A Baja jacket (also known as a Mexican Baja hoodie, Baja sweatshirt, or drug rug) is a type of Mexican jacket with a single large pocket on the front, and vents on the side. They are more commonly made out of a coarse woolen fabric known as "jerga". They are often decorated with patterns consisting of horizontal stripes on the sleeves and hood, and vertical stripes down the rest of the jacket. The drawstrings are often flatter and more rectangular than most jacket drawstrings, and always made of the same material as the rest of the jacket.
The shirts, called "sudadera de jerga" ("cloth sweatshirt") in Mexico, are also traditionally worn by Mexican-American and Mexican youth, especially young men, and can be considered a part of cholo style.[1]
Baja jackets are made with a variety of different materials, often cotton, acrylic and polyester. The fabric can be made from recycled fibers, such as recycled T-shirts. The jackets tend to be somewhat waterproof and fast-drying, making them more suitable for the elements. Some jackets have a soft lining for extra comfort and warmth.
In recent years, they have been adapted to simply become hoodies with some alterations like a zipper running up the middle. Because the striped pattern resembles a Mexican sarape, the Baja jacket is sometimes referred to as a poncho, but the two should not be confused. A poncho is a single piece of fabric with a head opening and sometimes arm openings. However, a poncho does not have sleeves, whereas the Baja jacket does.
The history of jerga (also known as "baja hoodie" or "baja jacket") in Mexico is rooted in a rich cultural tapestry that blends indigenous craftsmanship with influences from various points in history. The jerga is a durable, comfortable, and colorful garment known for its distinctive pinstripe pattern and a spacious hood, often associated with the surf culture and the bohemian lifestyle. However, its origins and significance run much deeper.
The roots of jerga fabric can be traced back to indigenous communities in Mexico. The traditional weaving techniques used by these communities laid the groundwork for what would become the jerga fabric. These techniques were passed down through generations, with each community having its unique patterns and styles that were reflected in their textiles.
The arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century introduced new materials and weaving techniques to the indigenous peoples of Mexico. The blend of indigenous and Spanish techniques led to the evolution of Mexican textiles, including the development of thicker, more durable fabrics that could provide warmth in cooler climates. This blend of techniques contributed to the fabric's durability and distinctive appearance.[2]
The modern jerga or baja hoodie gained popularity in the United States and globally in the 1960s and 1970s, closely associated with the surf culture. Surfers traveling to Baja California, Mexico, would bring these hoodies back, appreciating them for their warmth, comfort, and easy maintenance. The garment's association with the laid-back lifestyle of surfers, its affordability, and its unique style contributed to its widespread popularity.
Over time, the jerga has come to symbolize a connection to Mexican heritage and artisanal craftsmanship. It reflects the blend of indigenous and Spanish influences that characterize much of Mexico's cultural history. Today, jergas are produced in a variety of colors and patterns, often using synthetic materials for increased durability and ease of care.
In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on ethical and sustainable practices in the production of jergas. Artisans and manufacturers are increasingly focusing on using eco-friendly materials and ensuring fair labor practices. This shift is part of a broader movement toward sustainability and social responsibility in the fashion industry.
The history of the jerga in Mexico is a testament to the country's rich cultural heritage and the enduring appeal of its traditional textiles. From its indigenous roots and Spanish influences to its adoption by surfers and global recognition, the jerga remains a symbol of comfort, durability, and cultural pride.[3]