| Official Name: | Bala Murghab |
| Native Name: | بالامرغاب |
| Settlement Type: | City |
| Pushpin Map: | Afghanistan |
| Pushpin Label Position: | bottom |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in Afghanistan |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | Afghanistan |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province |
| Subdivision Name1: | Badghis |
| Subdivision Type2: | District |
| Subdivision Name2: | Bala Murghab |
| Government Type: | Tribal |
| Leader Title: | Mayor |
| Leader Name: | Muhammad Lewal |
| Unit Pref: | Imperial |
| Population Blank1 Title: | Ethnicities |
| Population Blank2 Title: | Religions |
| Timezone: | + 4.30 |
| Coordinates: | 35.5803°N 63.3278°W |
| Elevation M: | 474 |
Bala Murghab (Persian/Pushto; Pashto: بالامرغاب) is a city in the Badghis province of northwestern Afghanistan, located on the Murghab River. It is the district center for the Bala Murghab District. Bala Murghab is the largest city of Badghis Province, while Bala Murghab District, with a population of 109,381, is also the most populous district of the province. Close to Bala Murghab lie the ruins of the medieval city Marw al-Rudh, the historical capital of the medieval region of Gharjistan. Throughout the War in Afghanistan, it was heavily contested by the Taliban and Afghan National Security Forces.[1] The city was captured by the Taliban during the 2021 Taliban offensive.
Marw al-Rudh was a major medieval city in the Gharjistan region at the location of the modern city of Bala Murghab. The Abbasid-era geographers report that Marw al-Rudh was the center of a flourishing agricultural region in Khorasan, at the site where the Murghab River leaves the mountains and enters the steppe of the Karakum Desert. A section of the Harbiyya district of the Round city of Baghdad was named Marwrūdiyya (Arabic: مرورودية) after the city of Marw al-Rudh.[2] Although the town appears to have escaped the destruction of Marw al-Shahijan (modern Mary, Turkmenistan) by the Mongols, it fell into ruins under the Timurids and was largely abandoned.
With a warm and temperate climate, Bala Murghab features a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa) under the Köppen climate classification. The average temperature in Bala Murghab is 16.1 °C, while the annual precipitation averages 326 mm.
July is the hottest month of the year with an average temperature of 28.6 °C. The coldest month January has an average temperature of 3.6 °C.