . February 13, 2024.
  23. Web site: §722-A. Determination of declared write-in candidate . Maine Revised Statutes . February 13, 2024.
  24. Web site: Write-in Candidate information . maryland.gov . July 17, 2024.
  25. Web site: Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Massachusetts . Ballotpedia . February 13, 2024.
  26. Web site: CHAPTER 4 WRITE-IN CANDIDATE . Election Officials' Manual . February 13, 2024.
  27. Web site: Write-in Candidates . Minnesota Secretary of State . February 13, 2024.
  28. Web site: Write-In Candidates . Missouri Secretary of State . February 13, 2024.
  29. Web site: Independent Or Minor Party Candidates For President Or Vice President . Montana Code Annotated 2023 . June 2, 2024.
  30. Web site: Write-In Candidate Information . Montana Secretary of State - Christi Jacobsen . February 22, 2018 . February 13, 2024.
  31. Web site: Nebraska Revised Statute 32-615 . Nebraska Legislature . February 13, 2024.
  32. Web site: STATE OF NEW YORK 2023 ELECTION LAW . ny.gov . February 13, 2024.
  33. Web site: G.S. 163-123 Page 1 § 163-123. Declaration of intent and petitions for write-in candidates in partisan elections. . North Carolina Legislature . February 13, 2024.
  34. Web site: 16.1-12-02.2. Certificate of candidacy by write-in candidates. . N Dakota Legislature . February 13, 2024.
  35. News: Winger . Richard . Ohio Governor Signs Bill Relaxing Deadline for Parties to Certify the Names of their National Tickets . June 4, 2024 . Ballot Access News . June 2, 2024.
  36. Web site: Section 3513.041 Write-in votes. . Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules . February 13, 2024.
  37. Web site: Certificate of Write-In Candidacy State of Tennessee . Tennessee Secretary of State . February 13, 2024.
  38. Web site: Texas Statutes . Texas Capitol . February 13, 2024.
  39. Web site: Utah Legislature . Utah Code Page 1 Part 6 Write-in Candidates . February 13, 2024.
  40. Web site: Candidate Bulletins . Virginia Department of Elections . February 13, 2024.
  41. Web site: Write-in voting—Candidates, declaration. . Washington State Legislature . February 13, 2024.
  42. Web site: Write-In Candidate Guide . West Virginia Secretary of State . February 13, 2024.
  43. Web site: Wisconsin Statutes . Wisconsin State Legislature . February 13, 2024.
  44. Web site: Luchini . Chris . The Libertarian Party of New Mexico (LPNM) Announces Its Independence from the LNC . Libertarian Party of New Mexico . August 26, 2022 . August 25, 2022.
  45. Web site: Directory of Political Parties and Designations . MA SOS . May 11, 2024.
  46. Web site: Political Parties and Groups in Alaska . Division of Elections State of Alaska . March 22, 2024.
  47. Web site: Minor Parties in Connecticut . CT.gov . May 31, 2024.
  48. Web site: McAfee . David . Libertarian Party Sues Over N.Y.'s New Ballot Access Requisites . Bloomberg Law . August 15, 2024.
  49. News: McFadden . Alice . Where R.F.K. Jr. and Independent Presidential Candidates Are On the Ballot . The New York Times . April 29, 2024 . August 15, 2024.
  50. News: Kazarian. Grace. Woodall. Hunter. Judge keeps Chris Christie off Maine's Republican primary ballot. December 23, 2023 . CBS News . December 21, 2023.
  51. News: Greenwood . Max . 'No conspiracy.' Florida Democrats explain cancellation of state presidential primary 'No conspiracy.' Florida Democrats explain cancellation of state presidential primary . April 16, 2024 . Miami Herald . December 5, 2023.
  52. News: Paybarah . Azi . Florida Democratic Party says Biden is the only candidate, angering rivals . April 16, 2024 . Washington Post . December 1, 2023.
  53. Web site: Fineout . Gary . January 12, 2024 . Federal judge rejects attempt to place Dean Phillips on Florida primary ballot . April 16, 2024 . POLITICO . en.
  54. Web site: Secretary of State Tre Hargett Certifies Presidential Candidates for 2024 Super Tuesday Ballot . TN SOS . April 16, 2024.
  55. News: Schelzig . Erik . Tennessee rejects Dean Phillips' bid to be listed among Democratic presidential candidates . April 16, 2024 . The Tennessee Journal . April 16, 2024.
  56. Web site: September 4, 2023 . TENNESSEE DELEGATE SELECTION PLAN FOR THE 2024 DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL CONVENTION . January 25, 2024 . Tennessee Democratic Party.
  57. Web site: March 5, 2024 Democratic Presidential Preference Primary. Tennessee Secretary of State. March 28, 2024.

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