| Image Coa: | DEU Baienfurt COA.svg |
| Coordinates: | 47.8269°N 9.6517°W |
| Image Plan: | Baienfurt in RV.svg |
| State: | Baden-Württemberg |
| Region: | Tübingen |
| District: | Ravensburg |
| Gemeindeverwaltungsverband: | Mittleres Schussental |
| Elevation: | 459 |
| Area: | 16.02 |
| Postal Code: | 88255 |
| Area Code: | 0751 |
| Licence: | RV |
| Gemeindeschlüssel: | 08 4 36 011 |
| Website: | www.baienfurt.de |
| Mayor: | Günter Binder[1] |
| Leader Term: | 2021 - 29 |
Baienfurt (Low Alemannic: Boeafurt) is an Upper Swabian municipality in the district of Ravensburg in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The municipality, with a population of over 7,000 inhabitants, is part of the Middle Schussental Municipal Administration Association.
Baienfurt is part of the settlement area of Middle Schussental, which extends from Eschach, a southern district of Ravensburg, through the two cities of Ravensburg and Weingarten to Baienfurt and Baindt in the north. It is located a few kilometers west of the Altdorfer Wald on the banks of the Schussen, a northern tributary of Lake Constance or the Rhine, and is traversed by the Wolfegger Ach, a tributary of the Schussen.
Starting from the north, Baienfurt borders Fronreute, Baindt, Bergatreute, Schlier, Weingarten, and Berg.
In addition to the main town, Baienfurt includes the districts and residential areas of Niederbiegen, Köpfingen, Kickach, Baumgarten, and Briach, as well as the residential area of Neubriach.
Baienfurt has a minimal share in the north of the Annaberg nature reserve and an equally minimal share in the southernmost part of the Laurental and Rößlerweiher landscape protection area.
In addition, parts of the FFH areas Schussenbecken with Tobelwälder south of Blitzenreute and Altdorfer Wald are located in Baienfurt.[2]
Through archaeological findings, Celtic settlement traces in the municipal area are evidenced. There is a burial mound from the Hallstatt period. In the area of the present-day districts of Rain and Kickach, there were Roman estates.
The settlement of Baienfurt probably emerged in the 9th century. The name Baienfurt, also written as Baier, Beierfurt, or Paigerfurt in early documents, derives from a ford across the Wolfegger Ach. Baien is derived from baie, beige (= opening), while other sources mention an origin from Bai (= sedge).
Likely before 1090 under Welf IV, the Lords of Waldburg received the village as a fief. In 1143, the village of Binningen is first mentioned in documents as the property of the Weingarten Abbey, and Kickach is mentioned for the first time in 1148. In 1278, a chapel dedicated to St. Blaise was erected in Briach. In 1525, Baienfurt and its surroundings were a scene of the German Peasants' War. The lords of Waldburg held the lordship until 1587 when, in a settlement of the Vorarlbergian Swabian district with its seat in the neighboring Altdorf (today Weingarten), they transferred the sovereignty. Baienfurt became the administrative center of the district, with property ownership shared between the district, as well as the Weingarten and Baindt abbeys. In 1806, Baienfurt became part of the Kingdom of Württemberg with the Vorarlbergian district (district of Ravensburg, Um-Altdorf office).
In 1826, the village was merged with other parts of the former Um-Altdorf office and the settlement around the Baindt Abbey to form the municipality of Baindt, with Baienfurt as its administrative seat. However, the persistent efforts of the Baienfurters for independence succeeded 22 years later when, on 20 September 1848, the municipality was appointed as an independent administrative district.
In 1850, Baienfurt was connected to the network of Württemberg railways with the neighboring Niederbiegen railway station on the Württemberg Southern Railway.
With the establishment of a paper mill from 1870 onwards, the village, which had been predominantly rural until then, became an industrial location and has since grown steadily.
In 1934, the Vorarlberg district was renamed Ravensburg district, and in 1938, as part of the administrative reform during the Nazi era in Württemberg, it was transferred to the Ravensburg district. After World War II, Baienfurt, along with the Ravensburg district, fell into the French occupation zone and thus became part of the newly founded state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern, which merged in 1952 as the South Württemberg-Hohenzollern administrative region into the state of Baden-Württemberg.
From 1970 to 1977, a modern town center with a town hall, community hall, marketplace, and indoor swimming pool was built. A proposed merger of the municipality with Ravensburg, Weingarten, and Baindt as part of the municipal reform in 1975 did not materialize due to lack of approval from the population in the Schussental.
| Population Development | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 1849 | 1888 | 1910 | 1939 | 1959 | 1987 | 1991 | 1995 | 1999 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | ||
| align=left | Population | 800 | 1200 | 1750 | 2900 | 4100 | 7000 | 6620 | 6883 | 7200 | 7293 | 7194 | 7138 | |
The municipal council election on 26 May 2019 resulted in the outcome depicted in the adjacent diagram.
List of Mayors of Baienfurt from 1848 to the present:
| Tenure | Name | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1848–1870 | Johann Baptist Mehrle | ||
| 1870–1872 | Alois Mangold | ||
| 1872–1919 | Gebhard Mehrle | Responsible for the 1911 connection to the Ravensburg–Weingarten–Baienfurt tram line. | |
| 1919–1929 | Otto Mehrle | ||
| 1929–1938 | Leo Lacher | ||
| 1938–1945 | Emil Teufel | Appointed, not democratically elected | |
| 1945–1946 | Karl Kurz | Military government under French occupation | |
| 1946–1949 | Johann Mehrle[3] | ||
| 1949–1961 | Karl Rittler[4] | ||
| 1961–1989 | Maximillian „Max“ Brenner | (1929–2007), awarded honorary citizenship in 1989 | |
| 1989–2013 | Robert Wiedemann | Tenure until December 2013, awarded honorary citizenship of the municipality of Baienfurt in December 2013. | |
| Since 2013 | Günter A. Binder | CDU, former head of the main office in Bodnegg, elected on September 22, 2013, with 93.1% of the vote. Re-elected on September 26, 2021, with 86.6% of the vote. |
The former mayor, Robert Wiedemann, did not run for re-election in December 2013 after 24 years in office.[5] In 2013, only two candidates emerged as possible successors, one of whom was labeled by the local press more or less as a "joke candidate" as he represented the "NO! Idea Party".[6]
Explanation of the Coat of Arms: From 1830 to around 1918, the special cultivation of weaver's combs was practiced in Baienfurt. At that time, the textile industry needed this type of thistle to raise certain fabrics, and they were sold in Baienfurt at their own comb market, which was announced by hanging blue and white flags. At the suggestion of the Stuttgart Archives Directorate, the municipality established a coat of arms in 1931 that addresses this peculiarity.In July 2000, a bronze monument to the comb was erected in front of the evangelical church. Since January 2011, the bronze monument has been located in front of the "Neunerbeck" in Baienfurt, which is one of the oldest houses in the municipality and houses a comb museum, fitting to the monument.
Since 1997, the cultural association Manufaktur has been organizing concerts, theater performances, cabaret events, and exhibitions in the listed Speidlerhaus from 1673.
In 2011, Uli Boettcher opened the cabaret stage Hoftheater in a converted barn in the Hof district.
In addition to a few agricultural enterprises (with permanent grassland, arable land, and fruit growing) and forestry (about 20% of the municipal area is forested), the area is largely characterized by industry, crafts, and trade. Particularly noteworthy is Kiesel GmbH, an internationally operating provider of construction machinery.
As early as the 13th century, three mills were operated on the Wolfegger Aach. In the 19th century, the river was the basis for the establishment of a paper mill. It belonged to the Feldmühle Group from 1968-1990, and was then sold to the Finnish-Swedish Stora Enso Group. At the end of 2008, the group completely closed the Baienfurt plant except for a cutting center.As early as the 13th century, three mills were operated on the Wolfegger Aach. In the 19th century, the river was the basis for the establishment of a paper mill. It belonged to the Feldmühle Group from 1968-1990, and was then sold to the Finnish-Swedish Stora Enso Group. At the end of 2008, the group completely closed the Baienfurt plant except for a cutting center.[7] [8] An industrial and commercial park was established on the site in 2016.[9]
Towards the end of the 19th century, a cigar factory and an iron and metal foundry were also established.
See also: Ravensburg–Weingarten–Baienfurt tram line.
Since 2013, Baienfurt has had the Achtalschule, a comprehensive school (previously an elementary and secondary school with a technical school). For the youngest children, there are two municipal, two Roman Catholic, and one Protestant kindergarten. Additionally, there is a branch of the Ravensburg-Weingarten Adult Education Center in the town.