| Type: | municipality |
| County: | Alba |
| Population Total: | auto |
| Official Name: | Blaj |
| Leader Name: | Gheorghe-Valentin Rotar[1] |
| Leader Party: | PNL |
| Term: | 2020 - 2024 |
| Coordinates: | 46.1753°N 23.9144°W |
| Elevation: | 260 |
| Area Total: | 98.93 |
| Postal Code: | 515400 |
| Area Code: | (+40) 02 58 |
Blaj (in Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan pronounced as /blaʒ/; archaically spelled as Blaș; Hungarian: Balázsfalva; German: Blasendorf; Transylvanian Saxon: Blußendref) is a city in Alba County, Transylvania, Romania. It has a population of 17,816 inhabitants (2021).
The city administers eight villages: Deleni-Obârșie (Obursatanya), Flitești, Izvoarele (until 1960 Ciufud; Csufud), Mănărade (Monora), Petrisat (Magyarpéterfalva), Spătac (Szászpatak), Tiur (Tűr), and Veza (Véza).
The landmark of the city is the fact that it was the principal religious and cultural center of the Romanian Greek-Catholic Church in Transylvania.
Blaj is first mentioned in 1271 as Villa Herbordi, after the deed of a Count Herbod.[2] [3] In 1313, the domain passed to Herbod's son Blasius Cserei and the town was mentioned as Blasii. Started as a hamlet for the twenty families of servants of the noble's court, it was awarded town status on May 19, 1737.
Blaj is the principal religious and cultural center of Greek Catholics in Transylvania. At 27 October 1687 begins the history of the Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic, history directly connected to the history of the town Blaj. It all started at the end of the treaty through which Transylvania was entering under the protection of Austria, renouncing the protection of the Turkish Empire.
The first public school in Romanian was established in Blaj in 1754. Blaj was the first place to have Romanian written with Latin alphabet instead of Cyrillic in which it had traditionally been written. Blaj was also a center for the Romanian Age of Enlightenment, being the founding site of the Transylvanian School that promoted the Roman cultural heritage of the Romanians. Thus Blaj gained the nickname "The Little Rome",[4] as Romania's national poet Mihai Eminescu called it.
In 1848, Câmpia Libertății in Blaj was where over 40,000 Romanians met to protest Transylvania becoming a part of Hungary, holding that the lands would be stolen from them.[5]
Blaj lies at the confluence of the Târnava Mare and Târnava Mică rivers, where they form the Târnava River. It is located northeast of the county seat, Alba Iulia, in a renowned wine-growing region.
At the 2021 census, Blaj had a population of 17,816.[6] At the 2011 census, the city had a population of 20,630, of which 16,779 (83.78%) were Romanians, 1,305 (6.51%) Hungarians, 1,850 (9.23%) Romani, and 45 (0.22%) Germans.
In terms of religious affiliation, 14,784 (71.19%) were Romanian Orthodox, 2,732 (13.24%) Greek-Catholic, 744 (3.58%) Roman Catholic, 985 Reformed Church, 408 Baptist, and 220 Pentecostal.
The city has several high schools, including the Inochentie Micu Clain National College, the, and the Sfântul Vasile cel Mare Greek-Catholic Theological High School.
The castle of the Bethlen dynasty is a popular tourist site near Blaj. Other sights worth visiting include the Metropolitan Palace, the Holy Trinity Cathedral, the "Buna Vestire" Monastery, the Greeks' Church, the "Liberty Field", and Avram Iancu's oak.
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Romania.
Blaj is twinned with:
Blaj has a humid continental climate (Cfb in the Köppen climate classification). The city has a continental temperate climate, characteristic for the Transylvanian Plateau, with moderate precipitations of around 550 mm/m2.
