Baháʼí Faith in Greater Boston explained

The Baháʼí Faith in Greater Boston, a combined statistical area, has had glimpses of the religion in the 19th century arising to its first community of religionists at the turn of the century. Early newspaper accounts of events were followed by papers on the precursor Bábí religion by Dr. Rev. Austin H. Wright were noted, materials donated, and lost, and then other scholars began to write about the religion. The community began to coalesce being near to Green Acre, founded by Sarah Farmer, who publicly espoused the religion from 1901. From then on, the institution would progressively be associated with Baháʼís - a place where both locals and people from afar came to learn of the religion, and who officially took over controlling interest from 1913. Leaders rising to national prominence with a national level of organization soon arose after ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, then head of the religion, traveled through the area for about 40 days and across the United States for some 239 days. Most prominent were Harlan Ober, William Henry Randall, and Alfred E. Lunt, who served in events in the Boston area, Green Acre boards, and national institutions of the religion. In addition to national leaders in the religion, a number of notable individuals joined the religion and were increasingly visible - such as Urbain Ledoux, Sadie and Marby Oglesby, James Ferdinand Morton Jr., Nancy Bowditch, and Guy Murchie. The community moved from beginning to host public meetings to systematically support a presence in a Center in Boston with services and presentations on the religion as well as a racially integrated community since 1935. Starting about the 1950s and broadening into the 1960s, there was wider recognition of the Baháʼís themselves. Sometimes this took the form of noting their persecution in Morocco and then Iran and other times noting local concerts and fairs with their participation. The modern community, albeit a tiny fraction of the wider population, is present in some concentrations and thin areas throughout the greater Boston area. Over the last couple of decades, it has been systematically pursuing programs of neighborhood community-building activities of study circles, children's classes, junior youth groups, and devotional meetings among the activities and observances of the religion.

Firsts

Mention of Bábí period

The first mention related to the history of the Baháʼí Faith known in Massachusetts concerns news of Bábism in Qajar Persia, which Baháʼís hold as a direct precursor akin to the relationship between John the Baptist and Jesus.[1] This was a newspaper article printed in the Boston Courier December 29, 1845, reporting on events from the previous June.[2] It is an echo of the original published in the London Times Nov 1, 1845.[3] [4] This Boston mention repeated January 1846 in the Boston Evening Transcript,[5] the Christian Witness and Church Advocate,[6] In February in the Christian Journal out of Exeter, New Hampshire,[7] and then again later in June 1847.[8] In Baháʼí records this event is reported in The Dawn-Breakers following Quddús' arrival in Shiraz after the pilgrimage of the Báb.[9] The next newspaper reference to events of this period was in November 1850,[10] echoing newspaper articles as early as the previous July.[11]

Austin Wright

The first "paper" on events of this period is a letter written to the American Oriental Society[4] which was holding its meeting in Boston, and the library of materials was held at the Boston Athenæum.[12] The letter was originally published as part of the minutes of the Society in The Literary World of June 14, 1851,[13] as an untitled entry whose first quote is "notice of a singular character, who has for some years past played a prominent part on the stage of Persian life" dated February 10, 1851, by Dr. Rev. Austin H. Wright. It is considered the first paper to give an account on Bábism, though it makes mistakes typical of the period.[4] See also Josephus on Jesus. It was subsequently also published in a Vermont newspaper June 26, 1851,[14] and a translation was published in a German newspaper.[4] Wright, father of Lucy Myers Wright Mitchell[15] and John Henry Wright, was a medical missionary from New England to Persia among the Nestorian Christians.[16]

Wright followed up with another paper/letter, "A short chapter in the history of Bâbeeism in Persia," to the Society published in May 1853.[17] Donations to the Society, while mentioned in the first paper, are not listed actually being cataloged, however another donation in 1856 is noted when another set was sent.[18] The library of materials of the period was first kept under Charles Folsom at the Boston Athenæum until 1855, then the materials were moved to New Haven and accepted at Yale University in July. The collection was dispersed and then regathered, purged and organized in 1905 by Hanns Oertel.[12] By 1930 the only Bábí related texts in the collection were later works that had been gathered by E. G. Browne.[19]

Wright died in what was then called Urumiah, in Qajar Persia, January 14, 1865.[4]

Stephen Greenleaf Bulfinch

Bostonian Stephen Greenleaf Bulfinch wrote about the religion following the work of Frenchman Ernst Renan who wrote The Origins of Christianity: The Apostles in 1866.[20] [21] Bulfinch had been a Unitarian minister since 1830 but resigned circa 1860 when he accepted the Trinity Doctrine.[22] Across some 11 pages, Bulfinch made comparisons between the Báb and Jesus mostly positive though he also calls the religion a "delusion".[23]

He marks the court examination of the claims of the Báb like the examination of Jesus (suggesting the account may, in fact, have been copied), then after a while continues:

James T. Bixby

Though later than the Bábí period perse, Unitarian minister born, educated, and worked often in Massachusetts, James Thompson Bixby wrote about the religion in 1897[24] and made a student journal of Boston College doing so.[25] He also later lectured on the religion in 1901 at Green Acre.[26] Bixby also turned his attention to the Baháʼí period. He published an article on the religion in August 1912 in the North American Review,[27] [28] after he had offered it to the Baháʼís to review.[29] Objecting to it, an interview with ʻAbdu'l-Bahá was subsequently arranged in April 1912 and published in Star of the West in August as well.[29]

Bahá´í period firsts

Though the religion was established in the United States before 1900, by then no more than a dozen Baháʼís were in New England.[30] Compared to the early growth in other places, and massive growth in South Carolina decades later, the region had relatively little Millennium interests - see Second and Third Great Awakening and the Burned-over district. Nevertheless, individuals from, educated in, or lived their lives in, Greater Boston were among the first Baháʼís of the United States. At the same time, some perhaps well-meaning if inaccurate reviews or even misinformed views of the Bábist/Baháʼí views were done as early as 1900.[31]

Thornton Chase (February 22, 1847 – September 30, 1912) was born in Springfield, Massachusetts[30] and was a U.S. businessman and writer; he was commonly recognized as the first convert to the Baháʼí Faith of Occidental background. During his life, he organized many Baháʼí activities in Chicago and Los Angeles and is considered a prominent Baháʼí.

In 1895 Kate Ives, née Cowan, of Orleans, Massachusetts, may have been the first woman born in the United States to accept the Baháʼí Faith,[32] [33] [34] and was the first Baháʼí to move to Boston in 1899.[35] [36]

Sarah Farmer, Green Acre and the first Baháʼí community of Boston

See also: Green Acre Baháʼí School and Mary Hanford Ford.

The Green Acre Baháʼí School is established in Eliot, Maine, at the northern edge of Greater Boston becoming an important learning center for Baháʼís and non-Baháʼís in Greater Boston and across the United States. Maria P. Wilson was in the company of Sarah Farmer on a trip overseas when they learned of the religion in 1900 from Josephine Locke and Elizabeth Knudson.[37] Farmer was publicly linked with the religion in June 1901 after she had found truth in various religions and quasi-religious groups.[38] But of the Baháʼí Faith, it was explained, "...she has found the common faith in which all devout souls may unite and yet be free."[38] It was then announced Green Acre would be a place to learn of the religion, run in parallel with the other classes already established, but for free.[39] Mírzá Abu'l-Faḍl, among the most scholarly trained Baháʼís of the time, was there.[38] [40] [41] Ali Kuli Khan, to serve as his translator, arrived in the United States in June.[42] Abu'l-Faḍl had accompanied Anton Haddad, the first Baháʼí to live in the United States, on his return trip to America. They had been sent by then head of the religion, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá.[41] The later well-known Baháʼí Agnes Baldwin Alexander was also there.[43] News of the Boston area community began to be noted in the newspapers.[44] It was at these classes with Abu'l-Faḍl Mary Hanford Ford is considered to have joined the religion.[40] Ford moved to the Boston area for a couple of years.[45] It was not her first time in Boston.[46] She, Ali Kuli Khan, and the Breeds, whom she introduced to the religion,[47] were soon active as a community in Boston area. By December 1901 Baháʼís in Chicago knew she was a Baháʼí and working with Sarah Farmer on projects.[48] Ford was noted in Boston in November 1903 giving her talk on "The Holy Grail",[49] and news of the mistreatment of Bábís/Baha'is in Persia was noted in August 1903.[50] Khan was soon visible living in Boston in 1904,[51] and Khan had married Bostonian Baháʼí,[52] Florence Breed in 1904.[53] Alice Ives Breed, Florence's mother, originally from Pavilion, Illinois, born Jan 15, 1853, was a leading philanthropist socialite of the area.[47] [54] [55] [56] Ford would return for a talk a decade later.[57]

Other Baháʼís noted in the period are:[30] Oscar S. Greenleaf was the first Baha'i in Springfield, Massachusetts, Henry Goodale, and Maria P. Wilson soon moved to Boston, Massachusetts in 1902.[37] Professional singer[58] Mary Lucas who went on Baháʼí pilgrimage[59] with Nathan Fitz-Gerald[60] in January–February 1905 and meet ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, then head of the religion. Nebraskan/Illinoian Albert Ross Vail attended Harvard Divinity School, a center of Unitarian training, for 3 years.[61] Vail studied with William James on pragmatist philosophy.[61] [62] In 1906, he served as president of the Unitarian student group as well as the Harvard Divinity School Unitarian Club in his final year there.[63] [64] It is unknown if he was ever aware of Ali Kuli Khan's appearance at Harvard as a guest of James in 1905,[65] but he moved to Urbana, Illinois and served a Unitarian congregation near the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, arriving in September 1906.[64] The first known connection with Baháʼís is when Vail's group hosted "Amir Ullah Fareed", who was listed as a student of the Medical College of the University, and who spoke on April 28, 1907.[66] Fareed circulated some early printed prayers visible in Boston[37] and would serve as one of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's translators in 1912.[67]

Growing community

After marrying in 1904, Khan gave a talk at Alice Ives Breed's home in Cambridge, Massachusetts.[68] By 1905, regular Baháʼí meetings were established in Boston, whether in homes or in public venues.[35] Khan was visible at a women's club meeting in March 1905 at Sewall Hall.[69] Baháʼís began to be profiled in the news in 1909.[70] Mary Lucas published an account of her pilgrimage in 1909.[59] Lucas would be visible at occasional Baháʼí events[71] until her death in 1934.[72]

Harlan Ober and Alfred E. Lunt were Bostonians who joined the religion in the summer of 1905 at Green Acre[73] with Ober learning of the religion first through Alice Buckton,[74] and then Lunt learned of the religion from Ober.[75] Ober had been in shipping interests.[74] Ober and Lunt were leaders in Republican party politics on college campuses,[76] [77] in the era of the Fourth Party System also known as the Progressive Era. Ober's parents lived in Beverly, Massachusetts,[78] and Lunt was a Harvard Law school graduate.[79] Picture of Lunt[80]

In the summer of 1906, Stanwood Cobb learned of the religion from a series of articles in the Boston Transcript and went to Green Acre to learn more about the religion.[81] He successively conversed with Sarah Farmer[82] and Mary Lucas. Thornton Chase was also there giving a series of talks.[83] It was on that occasion that Cobb joined the religion.[84]

By the winter of 1906 Louis Bourgeois, later architect of the Baháʼí House of Worship in Wilmette, Illinois, and his wife had joined the religion after having "come into association with the Baha'i Faith through Marie Watson and Mary Hanford Ford."[85] Khan and his family went on Baháʼí pilgrimage in 1906.

Circa early 1907 or late 1906, Ober went on Baháʼí pilgrimage and was asked to go with Hooper Harris on a trip to India promulgating the religion, an effort noted as lasting "...no less than seven months, in India and Burma, visiting Bombay, Poona, Lahore, Calcutta, Rangoon, and Mandalay."[86] [87] ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's guidance to them amounted to behaving very differently than Christian missionaries.[88] Ober returned and was visible at Green Acre late summer of 1907.[89] [90] Ober went on a second pilgrimage in May 1909 with the MacNutt family and others.[89] One early joke in the history of the religion comes from Ober about whether he was going to India or America ...

One day in the Holy Land He told Harlan Ober, an American Baháʼí, that he was to go to India. Harlan Ober did travel far and wide in the interests of the Faith, but at that particular time he did not cherish making that journey. A few days later ʻAbdu'l-Bahá told him to go to America. "But Master," Ober said, "I thought I was going to India." "So did Christopher Columbus," ʻAbdu'l-Bahá replied.[91]

Lunt continued to be active in Republican politics in 1908[92] [93] and was visible at Green Acre in 1909.[94]

The Khans returned and he was visible in Boston by 1908.[95] That year, the first Baháʼí governing board was elected, the forerunner of the first Local Spiritual Assembly of Boston.[35] [96] The community sent a delegate to the first national convention in 1909,[97] and the existence of the community was noted in a national journal.[96] The first known meeting in a public meeting space was held on November 7, 1909.[37] The following were present: Harriet Sprague, Lily Ostburg, Frances Godard, Helen Campbell, Francis Harding, Anise Rideout, Julia Culver, Raffie Esphahani, Althea Dorr, George Ostburg, Maria P. Wilson, Alice Ives Breed. On March 24, 1910, the assembly was composed of:[37] officers Harlan Ober, Grace Robarts, Julia Culver, George Ostburg, and members Mrs. H. Sprague; Mrs. F. Goddard, Alice Ives Breed, Helen Campbell, and Mrs. E. Flees. Notable speakers at events in the Boston community included Stanwood Cobb, Lua Getsinger, and Edna McKinney.[37]

Khan was then appointed Iranian Charge D'Affaires in Washington D. C. in 1910.[98]

In 1911 Lunt was visible as a solicitor for Beverly, Mass.,[99] member of the national executive board of the Baháʼís,[100] and participating in a Bostonian Baháʼí Naw-Rúz commemoration with guests.[101]

Fannie Fern Andrews of Boston was the second vice president of the Persian Educational Society in 1912 with strong connections to the religion.[102]

ʻAbdu'l-Bahá in the area

See main article: ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's journeys to the West. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, then head of the religion, embarked on travels to the West following release from imprisonment and was anticipated to come to Boston.[103]

Arrival in United States

Before coming to Boston, on 23 April 1912, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá attended several events.[104] One was a reception in Washington D. C. by the Persian Charge D'Affaires Ali Kuli Khan, and the Turkish Ambassador; at this reception ʻAbdu'l-Bahá moved the place-names such that the only African-American present, Louis G. Gregory, was seated at the head of the table next to himself, an event that was highly noted at the time and since.[105] [106] One of the early versions of the story of this event was told by Harlan Ober.[104]

Newspaper reporters in Boston asked ʻAbdu'l-Bahá why he had come to America, and he stated that he had come to participate in conferences on peace and that just giving a warning messages is not enough.[107] A full page summary of the religion was printed in the New York Times.[108] A booklet on the religion was published late April out of Boston.[109]

On 14 May ʻAbdu'l-Bahá went to northern New York state to Lake Mohonk addressing the Lake Mohonk Conference on International Arbitration and stayed at the Mohonk Mountain House.[104] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114]

His talk was covered by many publications including one from Boston,[115] [116] [117] [118] [119] and began

When we consider history, we find that civilization is progressing, but in this century its progress cannot be compared with that of past centuries. This is the century of light and of bounty. In the past, the unity of patriotism, the unity of nations and religions was established; but in this century, the oneness of the world of humanity is established; hence this century is greater than the past.

Harlan Ober and Grace Robarts (who had learned of the religion from Lua Getsinger,)[75] were married in July 1912 with ʻAbdu'l-Bahá attending.[120] [121] Grace served as housekeeper and hostess for ʻAbdu'l-Bahá during his journeys in America.[122]

First Boston visit

ʻAbdu'l-Bahá left New York City on the 22nd of May for Boston where he would be for four days. On the evening of his arrival, he addressed a Unitarian convention, then went on.[106] There was an audience of some three thousand including hundreds of Unitarian ministers.[123] On the 23rd he visited a Greek-Syrian relief agency, a special meeting at the University of Worcester, Massachusetts,[106] and a party for his birthday was held during which he spoke of the importance of the Báb though he also lamented the cake, which had flags of United States, Persia, and the UK, wasn't big enough to hold flags from all countries. On the 24th, he met with individuals, a talk before some Unitarians, another in Brookline, and then a talk at the home of a Baháʼí.[106] On the 25th, he met with individuals.[106] Sometime during this visit is the incident where William Randall delivered grape juice for ʻAbdu'l-Bahá.[124]

Second Boston visit

ʻAbdu'l-Bahá arrived for the second time in Boston on July 23 but sent most of the entourage ahead to Dublin, NH.[106] That evening, he addressed an audience at a hotel as well as a later one in the home of the Breeds. On the 24th, he spoke with individual visitors and for a talk before a club. Some from the club followed him back from that talk, and on return, there was also a line of people waiting for him at the hotel that evening. He also spoke to the Boston Theosophical Society. On the 25th, he met with individuals before he left for Dublin.[106]

Dublin, NH

From July 26 to August 16, he was in Dublin.[106] He often met with individuals and small groups or made short trips to visit nearby Baha'is and a camp for youth. He also carried on corresponding through letter across the United States and Europe. One evening he announced the betrothal of Louis G. Gregory and Louisa Mathew and astonished the crowd.[106] Elders with ear trumpets listened. Once he took his Persian entourage aside and spoke comparing feasts of kings that were brilliant but had no enthusiasm while there they ate modestly and in hard circumstances, or so it seemed, but everywhere there was real enthusiasm of the heart.[106] On August 11, he was noted speaking to a local Unitarian church with answers to questions of such length and detail that it was claimed he must have memorized the answers beforehand. He compared his yearning to see the audience to the Apostles that traveled far to see people. From there, he left for Green Acre on August 16.

Green Acre

He then went to Eliot, Maine from 16 to 23 Aug, where he stayed in Green Acre.[104] [110] Some five[106] or eight hundred people were there to hear the first talk.[125] The talk was about ways of knowing the truth - he disavowed individual approaches like pure reason, simple authority, individual inspiration, etc., but affirmed:

[A] statement presented to the mind accompanied by proofs which the senses can perceive to be correct, which the faculty of reason can accept, which is in accord with traditional authority and sanctioned by the promptings of the heart, can be adjudged and relied upon as perfectly correct, for it has been proved and tested by all the standards of judgment and found to be complete.[125]

Some in the audience repudiated their former beliefs of inspiration as pure truth.[106] At other talks, audience members wept during his prayers or fainted. He spoke to a girls club camp group by the river on August 19.

Fred Mortensen arrived August 20.[106] [126] Mortensen had been a criminal that fled arrest - his lawyer was Baháʼí Albert Hall of Minnesota from whom he learned of the religion. Mortensen rode trains from Minneapolis to Cleveland and on to Green Acre - all by way of Freighthopping. Being introduced in a crowd, he was embarrassed at his dirty appearance and then was told to sit down amid the company of people in fine dress and wait, but soon ʻAbdu'l-Bahá returned and began to speak closely with Mortensen. His inquiry revealed how Mortisen had traveled and Mortisen felt kindness from ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. Mortisen had arrived on a day ʻAbdu'l-Baha had arranged as a feast.[106] On the last day at Green Acre he met with individuals and left on the 23rd.

Malden, Massachusetts

His final destination in New England was Malden, Massachusetts at the home of Maria P. Wilson, originally of Boston, where he stayed from 23 to 29 August.[106] In Malden, he spoke to various groups[106] - a New Thought movement,[127] a women's suffrage group,[128] a metaphysical thought group,[129] and a theosophical group.[106] He also attended a marriage ceremony of Clarence Johnson and Ruby Breed, daughter of Alice Breed and sister to Florence Breed Khan.[106]

Albert Vail accompanied William H. Randall meeting ʻAbdu'l-Bahá there in late August.[130] Vail would later mark this as a pivotal point for his life[131] but at first, he didn't remark on it publicly. Later he said:

Six years ago I met a servant of God named Abdul Baha, so universal in mind, brilliant in utterance, so pure, so radiant with universal love, so majestic in the power of his holy spirit that I became convinced he and his equally perfect and glorious father, Baha o'llah, were God's own messengers of light and salvation to our modern world ...[131]

ʻAbdu'l-Bahá then left for Montreal, arriving near midnight on 30 August 1912.

After effects of the visit

A number of individuals and institutions became more prominent after ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's travels through the region.

Albert Vail

As early as January 1913, Albert Vail, then a Unitarian Minister, was visibly promulgating the religion,[132] and was listed as the delegate to the "Bahai Temple Unity" national convention from the Urbana Baháʼí community.[133] He reported on developments in Urbana, Illinois of study of the Baháʼí teachings and seems to quote the Writings saying: "It is remarkable to observe how the Spirit seems to catch and hold one, and the whole life seems set aflame as to the Truth. There is a mystery, a force in the Cause far above the ken of men and angels." and then spoke with an eloquence that moved and thrilled the audience. In a separate account of the convention, it was noted he was the final speaker of the meeting and that his "discourse was unique in penetrating power and beauty of utterance among all the eloquent addresses of the Convention" and that the chair had stopped reviewing the watch to limit speakers.[134] Both accounts lamented that the speech was not written down, but one said it traced the proofs of Manifestation, noting the martyrdoms of Persia, the need for divine authority to solve human problems, and the lives of the Central Figures of the Faith.

Vail was officially recognized to have joined the religion years later,[135] after the majority of his congregation insisted he stop promoting the religion.[136] [131]

Green Acre and contributing to the national leadership

In the summer of 1913, Baháʼís felt the strength of organization to attempt to win control of the board of Green Acre.[137] [138] Following this, Kate Ives, the first Baháʼí of Boston, wrote a letter to the editor inviting Portsmouth residents to a talk on the religion.[139] In 1914, Alfred E. Lunt was Secretary of the annual convention to elect the national leadership and was himself then elected[140] along with William Henry Randall.[141]

In Spring 1915 Baháʼís gathered for the Panama–Pacific International Exposition - among them were Harlan Ober and Alfred E. Lunt.[142] ʻAbdu'l-Bahá wrote a letter about Expo thanking those that gathered.[143] Following this, Randall and Ober and others were visible at Green Acre.[144] Sarah Farmer changed her will to bequeath Green Acre to the Baháʼís in the event of her death and her family involuntarily committed her to a mental institution[75] [145] - in 1915, Randall lead the idea of rescuing her executed in combination by Randal, Ledoux, and Montford Mills,[75] [146] ultimately gathering a chief of police and a judge to accompany a court order to effect her freedom.[147] [148] Meanwhile, Lunt again served on the national board of Baháʼís this time as president,[149] with Ober as secretary.[150] Meanwhile, Ober wrote a letter to the editor of the Boston Post about the religion and Green Acre.[151] Farmer died, shortly after being released, in 1916.[152] Kate Ives read the eulogy, and attending were Lunt, Ober, and Randall, and others from Boston and the area. Ober was noted as an officer of Green Acre along with Lunt.[153]

The Baháʼís held meetings for the 1917 national convention at Green Acre[154] [155] and Boston.[156]

Alfred E. Lunt

Lunt was on the summer schedule at Green Acre in 1917,[157] and performed a funeral program there in July 1918.[158] Lunt gave a series of talks in Chicago in May 1919,[159] as well as on the question of the minimum wage in 1922.[160]

Lunt was noted on the board of trustees of Green Acre 1925,[161] and served on the national assembly in 1928.[162] In 1930 Lunt gave a talk in New York,[163] and published "The Supreme Affliction: A Study in Baháʼí Economics and Socialization".[164] Lunt was at a Temple dedication in 1931.[165] In 1937, Lunt was visible giving a talk in New York again.[166]

William Randall

In 1917 Randall was noted speaking in Montreal in March.[167] Randall was again elected to the national board, and that year he was elected as president of the board.[168] Randall was again elected, this time as national treasurer, in 1918.[169] In 1919, Randall accompanied Vail on pilgrimage and his account was read verbatim to the national convention in the United States.[170] He was listed as the contact for announcing events and reserving rooms at Green Acre in 1920 by Albert Vail.[171]

Randall was appointed to the supervisory board of the Baháʼí periodical Star of the West in 1922,[172] and contributed an article on Green Acre.[173] In 1923, he was noted as chairman of the board of Green Acre[174] while continuing as treasurer for the national community[175] for the newly designated National Spiritual Assembly.[176] In 1925, it was announced the administrative offices of the religion would be run from Green Acre.[177]

Randall also took part in the 1928 Race Amity Convention held at Green Acre.[178] Perhaps Randall's final appearance was August 1928 at a commemoration of the visit of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá to Green Acre.[179]

Randall died February 11, 1929, and a cable from Shoghi Effendi, then head of the religion, stated: "Grief stricken passing Harry Randall. Distinguished and Beloved Servant of Baháʼu'lláh. Assure family and friends fervent prayers, heartfelt condolences in behalf Holy Leaves and myself. Hold befitting Memorials -signed Shoghi."[37] [74]

The Obers

Harlan Ober was elected to the national executive board in 1917,[180] and was at the 1919 national convention held in New York[181] at which the Tablets of the Divine Plan, a series of letters about promulgating the religion intra-and-internationally following World War I were officially presented,[182] following which he gave a talk at a Chicago meeting in May.[183] Letters suggesting that Baháʼís take up "deeds, not words" following the Red Summer (1919) race riots arrived at Ober and soon there were Race Amity Conventions.[184]

In 1920 Ober was present in Syria for the Knighting of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá.[185] Randall was elected to the national board again in 1920[186] as treasurer[187] and addressed the convention.[188]

In 1928 Ober gave a talk in Brooklyn,[189] and Grace hosted an evening social at Green Acre.[190] Ober gave a talk in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1929.[191] In 1930 Ober returned to Pennsylvania to give another talk,[192] and was also noticed in Brooklyn.[193]

1931 Ober was with Louis Gregory for a talk.[194]

The Ober family purchased a home near Green Acre in 1932[195] and Harlan soon was reading on the radio at WHEB weekly after noon from Spring into the Fall from 1933 into 1935,(with occasional gaps.)[196] Grace spoke at the Portsmouth chapter of Hadassah[197] and Harlan was also visible at other events - a funeral,[198] and several series of talks in 1933.[199] [200] [201] In 1933, he also gave a program series on "Psychology and Life" for Alpha Beta sorority[202] and a ladies club.[203] [204]

In November 1934, Ober gave a talk in Eliot for the Christian Endeavor Society,[205] a Zeta Alpha Men's Club of a Baptist church.[206] The family wintered in New York to February 1935,[207] and their college student daughter visited them in the summer of 1935.[208]

Ober was a substitute speaker in January 1936 at Green Acre,[209] and lead a funeral there.[210]

Grace died immediately after giving a talk at the Chicago Baha'i national convention in April 1938 - Harlan was then serving on the national spiritual assembly after traveling in Louisville, Kentucky.[211] Harlan gave his next talk at Green Acre that July, (noted as a radio personality too,)[212] toured universities in December 1938,[213] and served on the Green Acre summer committee for the school in 1939.[214] That fall he was in the Golden Gate International Exposition in October with Louis G. Gregory,[215] and spoke at an evening meeting.[216] In 1940 he gave a talk at the Baháʼí Temple,[217] [218] and was again elected to the national assembly.[219]

In 1941 he is noted among the Green Acre management for the National Spiritual Assembly of the United States and Canada (as it was then).[220] Their son married at the later summer.[221] In July 1942 he gives talk at Green Acre,[222] followed by a series of talks.[223] [224]

He was in a Green Acre race Amity meeting in August 1942,[225] and directly after was at a general session at Green Acre.[226] [227]

Ober was one among several present in a 1943 series of talks at Green Acre.[228] [229] A 1944 series included Ober and Bostonian Nancy Bowditch[230] and he gave a later series at Portsmouth Baháʼí Center.[231] [232]

In 1945 Ober took a trip to Montana, where he gave a talk,[233] Ottawa in 1946,[234] and tried to make an impression on Prince Edward Island (without much success).[235] In 1947, he was in Utah giving a talk.[236]

He stayed home in the summer of 1951,[237] and officiated at funeral of Louis G. Gregory,[238] which he followed up with a series of talks at Green Acre[239] as well as other opportunities.[240] [241] [242] For a few years, the public mentions of him are a couple of funerals he oversaw,[243] [244] but in 1956 he gave a series of talks.[245]

In the summer of 1961, a Baháʼí pioneer met Ober, who was on a trip in Africa at the time.[246]

Some individuals

Nancy Bowditch

See main article: Nancy Douglas Bowditch.

Also known as Mrs. Harold Bowditch, (July 4, 1890 – May 1, 1979,) Nancy was the daughter of George de Forest Brush who was active in Dublin, New Hampshire as well as Europe.[247] [248] [249]

The Brush family interacted with ʻAbdu'l-Bahá and the Baháʼís while in Dublin in July and August 1912, especially during an annual out-of-doors play as well as a visit to their farm,[248] [250] [251] but her first husband died unexpectedly in September.[252] Nancy moved from place to place until she married Harvard graduate[253] Dr. Harold Bowditch October 1916.[248] [253]

Bowditch became more involved with costume work for theatre productions.[248] While her life was going well she also felt "something was wanting in my existence and couldn't put a finger on ... I then began to seek for that missing link, going to most every church and attending various meetings ... (and) hearing of a meeting to be held in Boston about the Baháʼí Faith."[248]

I'll never forget entering the large hall and seeing around me such a different type of gathering from the usual Boston crowd. Here were both rich and poor, along with every race. Many were black. I listened to a wonderful talk on the Faith by Mr. Harry Randall and was so thrilled! Afterwards I made my way straight to the table where books were being sold in order to learn more about the subject. I picked out as many as could be comfortably carried home on the streetcar, then found to my dismay that I didn't have enough money with which to pay for them! The person at the book stand told me it was all right to take them home and pay at the next meeting.[248]

This may have been an event the Boston Baháʼí community hosted called a "World Unity Conference" as part of a series sponsored by the National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of the United States and covered in the Boston Evening Transcript. Randall helped organize and spoke at it.[254] She then credits Randall, Louise Drake Wright and her sister Mrs. George Nelson as aiding her inquiry into the religion while she read books like Baháʼu'lláh and the New Era.[248] She officially joined the religion in 1929.[248] She was visible in the 1930 Race Amity Convention held at Green Acre,[255] and left on Baháʼí pilgrimage in late March 1931 with her then 19 yr. old daughter.[248] They spent three weeks in the area of Haifa and left by way of Jerusalem taking in Christian paths of pilgrimage.[248] She then attended the 1931 national convention reporting on events in Boston as the Chair of the Boston Assembly.[256] She wrote of her pilgrimage in Star of the West in July 1931,[257] and spoke of it in August.[258]

She would continue working with the religion with occasional gaps in public mention.[259] In 1948 she was listed as the corresponding secretary of the Baháʼí group of Brookline, Massachusetts,[260]

The Bowditch's moved to Peterborough, New Hampshire in the south of the state in 1959,[261] and attended the 1963 Baháʼí World Congress with a granddaughter,[248] and in 1965 Nancy is pictured on the first local Spiritual Assembly.[262]

Harold died in August 1964 and their home at 12 Pine Street became the official Baháʼí Center of the community in 1967 at which Guy Murchie gave a talk for the opening ceremony.[248]

In 1970 she was at the official presentation of a Baháʼí book to then Governor Walter R. Peterson Jr.[263] and published a book on her father.[264]

1972 she was noted for a Portsmouth Friends of the Library,[265] spoke at Meriden Connecticut on her memory of meeting ʻAbdu'l-Bahá,[266] and aided in costumes for play at Keene State College.[267]

Urbain Ledoux

See main article: Urbain Ledoux. Urbain J. Ledoux, (August 13, 1874 – April 8, 1941,) later known as "Mr. Zero", referring to his not wanting his own name to be prominent, was motivated early in his quest of service to humanity.[268] After various stages of a career of service to others he reached the stage of a career diplomat.[147] [269] [270] His approach of advocating for business development as a means to promote the interests of humanity was challenged, that it would be fruitless for higher aims unless personal transformation were brought to bear. He quit the diplomatic service and sought to work with non-governmental organizations for both business and peace interests. Soon he was working with the Baháʼís[147] and present during the conflict over the status of Sarah Farmer as noted above.[271] After that he then began to found institutions seeking to aide humanity, making news first with the unemployment after the First World War among workers and veterans with a breadline in 1919.[272] [273]

He advocated for the Baháʼí Faith but was often misunderstood,[147] [274] [275] though he did so with a limited understanding of the principles of the religion and proceeded to set up events aimed at raising awareness of the suffering of the unemployed in New York and Boston.[147] [274] His efforts were seen as too confrontational and his events were repeatedly shut down even when he sought to be less confrontational and have discussions with leaders. The work was renewed with greater intensity during the Great Depression but he was in his 60s already and died soon after. Some of his work and antics were recorded in pictures and newsreels.[276] [277] He died in 1941.[278]

Sadie and Marby Oglesby

See main article: Sadie and Marby Oglesby.

African-Americans Sadie (April 10, 1881[279] - Feb 1956[280]) and Marby Oglesby (January 14, 1870[281] - May 19, 1945[282]) became interested in the religion in 1913, joined it in 1917,[282] were visible in newspapers giving talks on the religion since the 1920s through most of their lives,[283] and Sadie went on Baháʼí pilgrimage in March 1927 during which race issues were a prominent part of the conversations and that Sadie should take a more engaged effort towards encouraging whites towards that unity as well as blacks.[284] Sadie was the third black pilgrim, the first black woman, the first black pilgrim to meet Shoghi Effendi as head of the religion.[285] [282] Mabry was a railroad Pullman porter[286] and president of the Boston chapter of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters in 1936.[287] Sadie also worked and taught as a nurse.[288] The couple had married in Washington DC in 1901[289] Both were also elected to the Boston Spiritual Assembly over many years where Sadie often served as secretary and occasionally as treasurer.[282] [290] Louis G. Gregory commented that the Boston Baháʼí community was integrated by 1935 with a large proportion being colored and largely through the work of Sadie.[291]

James Ferdinand Morton

See main article: James Ferdinand Morton Jr..

Beginning in 1907 James Ferdinand Morton, (October 18, 1870 – October 7, 1941,) published a series of articles under "Fragments of a Mental Autobiography" in a journal named Libra[292] which outlines his religious background beginning with Baptist family heritage, goes through Unitarian relatives, and Theosophy exploration,[293] (he was president of the Boston Theosophical Society in 1895)[294] and placing Jesus and the Buddha among those on the highest level of his admiration even if he found fault with all scripture and organized religion. In this period Morton was an avid "evangelist" atheist,[295] and often spoke out against religion,[296] but he had already encountered the Baháʼí Faith which:

At first, I regarded it with amused interest, as one of many little cults; but gradually I found myself drawn into closer and closer relation with it. There was a wideness in its attitude which I had not found elsewhere. It held place for what was best in Christianity, Judaism, Mohammedanism, Buddhism, Freethought and all the rest, warring with none of these, but finding each of them definitely serviceable to the larger spiritual plan of the universe. It is the great reconciler and harmonizer. I have discovered in it an abiding-place which I had sought in vain for many restless years. It increases, rather than decreases, my eagerness to continue the investigation of truth without bias, and to labor energetically in all branches of human service. I have no fault to find with the differing conclusions of other truth-lovers, and am ready to work with them all as occasion offers.[293] (near 1910)[297]

He became a convert to the religion in later life.[295] [298] Morton is visibly in Baháʼí circles from 1915 on the program of presenters at Green Acre.[299]

Progress of the local community

In 1913 the Boston Baháʼí community rented a room on Huntington Avenue for its weekly public meetings followed in 1914 when it moved to the S.S. Pierce building in Copley Square.[35]

In 1917 greater Boston communities were noted sending delegates to the national convention:[300] a combined Beverly-Salem MA delegation (Clarence H. Lunt, Edw. D. Struven), Boston proper (W. H. Randall, A. W. Randall), Cambridge (M. A. Doer), Dublin, NH (Frank A. Chant, Leona St. C Barnitz), Eliot, ME (Kate C. Ives), and Worcester, MA (Howard Stuven, Helen C Greene).

News of the survival of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá near the end of World War I made the Boston Post, October 1918.[301]

In 1919 the Boston Baháʼí community rented a twelve-room house[35] at 120 Charles St. which continued in early 1920.[302] In July a meeting was held at Hotel Victoria.[303] Baháʼí pilgrims returning by the end of the year were noted in the Boston Post included Mrs. C H Cooper., H. S. Goodall, and A. J. Frankland.[304] By early 1921 a more sustained series of meetings are held at Chauncy Hall at 585 Boylston St, (former home of local suffrage meetings,)[305] Sunday evenings.[306] And there was December coverage of the death of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá in neighboring Fritchburg.[307]

In 1926 the Boston Baháʼí community hosted a "World Unity Conference"[35] as noted above where Nancy Bowditch learned of the religion. The first day long meeting was held at Steinert Hall, the second at the Second Unitarian Church, and third at the Church of the Redemption where Randall chaired the day.

In 1939 Louise Erickson took a trip around New England promoting the religion.[308]

In 1940 the Local Spiritual Assembly of Boston was incorporated,[35] and the community held its own "Race Unity Day" in 1945.[35]

In 1950 the Boston Baháʼí Center was established at 116 Commonwealth Avenue[35] and a regional conference was held August 1951 in Fritchburg with Baháʼís from the region and beyond.[309] In March/April 1952 the Baháʼí Spiritual Assembly of Boston was interviewed for the show "Our Believing World" on station WBZ-TV.[310]

Guy Murchie

See main article: Guy Murchie. Guy Murchie (Jr.), (25 January 1907 - 8 July 1997,) the son of Ethel A. and Guy Murchie Sr.[311] [312] Sr Murchie was close to President Theodore Roosevelt such that while sitting as president Theodore Roosevelt and his wife attended Guy Jr.'s christening.[313] Guy Jr was raised as an Episcopalian,[314] attended Kent School, which at the time was just "for Boys", graduated from Harvard in 1929.[315] Murchie's interest in the Baháʼí Faith began when he was tasked with writing an article about the Baháʼí House of Worship in Wilmette, Illinois around 1938,[312] [316] [317] and then officially joined the religion 1939.[318] He had been impressed with the unique qualities of the temple being a blend of east and west styles, and extended his interest when his insights of the biological unity of humanity was raised to a spiritual affirmation.[312] In 1946 Murchie and then wife Barbara Cooney moved to Pepperell, Massachusetts and worked with the high school.[319] though Cooney and Murchie divorced in 1947.[320] In 1954 Murchie toured Iran visiting several sites holy to Baháʼís.[321] Diary notes of his travels became the basis of a series of articles in the 1960s and later. But starting in 1955 he began to be more public with his choice of religion[322] - several news stories in the wider media noted it which were closely followed by Baháʼís.[323] However it wasn't until the passing of his father in 1958[324] that he became even more public - not least was his own public statement in 1958 in the Chicago Tribune "I am a Baháʼí".[314]

Matthew Bullock Sr

See main article: Matthew W. Bullock. Matthew Washington Bullock (September 11, 1881 in Dabney, North Carolina - December 17, 1972, Detroit, Michigan) rose to distinction in many fields mostly in the greater Boston area for much of his life, and many of them with instances of racism in opposition to his life and skill, through which he persevered as a pioneer for justice and humanity.[325] [326] [327] [328] He began with American football playing and coaching achieving firsts, degrees from Dartmouth(1904) and Harvard Law School,(1907) service in Morehouse College and Alabama A & M University and during World War I, then on various appointed positions in Massachusetts State government totaling some 26 years, most notably the State Parole Board including 5 years as its chair, was locally and then nationally known as a member of the National Urban League and the leadership of the Massachusetts Bar Association. While several of these were ongoing he joined the Bahá'í Faith in 1940 after membership in different Christian Churches. Without electioneering in Bahá'í administration,[329] in a decade and a year after serving on the Boston Bahá'í Spiritual Assembly and the Regional Teaching Committee he was elected to the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States. On his second term, after pilgrimage and taking part in the Intercontinental Bahá'í Conference in Uganda, being of service in Africa and the dedication of the Bahá'í House of Worship in Wilmette, he resigned along with many of his co-members to pioneer during the Ten Year Crusade for which he was named a Knight of Bahá'u'lláh because he chose a virgin territory. After returning home he undertook tours in the North and South in America promoting the religion, a final year of service with state government, and then was given two honorary degrees - first from Harvard Law School and second from Dartmouth College. He's buried in Boston.[330] [331]

Increasing recognition

In 1960 Hand of the Cause, a prominent and renowned Baháʼí, Amatu'l-Baha Ruhiyyih Khanum visited the Boston Baháʼí community and offered several talks during her visit.[35]

The Harvard Crimson's first article noting the religion seems to have been concerning the Baháʼí persecution in Morocco,[332] followed by notice of Harvard Baháʼís attending the first Baháʼí World Congress, both in 1963,[333] including Sam McClellan, nephew of Albert Vail.[62]

In 1965 the first assembly is noted in Fitchburg.[334]

In 1966 another regional conference held.[335]

In 1967 the Boston Baháʼís move their Center to 40 St. Botolph Street.[35]

Boston College had a class on the religion circa 1968.[336]

Quiet since 1963, the Harvard Crimson's next mention of the religion was in 1970.[337] It was followed up in 1971[338] and 1973.[339]

A number of Portsmouth New Hampshire Baháʼís - Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Milden with children Steve and Laugel, Elizabeth Frazier and Ruth Silva - left to attend a conference of Baháʼís in South Carolina in Spring 1970 right at the beginning of a period of intense growth of the religion there.[340]

Local Unitarian Universalist held a meeting on the religion in 1971 and Dwight W. Allen, then of the University of Massachusetts School of Education, was among speakers on the religion.[341]

In 1974 local 'Old Ipswich Days' fair of Ipswich, Massachusetts had Baháʼí participants,[342] while Baháʼís Seals and Crofts played at the Boston Music Hall in March.[343]

In 1977 the Boston Baháʼí Center established a lending library as well as regular programming for children and collective activities to promote awareness of the religion.[35]

Circa 1983 the Harvard-Radcliffe Baháʼí Association (college club) was noted having 12 members.[344] The club was more profiled in 1987.[345]

In 1986 the city council of Cambridge and Mayor released a proclamation recommending that the whole city read and take to heart: The Promise of World Peace, written by the Universal House of Justice, then and current head of the religion.[35] [346] An article also ran in The Heights profiling a college student from Iran at Boston College,[347] and a campus meeting about the religion.[348]

In 1988 the national assembly of the United States picked Boston among its four foci for expansion of the religion and a conference of some 800 Baháʼís gathered.[349]

In 1990 the Boston Baháʼís move their Center to 495 Columbus Avenue and it is moved again in 1993 to its current location at 595 Albany Street.[35]

Modern community

In the 1990s, Baháʼís attending Harvard were occasionally noted in The Harvard Crimson, whether commenting about issues on campus,[350] or being profiled about the persecution of Baháʼís in Iran.[351] In 2002, Baháʼí words were included in a 9/11 commemoration on campus.[352] In 2004, a student who had converted in high school during a year abroad in the Czech Republic was profiled in The Harvard Crimson.[353] In 2005, the Baha'i association co-sponsored "Belief in Action", a day devoted to service projects,[354] and also supported interfaith discussions.[355] In 2006, without referencing the Baháʼí club, campus groups turned out in support of an Iran Freedom Concert on the Harvard campus,[356] and noted a number issues related to the Baháʼí Institute for Higher Education, in Iran.[357] Baháʼís were noted as Abrahamic in 2006.[358] The club was again profiled by The Harvard Crimson in 2007, when it was only six members and two overseas,[359] reporting that it was still active in supporting interfaith events.[360] In 2011, Rainn Wilson's support of events related to freedom of education in Iran, including the Baháʼí Institute for Higher Education, was noted on the Harvard campus.[361]

From 1996 to the present, the Greater Boston Baháʼí community adopted a systematic approach to grassroots community development taking root in Baháʼí communities all over the world, based around four core activities: study circles, children's classes, junior youth groups, and devotional meetings.[35]

In 2008, the Boston Baháʼí community participated in the Stamford, Connecticut regional conferences convened by the Baháʼí Universal House of Justice.[362] In 2011 and 2012, Boston University and MIT were among the cites for a campaign about the barriers to college education in Iran, to which the Baháʼí Institute for Higher Education was a response.[349] A youth regional conference was also held in 2013.[363] The reformed Race Amity Convention system was re-established by the National Center for Race Amity starting in 2010,[364] which helped establish the Masschusettes observance of Race Amity Day in 2015,[365] and its continued observance,[366] as well as a nationally telecast documentary on positive race relations, An American story : Race Amity and the other tradition[367] and another project of conferences in Tennessee, Texas, and Georgia,[368] and a youtube channel.[369]

Demographics

There is no county approaching 1% Baháʼís in the region but there are more Baháʼís per capita in southern New Hampshire.[370] less in Massachusetts,[371] Within that broad pattern there are significant variations - counties where the county level per capita count of Baháʼís is several times above or below the average. In Franklin County, Massachusetts[372] and Hampshire County, Massachusetts[373] there are 5x higher concentration of Baháʼís than that state's average, and down to Bristol County, Massachusetts[374] and Plymouth County, Massachusetts[375] at about half the average. On one end of the greater area, for Rhode Island, per capita Baháʼí counts range from a bit above Rhode Island average in Newport, Rhode Island,[376] to a low in Bristol County, Rhode Island at half that state's average.[377] And on the other end of the greater area in southern New Hampshire, per capita Baháʼí counts range from a high in Belknap County, New Hampshire[378] to a low of near a third of that in Rockingham County, New Hampshire.[379]

In Massachusetts, in addition to Boston, today there are Local Spiritual Assemblies, the local administrative body, in Brookline, Cambridge, Malden, Medford, Newton, Somerville, Waltham, and Watertown.[36]

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Christopher Buck . . W. J. Hanegraaff . P. Pratap Kumar . Studies in Modern Religions and Religious Movements and the Babi/Baha'i Faiths . The eschatology of globalization: the multiple-messiahship of Baháʼu'lláh revisited. http://christopherbuck.com/pdf/Buck_2004_Globalization.pdf . Brill Academic Publishers . Mumen Book Series, Studies in the history of religions . CIV . August 2004 . 143–173 . 9789004139046 .
  2. News: A Mahometan Schism . Boston Courier . Boston, Massachusetts . 4 . Dec 29, 1845 .
  3. Web site: First newspaper story of the events of the Bábí Fait . compiled by Steven Kolins . 2013 . Bahai-Library.com . June 10, 2017 .
  4. Book: Momen, Moojan . 1981 . The Babi and Baha'i Religions, 1844-1944: Some Contemporary Western Accounts . Oxford, England . George Ronald . 0-85398-102-7 . 3–4, 10, 73, 528 .
  5. News: Mahometan Schism . Boston Evening Transcript . Boston, Massachusetts . 4 . Jan 21, 1846 .
  6. News: Mahommedan Schism . Christian Witness and Church Advocate . Boston, Massachusetts . 2 . Jan 23, 1846 .
  7. News: Mahommedan Schism . 'Christian Journal . Exeter, New Hampshire . 3 . Feb 5, 1846 .
  8. News: Punishment for apostasy . Massachusetts Spy . Worcester, Massachusetts . 3 . June 2, 1847 .
  9. Book: Nabíl-i-Zarandí . Nabíl-i-Aʻzam . 1890 . 1932 . The Dawn-Breakers: Nabíl's Narrative . http://bahai-library.com/books/dawnbreakers/chapters/8.html#146 . The Bab's stay in Shiraz after the pilgrimage; Interrogation by Husayn Khan of Mulla Sadiq . Shoghi Effendi (translator) . Baháʼí Publishing Trust . Wilmette, Illinois, USA . 0-900125-22-5 . 146–8 .
  10. News: A new religious sect ... . Christian Alliance and Family Visiter . Boston, Massachusetts . 3 . Nov 29, 1850 .
  11. Web site: Early mention of Bábís in western newspapers, summer 1850 . compiled by Ralph Wagner . Steven Kolins . Sep 17, 2010 . Bahai-Library.com . June 10, 2017 .
  12. Book: Elizabeth Strout . Andrew Keogh . Catalogue of the library of the American oriental society . Yale University Library . 1930 . New Haven, Connecticut . iii–v . Preface . http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015033602007;view=1up;seq=11 .
  13. American Oriental Society . The Literary World . 8 . 228 . 470 . June 14, 1851 . Dec 11, 2017.
  14. News: Austin H. Wright . . A New Prophet . Green Mountain Freeman . Montpelier Vermont . 1 . June 26, 1851 . March 12, 2015.
  15. Web site: Stephen L. Dyson . Lucy Wright Mitchell, 1845-1888 . Classics Department, University of Buffalo . April 13, 2005 . March 11, 2015 .
  16. Web site: Justin Perkins . Justin Perkins . The beloved physician - a sermon occasioned by the death of the Rev Austin H. Wright, M. D. . Oroomiah, Persia . NIH . February 8, 1965 . March 12, 2015 .
  17. Rev. Austin H. Wright . A Short Chapter in the History of Bâbeeism in Persia . Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Oriental Society . 10–11 . American Oriental Society . Boston, MA . May 18–19, 1853.
  18. Additions to the Library and Cabinet of the American Oriental Society, September 1855 - October 1856 . Journal of the American Oriental Society . 5 . 1856 . 592219 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150712104822/http://scans.library.utoronto.ca/pdf/1/27/journalofamerica05ameruoft/journalofamerica05ameruoft.pdf . July 12, 2015. Aug 15, 2021. Whitney . William D. . xxiii–xliii .
  19. Book: Elizabeth Strout . Catalogue of the library of the American oriental society . Yale University Library . 1930 . New Haven, Connecticut . 202, 205 .
  20. Book: Ernest Renan. The Origins of Christianity: The apostles. 1866. Carleton. 299–301.
    see also News: Under "Some New Books", "vi" . The Sun . New York, New York . 22 . September 11, 1898 . June 2, 2015.
  21. Web site: Stephen Greenleaf Bulfinch - 1809-1870 . NetHymnal . Jan 18, 2013 . June 2, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121022235448/http://www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/b/u/l/bulfinch_sg.htm. October 22, 2012.
  22. Web site: Zach Reisch . Diary Offers a Unique Glimpse of the Civil War . Official Website of the Massachusetts Historical Society . August 11, 2011 . June 1, 2015.
  23. Book: Stephen Greenleaf Bulfinch . Stephen Greenleaf Bulfinch . Studies in the evidences of Christianity . Babism. https://archive.org/stream/cu31924031235546#page/n141/mode/2up . William V Spencer . 1869 . Boston, Massachusetts . 129–140 .
  24. James T. Bixby . James Thompson Bixby . Babism and the Bab . The New World; A Quarterly Review of Religion, Ethics, and Theology . 6 . 24 . 722–750 . December 1897 .
  25. News: Various new publications - In "The New World"... . The Sacred Heart Review . 19 . 1 . Boston, Massachusetts . 19 . 1 January 1898 . June 2, 2015.
  26. News: Conference School of Comparative Religion . Cambridge Tribune . Cambridge Massachusetts . 5 . 11 May 1901 . June 1, 2015.
  27. James T. Bixby . James Thompson Bixby . What is Behaism? . North American Review . 195 . 679 . 833–846 . June 1912 . 25119778 . July 11, 2015.
  28. News: What is Behaism? . The Brooklyn Daily Eagle . Brooklyn, New York . 12 . 9 Aug 1912 . July 11, 2015.
  29. News: Howard MacNutt . Interview at Hotel Ansonia, New York City, April 13, 1912 - Abdu'l-Baha, Rev. J. T. Bixby and Rev. Howard Colby Ives . 3 . 8 . Star of the West . 5–8 . Aug 1, 1912 . July 11, 2015 .
  30. The Baha'i Faith in America - Origins 1892-1900, vol 1, by Robert Stockman, 1985, pp. 4–5, 36–37, 95, 130–131, 209
    • News: A weird sect . The Davenport Democrat and Leader . Davenport, Iowa . 8 . 1 Nov 1900 . June 2, 2015 .
    • News: Literary Notes . The Saint Paul Globe . Saint Paul, Minnesota . 4 . 7 Nov 1900 . June 2, 2015 .
  32. Web site: Chronology of the Bábí and Baháʼí Faiths and related history . Bahai-library.com . 2015 . June 2, 2015 .
  33. Book: Will C. van den Hoonaard. The Origins of the Baháʼí Community of Canada, 1898-1948. 30 October 2010. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. 978-1-55458-706-3. 25.
  34. Book: Green Acre on the Piscataqua. 2012. 3rd. 1991. Baha'i Publishing Trust . 978-0-87743-364-4 . Anne Gordon Perry . Rosanne Adams-Junkins. Robert Atkinson. Richard Grover. Diane Iverson. Robert H Stockman. Burton W.F. Trafton Jr..
  35. Web site: Timeline of the Baháʼí Faith in Greater Boston . Pluralism.org . Jan 28, 2010 . June 2, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150417183719/http://pluralism.org/files/wrgb/bahai/Bahai_Timeline.pdf. April 17, 2015 .
  36. Web site: The Baháʼí Faith in Greater Boston . Pluralism.org . Feb 3, 2010 . June 2, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150424233241/http://pluralism.org/pages/wrgb/resources/bahai/essay. April 24, 2015.
  37. http://bahai-library.com/rideout_history_community_boston Early History of the Baháʼí Community in Boston, Massachusetts
  39. Richardson . Robert P. . The Rise and Fall of the Parliament of Religions at Greenacre . The Open Court . 45 . 3 . 129–166 . March 1931 . Nov 4, 2014.
  40. Book: Robert H. Stockman. The Baháʼí Faith in America: Early expansion, 1900-1912. 1985. Baháʼí Pub. Trust. 978-0-85398-388-0 . 80, 145–147, 190.
  42. News: Came on the Minnehaha . The Brooklyn Daily Eagle . Brooklyn, New York . 24 . June 24, 1901 . April 25, 2015 .
  43. Book: Alexander, Agnes Baldwin . Barbara Sims . History of the Baháʼí Faith in Japan 1914-1938 . Japan Baháʼí Publishing Trust . 1977 . Osaka, Japan . 21 .
  45. Book: John William Leonard. Albert Nelson Marquis. Who's who in America. 1901. Marquis Who's Who. 390.
  46. News: Mrs. Mary H. Ford, of Chicago ... . Kansas City Journal . Kansas City, Missouri . 7 . 31 Aug 1899 . April 18, 2015.
  47. Book: Marzieh Gail. Arches of the Years. 1991. George Ronald. 978-0-85398-325-5.
  48. Web site: Stockman . Robert . Notes, 1903-1904 . American Baha'i History, 1892-1912 - Robert Stockman's Notes in the National Baháʼí Archives . 1986 . April 25, 2015 .
  49. News: Mrs Mary Hanford Ford of Boston will give ... . Boston Globe . Boston, Massachusetts . 85 . November 1, 1903 . April 18, 2015.
  50. News: With Russia wiping out ... . The Wilmington Messenger . Wilmington, North Carolina . 6 . 7 Aug 1903 . June 2, 2015 .
  52. News: An American Sultana . The Pioneer . Bemidji, Minnesota . 3 . 6 Jul 1911 . June 2, 2015 .
  53. News: Persian weds American . Bisbee Daily Review . Bisbee, Arizona . 8 . 6 Nov 1904 . June 2, 2015 .
  54. News: A society woman . The Sun . Chanute, Kansas . 6 . 22 Nov 1896 . June 2, 2015 .
  55. News: Mrs. Alice Ives Breed ... . The Washington Herald . Washington, District of Columbia . 5 . 2 Mar 1912 . June 2, 2015 .
  56. Book: Frances Elizabeth Willard. Mary Ashton Rice Livermore. A Woman of the Century: Fourteen Hundred-seventy Biographical Sketches Accompanied by Portraits of Leading American Women in All Walks of Life. 1893. Moulton. 118. 9780722217139.
  57. News: Militants try an American . Boston Evening Transcript . Boston, Massachusetts . 4 . Apr 26, 1913 . May 4, 2015.
  58. Book: R. Jackson Armstrong-Ingram . Juan R. Cole . Moojan Momen . Music, devotions, and Mashriqu'l-Adhkar . Kalimat Press . Studies in Babi and Baha'i history . 4 . revised . 1987 . 18 . 0-933770-16-2 .
  59. http://bahai-library.com/pdf/l/lucas_my_visit_acca.pdf A brief account of my visit to Acca by Mary L. Lucas
  60. Book: Nathan Ward Fitz-Gerald. The new revelation: its marvelous message. 1905. 259.
  61. News: Children flock to learn from Dr. Albert Vail/Philosophy class is unique . Sue Carson . The News-Palladium . Benton Harbor, Michigan . 4 . 27 September 1963 . June 2, 2015 .
  62. News: Dr Vail, Philosopher, dies at 85 . The News-Palladium . Benton Harbor, Michigan . 12 . 21 May 1966 . June 2, 2015.
  63. Book: Unitarian Year Book. 1904. American Unitarian Association. 100, 104, 110.
  64. Book: Jane C. Anderson . A history of Channing-Murray Foundation and its Red Herring . Channing-Murray Foundation, Unitarian Universalist . 2000 . 1979 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131105033418/http://www.channingmurray.org/docs/CM-History.pdf . November 5, 2013 . 0-932884-25-3.
  65. News: Harvard alumni aghast . The New York Press . New York, New York . 1 . Feb 10, 1905 . Apr 24, 2021.
  66. News: Persian medic delivers address on Bahaism . Daily Illini . Urbana, Illinois . 1 . 1 May 1907 . June 2, 2015 .
  67. Web site: Abdu'l-baha walking on the grounds of Green Acre . National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of the United States . 2011 . June 2, 2015 .
  68. News: To leave for Persia . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 4 . 2 Apr 1906 . June 2, 2015 .
  69. News: Women's Clubs; (right col) A distinguished company gathered ... . Boston Evening Transcript . Boston, Massachusetts . 30 . Mar 18, 1905 . June 28, 2015 .
  70. News: Lillian Whiting . Boston Days . The Times-Democrat . New Orleans, Louisiana . 38 . 11 Apr 1909 . May 10, 2016 .
  72. News: In memoriam . Baháʼí News . 81 . 7 . Feb 1934 . June 28, 2015 .
  73. Book: Robert H. Stockman. The Baha'i Faith in America: Early Expansion 1900-1912. 1 May 1995. George Ronald Publisher, Limited. 978-0-85398-387-3. 218–219.
  74. News: William H. Randall, 1863–1929 . Ruth Wales Randall . Star of the West . 20 . 1 . 22–24 . April 1929 . June 19, 2015.
  75. Web site: Muriel Ives Barrow Newhall . Mother's stories and Stories of Abdu'l-Baha as told by Mother . Bahai-Library.com . 1998 . 1970 . June 1, 2015.
  76. News: Forming College Clubs . The Inter Ocean . Chicago, Illinois . 2 . 22 Sep 1908 . 26 Feb 2014.
  77. News: Mounts to Marshall spellbinders . The Inter Ocean . Chicago, Illinois . 3 . 27 Aug 1904 . 7 Jun 2015.
  78. News: Harlan Ober and family ... . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 5 . 1 Dec 1934 . 11 Jun 2015.
  79. News: Weston Flint visits parents . The Washington Times . Washington, District of Columbia . 6 . 3 Mar 1905 . 7 Jun 2015.
  80. News: Republican college league leaders . The Coffeyville Daily Journal . Coffeyville, Kansas . 4 . 25 Oct 1910 . 7 Jun 2015.
  81. Book: Stanwood Cobb . Stanwood Cobb . In His Presence:Visits to ʻAbdu'l-Bahá . Memories of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 1908: 1910: 1912: 1913 . http://bahai-library.com/wilhelm_cobb_his_presence&chapter=2 . Kalimat Press . 1989 . 25–29 . 0-933770-71-5 .
  82. Book: Leigh Eric Schmidt. Restless Souls: The Making of American Spirituality. 6 August 2012. University of California Press. 978-0-520-95411-3. 218.
  83. Web site: Robert Stockman . Robert Stockman's Notes in the National Baháʼí Archives . h-net.org . 1986 . June 28, 2015.
  84. Book: The Baháʼí World . Ruth L. Dunbar . In Memoriam: Stanwood Cobb, 1881-1982 . Baháʼí World Centre . 18 . 1986 . 814–816 . http://bahai-library.com/books/bw18/800-825.html .
  85. https://www.h-net.org/~bahai/notes/bourgeoi.htm Bourgeois, Jean-Baptiste Louis (1856-1930) - Designer of Mashriqu'l-Adhkar at Wilmette, Illinois, United States of America
  86. Book: Effendi , Shoghi . Shoghi Effendi . 1944 . God Passes By . Baháʼí Publishing Trust . Wilmette, Illinois, USA . 0-87743-020-9 .
  87. News: Hooper Harris . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 8 . 30 Jul 1934 . 11 Jun 2015 .
  88. Book: Robert H. Stockman . Margit Warburg . Annika Hvithamar . Morten Warmind . Baha'i and Globalization . The Baha'i Faith and Globalization 1900-1912. http://kamalacademy.org/OCF/StockmanGlobalization.pdf . Aarhus University Press . ENNER studies on new religions . 7 . 2005 . Denmark . 86–87 . 9788779341098 .
  89. Web site: Robert Stockman . Notes on the Thornton Chase Papers . h-net.org . 1995 . June 16, 2015 .
  90. News: The philosophers of the world meet at Green Acre . Lewiston Evening Journal . Lewiston, Maine . 11 . Aug 2, 1907 . June 1, 2015.
  91. Book: Annamarie Honnold. Vignettes from the Life of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. 1982. G. Ronald. 978-0-85398-129-9. 174.
  92. News: Claims college men for Taft . The Inter Ocean . Chicago, Illinois . 5 . 17 Sep 1908 . 7 Jun 2015 .
  93. News: Republican college league . The Allentown Leader . Allentown, Pennsylvania . 1 . 31 Aug 1908 . 7 Jun 2015.
  94. News: Events of Eliot . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 1 . 1 Sep 1909 . 7 Jun 2015.
  95. News: So runs the world away . The Wichita Daily Eagle . Wichita, Kansas . 4 . 16 Jan 1908 . June 2, 2015 .
  96. Jean Masson . The "Bahai Revelation": Its western advance . The American Review of Reviews . 39 . 2 . 214–216 . February 1909 . June 28, 2015.
  98. News: Persia's new envoy . The New York Times . New York, New York . 4 . 2 Sep 1910 . June 2, 2015 .
  99. News: Alfred E. Lunt, city solicitor for Beverly, Mass ... . The Washington Herald . Washington, District of Columbia . 4 . 6 Jan 1911 . June 19, 2015 .
  100. News: Orient-Occident Unity . Star of the West . 2 . 1 . 6 . March 21, 1911 . June 19, 2015.
  101. News: United States; Boston, Mass. . Star of the West . 2 . 3 . 9 . April 28, 1911 . June 19, 2015.
  102. News: Seeks trade of Asia . The Washington Post . Washington, District of Columbia . 11 . 17 Mar 1912 . 11 Aug 2014.
  104. Book: Parsons, Agnes. Hollinger. Richard. in America; Agnes Parsons' Diary. 1996. Kalimat Press . 23–26, 31–34, 116, 113–120. US. 978-0-933770-91-1 .
  105. Book: Morrison, Gayle . To move the world : Louis G. Gregory and the advancement of racial unity in America . Baháʼí Publishing Trust . Wilmette, Ill . 1982 . 0-87743-188-4.
  106. Book: Dr. Ward, Allan L.. 239 Days; ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's Journey in America. 1979. US Baháʼí Publishing Trust. 40–41, 71–74, 117–132 . 978-0-87743-129-9 .
  107. Book: Balyuzi, H.M.. The Centre of the Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh. Paperback. 2001. George Ronald. 978-0-85398-043-8. 232. Hasan M. Balyuzi. Oxford, UK.
  108. News: A Message from Abdul Baha, Head of the Bahais . New York Times . 21 April 1912 . 29 March 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20121110005705/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1912/04/21/100583140.pdf. 10 November 2012.
  109. News: Boston Letter; A Continuous issue of Books Planned by its Publishers; Bahaism . New York Times . 28 April 1912 . 29 March 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20121110005714/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1912/04/28/100362517.pdf. 10 November 2012.
  110. Book: Zarqáni, Mírzá Mahmúd-i-. Mahmúd's Diary Chronicling ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's Journey to America. https://web.archive.org/web/20131228031741/http://bahai-library.com/zarqani_mahmuds_diary. 28 December 2013. 1913. 1998. George Ronald. Oxford, UK. 978-0-85398-418-4. 100–103, 209–220.
  111. Book: Ives, Howard Colby. Portals to Freedom. https://web.archive.org/web/20121026133409/http://bahai-library.org/books/portals/. 26 October 2012. 1937. 1983. George Ronald. UK. 978-0-85398-013-1. 63–67, 196.
  112. News: Head of New Religion of Peace . Atlanta Constitution. 7 . American Press Association . 30 May 1912 . .
  113. Book: Report of the annual Lake Mohonk Conference on International Arbitration. 1912. Harvard University. Lake Mohonk. 42–44 .
  114. News: Head of New religion Prominent at Lake Mohonk Conference . The Lowell Sun . 6 . 18 May 1912 . 30 April 2010.
  115. Book: Lacroix-Hopson, Eliane . ʻAbdu'l-Bahá . ʻAbdu'l-Bahá in New York- The City of the Covenant . NewVistaDesign . 1987 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131216001528/http://bahai-library.com/hopson_abdulbaha_new_york . 16 December 2013 .
  116. Elkinton. Joseph. The Mohonk Conference on Peace and International Arbitration of 1912. 27 March 2010. 85. 30 May 1912. Edwin P. Sellew. 379. 48. The Friend; A Religious and Literary Journal .
  117. Book: Free Religious Association (Boston, Mass.). Proceedings at the 45th Annual meeting of the Free Religious Association. 1912. Adams & Co.. 84–90 .
  118. Book: Spring, Agnes Wright. William Chapin Deming of Wyoming pioneer publisher, and state and federal official. 1944. Arthur H. Clark Company. 161.
  119. Bixby . James T. . What is Behaism? . The North American Review . 195. 679. June 1912 . 833–846. 25119778.
  120. News: Marriage announced . The Pittsburgh Post . Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania . 5 . 23 Jul 1912 . 11 Jun 2015.
  121. Web site: The Wedding of Grace & Harlan Ober . thejourneywest.org . July 17, 2012 . June 16, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150616162820/http://www.thejourneywest.org/2012/07/17/the-wedding-of-grace-harlan-ober/. June 16, 2015.
  122. Book: Zarqáni, Mírzá Mahmúd-i- . Mahmúd's Diary Chronicling ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's Journey to America . https://web.archive.org/web/20140722110120/http://bahai-library.com/zarqani_mahmuds_diary%26chapter%3D11 . 22 July 2014 . 1913 . 1998 . George Ronald . Oxford, UK . 978-0-85398-418-4 . dead .
  123. News: Hear prophet from orient . Boston Evening Transcript . Boston, Massachusetts . 14 . May 23, 1912 . June 28, 2015 .
  124. Web site: Caitlin Shayda Jones. Jonathan Menon . Jonathan Menon . Shahin Sobhani . William Henry Randall and a Glass of Grape Juice . 239 Days in America; a social media documentary . August 29, 2012 . June 20, 2015 .
  125. Web site: Robert Sockett . Jonathan Menon . Jonathan Menon . Shahin Sobhani . The Methods for Investigating Truth . 239 Days in America; a social media documentary . August 17, 2012 . June 20, 2015 .
  126. Web site: Robert Sockett . Jonathan Menon . Jonathan Menon . Shahin Sobhani . Fred Mortensen Rides the Rails . 239 Days in America; a social media documentary . August 20, 2012 . June 20, 2015 .
  127. Web site: Robert Sockett . Jonathan Menon . Jonathan Menon . Shahin Sobhani . The Unmistakable and Universal Reformation . 239 Days in America; a social media documentary . August 24, 2012 . June 20, 2015 .
  128. Web site: Caitlin Shayda Jones. Jonathan Menon . Jonathan Menon . Shahin Sobhani . Women's Work . 239 Days in America; a social media documentary . August 27, 2012 . June 20, 2015 .
  129. Web site: Caitlin Shayda Jones. Jonathan Menon . Jonathan Menon . Shahin Sobhani . The Responsibilities of Oneness . 239 Days in America; a social media documentary . August 28, 2012 . June 20, 2015 .
  130. The detailed moment Vail met ʻAbdu'l-Bahá is unknown. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá arrived in Malden August 23 - Web site: Robert Sockett . Jonathan Menon . Jonathan Menon . Shahin Sobhani . The Unmistakable and Universal Reformation . 239 Days in America; a social media documentary . August 24, 2012 . June 20, 2015 . and Vail was in Illinois by August 28 - News: In the afternoon ... . The Pantagraph . Bloomington, Illinois . 10 . 28 August 1912 . 6 Oct 2014.
  131. Book: Scott , Ethel Forbes . The Unitarian Church in Champaign-Urbana, 1907-1957; a brief account. The Unitarian Church in Urbana, Ill. 1957. Vail is mentioned extensively but some pages of priority are:p. 6, 11–13, 26. 25127899M.
  132. News: New religions of Today . Daily Illini . Urbana, Illinois . 6 . 12 January 1913 . June 2, 2015 .
  133. News: Bahai Temple Unity Convention . Star of the West . 147, 149, 150, 151 . September 1914 . June 2, 2015 .
  134. News: Six annual Convention of Baha'i Temple Unity . Alfred Lunt . Star of the West . 71 . June 5, 1914 . June 2, 2015 .
  135. Book: Moomen, Moojan . Smith . Peter . Baháʼís in the West . Kalimat Press . 2004. Esslemont's Survey of the Baha'i World 1919–1920 . https://books.google.com/books?id=x7wyJdyE60oC&pg=PA76 . 63–106 (see esp. 76–83) . 1-890688-11-8.
  136. Book: Jane C. Anderson . A history of Channing-Murray Foundation and its Red Herring . Channing-Murray Foundation . 2000 . 1979 . 11–13 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131105033418/http://www.channingmurray.org/docs/CM-History.pdf . November 5, 2013. 0-932884-25-3.
  137. News: Row over "Pagan Temple" . Arkansas City Daily Traveler . Arkansas City, Kansas . 4 . 12 Aug 1913 . June 21, 2015 .
  138. News: Plan for a new colony . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 1 . 13 Aug 1913 . June 21, 2015.
  139. News: At Grange hall . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 1 . 16 Aug 1913 . June 21, 2015.
  140. News: Sixth annual convention of Bahai Temple Unity, Chicago, April 25–28, 1914 . Alfred E. Lunt . Star of the West . 5 . 4 . 51–53 . May 17, 1914 . June 19, 2015 .
  141. News: Afternoon Session . Alfred E. Lunt . Star of the West . 5 . 10 . 150 . September 8, 1914 . June 19, 2015 .
  142. News: Beha followers to attend conference (continued) . The Oregon Daily Journal . Portland, Oregon . 10 . 15 Apr 1915 . 11 Nov 2014.
  143. News: Truly I say ... . ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. Mirza Ahmad Sohrab . Star of the West . 7. 10 . 95 . September 8, 1916 . June 19, 2015.
  144. News: Green Acre happenings . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 5 . 14 Aug 1915 . 5 Nov 2014.
  146. Robert P. Richardson . The rise and fall of the parliament of religions at Green Acre . The Open Court . 46 . 3 . 129–166 . March 1931 . June 19, 2015.
  147. Book: Daniel Leab. Encyclopedia of American Recessions and Depressions in 2 volumes;. 15 January 2014. ABC-CLIO. 978-1-59884-946-2. 454–457 . Ledoux, Urbain (1874-1941) . https://books.google.com/books?id=qI6dAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA454.
  148. News: Greenacre head taken with force . Boston Post . Boston, Massachusetts . 1 . Aug 4, 1916 . Nov 28, 2014.
  149. News: Foreword . Star of the West . 6 . 17 . 131–132 . Jan 19, 1916 . June 19, 2015 .
  150. News: The first session of the Convention and the third session of the Congress . Louis Gregory . Star of the West . 7 . 7 . 53–54 . July 13, 1916 . June 19, 2015.
  151. News: Relating to the Bahai movement . Boston Post . Boston, Massachusetts . 50 . 27 Aug 1916 . 12 Jun 2014.
  152. News: Bahaists bury Miss Farmer . Boston Post . Boston, Massachusetts . 16 . 27 Nov 1916 . 24 Mar 2015 .
  153. News: Bahaists bury Miss Farmer . Boston Post . Boston, Massachusetts . 16 . 27 Nov 1916 . 24 Mar 2015.
  154. News: 300 Bahaists to meet here . Boston Post . Boston, Massachusetts . 18 . 25 Apr 1917 . 24 Mar 2015.
  155. News: International Bahai congress . Laredo Weekly Times . Laredo, Texas . 1 . 29 Apr 1917 . June 2, 2015 .
  156. News: Bahaists meet Sunday in Boston . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 2 . 25 Apr 1917 . 24 Mar 2015.
  157. News: Opening of 24th season at Green Acre . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 8 . 7 Jul 1917 . 22 Jan 2014.
  158. News: Green Acre activities . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 4 . 27 Jul 1918 . 19 Aug 2014.
  159. News: Bahai Assembly (talks) . Chicago Daily Tribune . Chicago, Illinois . 12 . 24 May 1919 . 8 Aug 2014.
  160. News: (?) Wage Law . The Union Labor Record . Wilmington, North Carolina . 4 . 29 Oct 1922 . 7 Jun 2015.
  161. News: Improvements at Green Acre are planned . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 10 . 11 Aug 1925 . 5 Jun 2015.
  162. News: At Green Acre . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 6 . 21 Aug 1928 . 5 Mar 2015.
  163. News: Baha'i Centre . The Brooklyn Daily Eagle . Brooklyn, New York . 9 . 18 Jan 1930 . 7 Jun 2015.
  164. The Supreme Affliction: A Study in Baháʼí Economics and Socialization" by Alfred E. Lunt, in "The Baháʼí World", vol. 4 (1930-32), (New York: Baháʼí Publishing Committee 1933), pp. 435-60
  165. News: Dedication Temple . The Jacksonville Daily Journal . Jacksonville, Illinois . 6 . 2 May 1931 . 7 Jun 2015.
  166. News: Baha'i Centre . The Brooklyn Daily Eagle . Brooklyn, New York . 7 . 27 Feb 1937 . 7 Jun 2015.
  167. News: Mr. Randall in Montreal . Star of the West . 8 . 1 . 10 . March 21, 1917 . June 19, 2015 .
  168. News: Letter by the President of the Bahai Temple Unity . William H. Randal . Star of the West . 8 . 12 . 148 . Oct 16, 1917 . June 19, 2015.
  169. News: First meeting of the new board of Bahai Temple Unity . Harlan Foster Ober . Star of the West . 9 . 6 . 76 . June 24, 1918 . June 19, 2015.
  170. News: Monday afternoon session . Alfred E. Lunt . Star of the West . 11 . 11 . 176 . September 27, 1920 . June 19, 2015.
  171. News: Green Acre in 1920 . Star of the West . 92–3 . June 5, 1920 . June 2, 2015 .
  172. News: Change of management of the Star of the West . Albert R. Windust . Gertrude Buikema . Star of the West . 13 . 4 . 80 . May 17, 1922 . June 19, 2015.
  173. News: Green Acre . William H. Randall . Star of the West . 13 . 5 . 110–111 . August 1922 . June 19, 2015.
  174. News: Green Acre for over thirty years ... . Star of the West . 14 . 4 . 123 . July 1923 . June 19, 2015.
  175. News: Building the Bahai Temple the Universal Way . Star of the West . 13 . 11 . 313 . Feb 1923 . June 19, 2015.
  176. News: The spirit of the convention; Second Day . Louis G. Gregory . Star of the West . 14 . 3 . 77–78 . June 1923 . June 19, 2015.
  177. News: National Bahai office at Eliot . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 2 . 31 Oct 1925 . June 2, 2015 .
  178. News: Can the races harmonize? . Louis G. Gregory . Star of the West . 19 . 8 . 248–252 . Nov 1928 . June 19, 2015.
  179. News: In Memory of the visit of Abdul Baha . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 6 . 21 Aug 1928 . 9 Jan 2014.
  180. News: Membership of the Executive Board . Star of the West . 8 . 9 . 116–7 . Aug 20, 1917 . June 19, 2015.
  181. News: Pittsburgers will go to Bahai convention . The Pittsburgh Press . Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania . 3 . Apr 20, 1919 . June 11, 2015 .
  182. http://bahai-library.com/abdulbaha_tablets_instructions_explanation Tablets, Instructions and Words of Explanation
  183. News: Bahai assembly . Chicago Daily Tribune . Chicago, Illinois . 12 . 24 May 1919 . 8 Aug 2014.
  184. Book: Gwendolyn Etter-Lewis. Richard Thomas. Richard Walter Thomas. Lights of the Spirit: Historical Portraits of Black Baháʼís in North America, 1898-2004. 2006. Baha'i Publishing Trust. 978-1-931847-26-1. 76–77, 184–187.
  185. picture of knighting, Harlan is man on far right next to Grace holding the white paper - Web site: Brent Poirier . Abdu'l-Baha Invested as a Knight of the British Empire . bahai-insights.blogspot.com . August 7, 2010 . June 1, 2015 .
  186. News: Third session of the convention . Louis G. Gregory . Star of the West . 11 . 4 . 72–3 . May 17, 1920 . June 19, 2015.
  187. News: Thursday Morning Session April 29, 1920 . Alfred E. Lunt . Star of the West . 11 . 11 . 199 . September 27, 1920 . June 19, 2015.
  188. News: The Doors of the Kingdom are Open. William H. Randall . 11 . 3 . Star of the West . 43–44 . April 28, 1920 . June 19, 2015 .
  189. News: Bahai . The Brooklyn Daily Eagle . Brooklyn, New York . 5 . 23 Jun 1928 . 11 Jun 2015.
  190. News: Hold Eliot Night at Green Acre . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 4 . 1 Sep 1928 . 26 Feb 2014.
  191. News: Noted lecturer to speak . The Pittsburgh Courier . Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania . 6 . 27 Apr 1929 . 26 Feb 2014.
  192. News: Mr. Harlan Ober, lecturer and representative ... . The Pittsburgh Courier . Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania . 8 . 18 Jan 1930 . 11 Jun 2015 .
  193. News: Bahai . The Brooklyn Daily Eagle . Brooklyn, New York . 9 . 22 Feb 1930 . 11 Jun 2015 .
  194. News: Louis Gregory gives address . New Castle News . New Castle, Pennsylvania . 13 . 20 Oct 1931 . 11 Jun 2015.
  195. News: Have purchased home in Eliot . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 4 . 3 Oct 1932 . 11 Jun 2015.
  197. News: Hadassah has fine meeting . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 4 . 18 Mar 1933 . 11 Jun 2015 .
  198. News: Miss Marguerite B. Rogers . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 8 . 24 Mar 1933 . 11 Jun 2015 .
  199. News: Green Acre Notes (continued) . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 4 . 15 Jul 1933 . 11 Jun 2015.
  200. News: Green Acre notes . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 4 . 17 Jul 1933 . 11 Jun 2015.
  201. News: At Green Acre . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 2 . 12 Aug 1933 . 11 Jun 2015.
  202. News: Sorority branch organized here . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 2 . 26 Sep 1933 . 11 Jun 2015.
  203. News: Harlan Ober of Eliot . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 4 . 30 Sep 1933 . 11 Jun 2015.
  204. News: Kitery Items - The Riverside Woman's Club ... . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 5 . 4 Jan 1934 . 11 Jun 2015.
  205. News: Eliot - The Christian Endeavor Society ... . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 6 . 17 Nov 1934 . 11 Jun 2015 .
  206. News: Speaks before Men's Club . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 6 . 13 Dec 1934 . 11 Jun 2015 .
  207. News: Mr. and Mrs. Harlan Ober ... . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 5 . 28 Mar 1935 . 11 Jun 2015 .
  208. News: Miss Mary Ober, who attends ... . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 5 . 17 Jun 1935 . 11 Jun 2015.
  209. News: Harlan Ober will address ... . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 6 . 11 Jan 1936 . 11 Jun 2015.
  210. News: Col. Henry S. Culver . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 4 . 11 Feb 1936 . 11 Jun 2015 .
    • News: Mrs. Grace Ober dies suddenly . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 1 . 2 May 1938 . 11 Jun 2015 .
    • News: Funeral notice . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 10 . 3 May 1938 . 11 Jun 2015 .
    • News: Mrs. Harlan Ober . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 4 . 5 May 1938 . 11 Jun 2015.
  212. News: To give address on Sunday . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 8 . 2 Jul 1938 . 11 Jun 2015 .
  213. News: Boston speaker to be here Wednesday night . The Pantagraph . Bloomington, Illinois . 9 . 11 Dec 1938 . 11 Jun 2015.
  214. News: Greenacre program to open July 3 . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 7 . 22 Jun 1939 . 11 Jun 2015.
  215. News: To observe Baha'i day tomorrow . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 8 . 14 Oct 1939 . 11 Jun 2015.
  216. News: Bahai assembly to hold vesper service . Berkeley Daily Gazette . Berkeley, California . 6 . Oct 13, 1939 . 11 Jun 2015 .
  217. News: Baha'is attend parley at Center in Wilmette . The Milwaukee Journal . Milwaukee, Wisconsin . 5 . Jan 20, 1940 . 11 Jun 2015.
  218. News: To speak before Baha'i meeting . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 8 . 9 Mar 1940 . 11 Jun 2015.
  219. News: Many attend Baha'i school . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 8 . 27 Aug 1940 . 13 Jan 2014 .
  220. News: Florence E. Schopflocher ... . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 6 . 24 Feb 1941 . 13 Jan 2014.
  221. News: Mrs and Mrs Norman S. Kennard ... . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 6 . 1 Aug 1941 . 11 Jun 2015.
  222. News: Green Acre Lecturer sees future World Federation . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 3 . 14 Jul 1942 . 22 Jan 2014 .
  223. News: Events of the Week . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 2 . 20 Jul 1942 . 22 Jan 2014 .
  224. News: Prof Christian sees unity of mankind in the future . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 6 . 21 Jul 1942 . 11 Jun 2015.
  226. News: H. Ober to lecture at Baha'i school . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 8 . 22 Aug 1942 . 11 Jun 2015 .
  227. News: Baha'i lecturer sees future of better standards . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 3 . 24 Aug 1942 . 13 Jan 2014.
  228. News: Woman's struggle for equality explained at Green Acre by Mrs. Mary Coristine . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 11 . 10 Aug 1943 . 11 Aug 2014.
  229. News: Speaker at Green Acre reviews life of Mohammed . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 5 . 1 Sep 1943 . 11 Aug 2014 .
  230. News: Baha'i school opens in Eliot for summer . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 2 . 10 Jul 1944 . 22 Jan 2014.
  232. News: Baha'i group studies security for world . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 2 . 22 Jan 1945 . 11 Jun 2015.
  233. News: Harlan Ober, world traveler, will speak here tonight . The Independent Record . Helena, Montana . 5 . 28 Aug 1945 . 11 Jun 2015.
    • News: Harlan Ober ... . The Ottawa Journal . Ottawa, Ontario, Canada . 10 . 21 Jan 1946 . 11 Jun 2015.
    • News: Harlan Ober . Ottawa Citizen . 2 . Jan 21, 1946 . 11 Jun 2015.
  235. Book: Will C. van den Hoonaard. The Origins of the Baháʼí Community of Canada, 1898-1948. 30 October 2010. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. 978-1-55458-706-3. 195.
  236. News: Baha'i leader to lecture in S. L. today . The Salt Lake Tribune . Salt Lake City, Utah . 18 . 26 Oct 1947 . 11 Jun 2015.
  237. News: Harlan Ober of ... . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 6 . 19 May 1951 . 11 Jun 2015 .
  238. News: Louis G Gregory . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 3 . 2 Aug 1951 . 11 Jun 2015 .
  240. News: Baha'i lecture . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 7 . 17 Sep 1951 . 11 Jun 2015.
  241. News: Baha'is meet . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 2 . 23 Sep 1952 . 11 Jun 2015.
  242. News: Baha'is to hear Mrs. Gustafson . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 14 . 10 Oct 1952 . 11 Jun 2015.
  243. News: Joseph T. Silva . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 3 . 5 Jul 1954 . 11 Jun 2015.
  244. News: Mrs. Ivy D. Edwards . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 3 . 25 Nov 1955 . 11 Jun 2015 .
  246. Web site: Bita Watts . Catharine MacMillan (1926-2013) . The Baha'i Community of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. . 2006 . June 20, 2015.
  247. Web site: Nancy Bowditch . Robert Brown . Oral history interview with Nancy Douglas Bowditch . Archives of American Art . January 19, 1974 . June 19, 2015.
  248. Book: Nancy Douglas Bowditch. The Artist's Daughter: Memoirs 1890-1979. 15 February 2015. One Voice Press, LLC. 978-1-940135-23-6. 11 July 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150704081335/http://www.onevoicepress.com/content/artists-daughter-memoirs-1890-1979. 4 July 2015. dead.
  249. Book: Ann Lee Morgan Former Visiting Assistant Professor University of Illinois at Chicago. The Oxford Dictionary of American Art and Artists. 27 June 2007. Oxford University Press, USA. 978-0-19-802955-7. 65–66.
  250. Web site: Phillip E. Tussing . Finishing the Work:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá in Dublin, New Hampshire, 1912 . Bahai-Library.com . 2007 . June 1, 2015.
  251. Web site: Morella Menon. Jonathan Menon . Jonathan Menon . Shahin Sobhani . George De Forest Brush, "Lover of Indians" . 239 Days in America; a social media documentary . July 30, 2012 . June 20, 2015 .
  252. Book: William Morgan. Monadnock Summer: The Architectural Legacy of Dublin, New Hampshire. 2011. David R. Godine Publisher. 978-1-56792-422-0. 71–3.
  253. Marriages . The Harvard Graduates' Magazine . 25 . 49 . 447 . March 1917 . June 29, 2015. Thayer . William Roscoe . Castle . William Richards . Pier . Arthur Stanwood . Voto . Bernard Augustine De . Morrison . Theodore .
  254. News: The Hour of Unity . Ruth Wales Randall . Star of the West . 17 . 11 . 339–342 . Feb 1927 . June 19, 2015 .
  256. News: Second New England District Conference . Baháʼí News . 50 . 4 . April 1931 . June 19, 2015.
    • News: A visit to Bahji . Nancy Bowditch . Star of the West . 22 . 4 . 106–111 . July 1931 . June 19, 2015.
    • Book: Baha'i World. A Visit to Bahji. Nancy Bowditch. 1930. 411–416.
  258. News: Green Acre revised program . Baháʼí News . 54 . 6 . Aug 1931 . June 21, 2015.
  260. News: Directory additions & changes . Baháʼí News . 266 . 12 . April 1948 . June 21, 2015.
  261. News: New addresses . The News Massachusetts General Hospital . Boston Mass. . 188 . 11 . October 1959 . June 1, 2015 .
  262. News: Local spiritual assembly of Petersborough . Baháʼí News . 413 . 14 . August 1965 . 13 Jun 2015 .
  263. News: Baha'i Presentation . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 5 . 5 Aug 1970 . 13 Jun 2015 .
  264. Book: Nancy Douglas Bowditch. George de Forest Brush: recollections of a joyous painter. registration. 1970. Noone House.
  265. News: Frank MacDonald elected to head Library Friends . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 17 . 17 Feb 1972 . 13 Jun 2015.
  266. News: Observances of the Ascension of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá . Baháʼí News . 497 . 6 . September 1972 . 13 Jun 2015 .
  267. News: Keene State College . Nashua Telegraph . Nashua, New Hampshire . 33 . 1 Nov 1972 . 13 Jun 2015.
  268. Chenery . William L. . William L. Chenery . Mr. Zero, the man who feeds the hungry . The Survey . 47 . 1 . 14–15 . Oct 1, 1921 . Nov 28, 2014.
  269. Book: Records of the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia. 1958. American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia. 104–106.
  270. News: Diplomats get new locations . The Piqua Daily Call . Piqua, Ohio . 2 . Sep 9, 1903 . Nov 28, 2014.
  271. Book: Leigh Eric Schmidt. Restless Souls: The Making of American Spirituality. 6 August 2012. University of California Press. 978-0-520-95411-3. 210–212.
  272. News: Resume breadline here . The New York Times . New York, NY . 4 . Apr 1, 1919 . Nov 25, 2014.
  273. Kirchwey . George W. . George W. Kirchwey . Solving the problem of the unemployed . American Review of Reviews . 59 . 5 . 521–523 . New York, NY . May 1919 . Nov 28, 2014.
  274. Book: Franklin Folsom. America Before Welfare. 1 October 1996. NYU Press. 978-0-8147-2667-9. 226–227.
  275. Book: Alexander Keyssar. Out of Work: The First Century of Unemployment in Massachusetts. registration. 31 March 1986. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-29767-7. 238–249.
  276. Web site: Hoboes Shun Bowery Dives to Sip Brew at Philanthropist's Bar, New York . Films from the 1930s . Critical Past . Mar 3, 1932 . Nov 25, 2014.
  277. Web site: pappasl . Feature Video–Thanksgiving 2012–Mr Zero gives to the needy . Moving Image Research Collections . University of South Carolina . Nov 20, 2012 . Nov 25, 2014 .
  278. Book: Brian Busby. A Gentleman of Pleasure: One Life of John Glassco, Poet, Memoirist, Translator, and Pornographer. 14 March 2011. MQUP. 978-0-7735-8628-4. 327.
  279. Ancestry.com. U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2015. Original data: Social Security Applications and Claims, 1936-2007
  281. Ancestry.com. U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2015.Original data: Social Security Applications and Claims, 1936-2007.
  282. Book: Louis G. Gregory . Harlan Ober. Louis G. Gregory . In memoriam; Mabry C Oglesby . The Baha'i World; 1944-1946 . Baha'i Publishing Trust . 10 . 1981 . 1949 . 542–3 . https://bahai-library.com/pdf/bw/memoriam_bw_10.pdf .
  283. • Minutes of the eleventh annual Mashrekoil-Azkar convention (continued from page 327,); Second session . 10 . 18 . Star of the West . Aldred Windust . Gertrude Buikema . Zia M Baghdadi . 332 . Feb 7, 1920 . May 27, 2018. • News: Baha'i . Boston Herald . Boston, MA . 19 . Apr 3, 1920 . May 27, 2018 .
  284. Book: Gwendolyn Etter-Lewis. Richard Walter Thomas. Sadie Oglesby. Lights of the Spirit: Historical Portraits of Black Baháʼís in North America, 1898-2004. Arrival Haifa, March 11, 1927 . https://books.google.com/books?id=L2KVX4mx1xEC&pg=PA277. 2006. Baha'i Publishing Trust. 978-1-931847-26-1. 277–283.
  285. Book: Louis G Gregory . Louis George Gregory . Race Amity in America - An historical review . Baha'i World 1936-8 . Baha'i Publishing Committee . 7 . 1939 . 652–666 . https://bahai.works/index.php?title=File:BW_Vol7_Pt4.pdf&page=31 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160809195610/https://bahai.works/Bah%C3%A1%E2%80%99%C3%AD_World/Volume_7. dead. 2016-08-09.
  286. News: Baha'i room . Boston Herald . Boston, MA . 13 . Feb 21, 1925 . May 27, 2018.
  287. News: The election ... . The New York Age . New York, NY . 11 . 7 Nov 1936 . May 28, 2018.
    • Book: Baha'i Directory 1933-4; Local Baha'i spiritual assemblies and groups in the United States and Canada . Baha'i World . Baháʼí Publishing Committee . 5 . 1936 . 441 . https://bahai.works/index.php?title=File:BW_Vol5_Pt3.pdf&page=18 .
    • News: Roll of Spiritual Assemblies elected April 21, 1937 . Baha'i News . 6 . Jul 1937 . 109 . May 28, 2018.
    • Book: Baha'i Directory 1937-1938, Local Baha'i Spiritual Assemblies, Groups and isolated believers in the United States and Canada; Baha'i Assemblies . Baha'i World 1936-8 . Baha'i Publishing Committee . 7 . 1939 . 565 . https://bahai.works/index.php?title=File:BW_Vol7_Pt3.pdf&page=12 .
    • News: Baha'i Directory; Change of Address . Baha'i News . 11–12 . Oct 1940 . 139 . May 28, 2018.
    • Book: Baha'i Directory, 1939-1940; Local Baha'i Spiritual Assemblies, groups and isolated believers in the United States and Canada; Baha'i Assemblies; Massachusetts . Baha'i World 1938-1940 . Baha'i Publishing Trust . 8 . 1942 . 1981 . 700 . https://bahai.works/index.php?title=File:BW_Vol8_Pt3.pdf&page=15.
  291. News: Annual committee reports (1934-5); 17 - Race Amity . Louis Gregory . Louis George Gregory . Baha'i News . 10–12 . Apr 1935 . 91 . May 28, 2018.
  292. Book: Schultz . David E. . Joshi . S. T. . Letters to James F. Morton . Hippocampus Press . Kindle . May 3, 2014 . Kindle Location 9598 . 978-1-61498-082-7.
  293. Book: Morton , James F. Jr. . Schultz . David E. . Joshi . S. T. . Letters to James F. Morton . Fragments of a Mental Autobiography"(V) . Hippocampus Press . Kindle . May 3, 2014 . Kindle Locations 8211–8217, 8225–8227, 8258–8264 . 978-1-61498-082-7.
  294. Book: Harvard College Class of 1892. Secretary's Report. 1896. 54.
  295. Encyclopedia: An H.P. Lovecraft Encyclopedia. Joshi. S. T. . Schultz . David E. . Morton, James Ferdinand Jr. (1870-1941). https://books.google.com/books?id=Myawoc_PbF4C&pg=PA172. https://books.google.com/books?id=Myawoc_PbF4C. 2001. Greenwood Publishing Group. 978-0-313-31578-7. 172–3.
  297. Book: William C. Ahlhauser. Ex-presidents of the National Amateur Press Association: sketches. 1919. W. P. Cook. 55–6.
  298. Book: A Subtler Magick: The Writings and Philosophy of H. P. Lovecraft. 1 December 1996. Wildside Press LLC. 978-1-880448-61-8. 240.
  299. News: Program for Green Acre Conferences . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 5 . 14 Aug 1915 . Nov 3, 2014.
  300. News: Delegate - Alternate . Albert H Hall . Star of the West . 8 . 10 . 129–130 . September 8, 1917 . June 19, 2015.
  301. News: Prophet Baha is discovered . Boston Post . Boston, Massachusetts . 4 . 18 Oct 1918 . June 21, 2015.
    • News: Bahai . Boston Post . Boston, Massachusetts . 15 . 10 Apr 1920 . June 21, 2015.
    • News: Baha'i . Boston Post . Boston, Massachusetts . 17 . 24 Apr 1920 . June 21, 2015.
  303. News: Events of today . Boston Post . Boston, Massachusetts . 4 . 6 Jul 1920 . June 21, 2015 .
  304. News: Rudolph Altrocchi, a professor ... . Boston Post . Boston, Massachusetts . 9 . 23 Dec 1920 . 21 Jun 2015.
  305. Book: Polly Welts Kaufman. Jean Gibran. Sylvia McDowell. Mary Howland Smoyer. Boston Women's Heritage Trail: Seven Self-Guided Walks Through Four Centuries of Boston Women's History. 2006. Applewood Books. 978-1-933212-40-1. 65.
    • News: Bahai Revelation . Boston Post . Boston, Massachusetts . 13 . 12 Feb 1921 . June 21, 2015.
    • News: Bahai . Boston Post . Boston, Massachusetts . 13 . 26 Feb 1921 . June 21, 2015.
    • News: Bahai . Boston Post . Boston, Massachusetts . 15 . 5 Mar 1921 . June 21, 2015.
    • News: Bahai . Boston Post . Boston, Massachusetts . 13 . 12 Mar 1921 . June 21, 2015 .
    • News: Bahai . Boston Post . Boston, Massachusetts . 15 . 19 Mar 1921 . June 21, 2015 .
    • News: Bahai . Boston Post . Boston, Massachusetts . 13 . 2 Apr 1921 . June 21, 2015 .
    • News: Bahai . Boston Post . Boston, Massachusetts . 13 . 9 Apr 1921 . June 21, 2015 .
    • News: Bahai . Boston Post . Boston, Massachusetts . 4 . 16 Apr 1921 . June 21, 2015 .
    • News: Bahai . Boston Post . Boston, Massachusetts . 13 . 23 Apr 1921 . June 21, 2015 .
    • News: Bahai . Boston Post . Boston, Massachusetts . 13 . 7 May 1921 . June 21, 2015 .
    • News: Bahai . Boston Post . Boston, Massachusetts . 15 . 14 May 1921 . June 21, 2015 .
    • News: Bahai . Boston Post . Boston, Massachusetts . 20 . 21 May 1921 . June 21, 2015 .
    • News: Bahai . Boston Post . Boston, Massachusetts . 18 . 28 May 1921 . June 21, 2015 .
    • News: Bahai . Boston Post . Boston, Massachusetts . 16 . 4 Jun 1921 . June 21, 2015 .
    • News: Bahai . Boston Post . Boston, Massachusetts . 18 . 18 Jun 1921 . June 21, 2015 .
    • News: Bahai - What's the world coming to, anyway? . Boston Post . Boston, Massachusetts . 18 . 25 Jun 1921 . June 21, 2015 .
  307. News: Leader of Bahai movement dead . Fitchburg Sentinel . Fitchburg, Massachusetts . 4 . 1 Dec 1921 . June 21, 2015 .
  308. News: Baha'i teacher pays town visit . The North Adams Transcript . North Adams, Massachusetts . 9 . 11 Jul 1939 . June 2, 2015 .
  309. News: Flitchburg residents are invited ... . Fitchburg Sentinel . Fitchburg, Massachusetts . 2 . 9 Aug 1951 . June 2, 2015 .
  310. News: American News . Baháʼí News . 11 . May 1952 . June 2, 2015 .
  311. Web site: History of The Fairways Manor House Bed and Breakfast . The Fairways Manor House . 2005 . Dec 29, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20061102023659/http://www.fairwaysmanorhouse.com/history.htm . November 2, 2006 .
  312. News: Hayden . Barbara . To Write an Adventure Book He Ran a N. H. Camp . Daily Boston Globe . Boston, Massachusetts . 75 . Oct 2, 1955 .
  313. News: Are quartered with friends . Duluth Evening Herald . Duluth, Minnsesota . 1 . Feb 27, 1907 . Dec 31, 2014.
  314. News: Guy Murchie . I am a Baháʼí . Chicago Tribune . Chicago, Illinois . 38, 40, 62 . July 13, 1958 . Dec 29, 2014.
  315. Book: James Karman. The Collected Letters of Robinson Jeffers, with Selected Letters of Una Jeffers: Volume Two, 1931–1939. 12 October 2011. Stanford University Press. 978-0-8047-8172-5. 1795.
  316. News: Baha'i in the news . Baháʼí News . see pp 13–14 . September 1961 . Dec 29, 2014. note the article referred to in the Kent State newspaper is not yet online - see Web site: Daily Kent Stater, May 1961 . Daily Kent Stater . Digital Library Consulting . 2013 . Dec 29, 2014.
  317. News: Rev John Evans . 47th annual Baha'i meeting attracts 200 . Chicago Tribune . Chicago, Illinois . 34 . April 29, 1955 . Dec 29, 2014 .
  318. Book: The Baháʼí World: A Biennial International Record. 1997. Baháʼí Pub. Committee. 276. 9780853989844.
  320. Web site: Barbara Cooney 1917-2000 . biography for beginners . Skidompha Public Library . 2001 . Dec 29, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20030216031650/http://www.favimp.com/BBsample.html . February 16, 2003.
    • A visit to Persia . Guy Murchie . Guy Murchie . Baháʼí News . 6 . 408 . 4–6 . March 1965 . 1954 . 0195-9212. Dec 29, 2014 .
    • continued A visit to Persia . Guy Murchie . Guy Murchie . Baháʼí News . 6 . 409 . 2–4 . April 1965 . 1954 . 0195-9212. Dec 29, 2014 .
    • continued A visit to Persia . Guy Murchie . Guy Murchie . Baháʼí News . 6 . 411 . 8–10 . June 1965 . 1954 . 0195-9212. Dec 29, 2014 .
    • continued A visit to Persia . Guy Murchie . Guy Murchie . Baháʼí News . 6 . 413 . 5–6 . January 1966 . 1954 . 0195-9212. Dec 29, 2014 .
    • continued A visit to Persia . Guy Murchie . Guy Murchie . Baháʼí News . 6 . 438 . 4–5 . September 1967 . 1954 . 0195-9212. Dec 29, 2014 .
  322. News: Novelist to speak here Sunday night . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 2 . Jun 11, 1955 . Dec 31, 2014.
  324. Book: Louis D. Brandeis. Letters of Louis D. Brandeis: Vol. 2. 1975. SUNY Press. 978-1-4384-2258-9. 27.
  325. Book: Who's who in Colored America. 1942 . 6 . Who's Who in Colored America Corporation. 92.
  326. News: Whatever became of… Bullock introduced passing at Malden . Ted Ashby . The Boston Globe . Boston, Massachusetts . 39 . 29 May 1966 . Mar 14, 2021.
  327. Book: Bullock , Ralph W. . In spite of handicaps: brief biographical sketches with discussion outlines of outstanding Negroes now living who are achieving distinction in various lines of endeavor . Matthew W. Bullock . Association Press . 1927 . New York . 85–9 . 1154539859.
    • News: In love with justice - the story of Matthew Bullock, Bahá'í pioneer, coach, and lawyer . Elsie Austin . Helen Elsie Austin . Baha'i News . 537 . 6–8 . Dec 1975 . Mar 14, 2021.
    • Book: Helen Elsie Austin . Helen Elsie Austin . Bahá'í World . Matthew W. Bullock, 1881-1972, Knight of Bahá'u'lláh . Bahá'í World Centre . An International Record . 15 . 1975 . Haifa, Israel . 535–9 . https://bahai.works/index.php?title=File:BW_Volume15.pdf&page=559 . 0853980594.
    • Book: Annemarie Honnold . Elsie Austin. Helen Elsie Austin . Why They became Bahá'ís - The First Generation Bahá'ís by 1963 . National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of India . 1993 . 301–2 . 8185091722.
  329. Abizadeh . Arash . Informational constraint and focal point convergence: theoretical implications of pluraility-rule elections for the new institutionalism . Rationality and Society . 13 . 1 . 99–136 . Feb 2001 . 5724678657 . 1043-4631 . 10.1177/104346301013001004 . 18553079 .
  331. News: M. W. Bullock was head of Parole Board . Boston Herald . Boston, MA . 19 . Dec 19, 1972 . Mar 14, 2021.
  332. News: Divinity School Members Protest Verdict on Baha'i . The Crimson . Harvard, Massachusetts . January 18, 1963 . June 2, 2015 .
  333. News: Baha'is From Harvard Will Travel to London For World Centennial . The Crimson . Harvard, Massachusetts . April 26, 1963 . June 2, 2015 .
  334. News: Religion (continued) . Fitchburg Sentinel . Fitchburg, Massachusetts . 7 . 1 May 1965 . June 2, 2015 .
  335. News: Baha'i Faith holds session . Fitchburg Sentinel . Fitchburg, Massachusetts . 9 . 21 Nov 1966 . June 2, 2015 .
  336. News: Letter to the editor . J. P. FitzGibbons . Eight Eighty-Five . Boston College . 2 . Feb 16, 1968 . June 2, 2015 .
  337. News: Law and the Kingdom, Part III: The New Jerusalem and the Apollo Project . James T Anderson . The Crimson . Harvard, Massachusetts . November 10, 1970 . June 2, 2015 .
  338. News: Unification of Mankind: Baha'i . Anne Tilton . The Crimson . Harvard, Massachusetts . October 29, 1971 . June 2, 2015 .
  339. News: Gurus and Yogis and Meditators Bring Students Peace and Love . Mark C. Frazier . The Crimson . Harvard, Massachusetts . June 14, 1973 . June 2, 2015 .
  340. News: Baha'is set to observe New Year . The Portsmouth Herald . Portsmouth, New Hampshire . 15 . 20 March 1970 . March 9, 2015 .
  341. News: Unitarians plan series on Baha'i . The Berkshire Eagle . Pittsfield, Massachusetts . 15 . 28 May 1971 . June 2, 2015 .
  342. News: Art, races, music and dancing features of Old Ipswich Days . Frances Berg . The Lowell Sun . Lowell, Massachusetts . C4 . 2 January 1974 . June 2, 2015 .
  343. News: Rock and Folk Music . Peter M. Shane . The Crimson . Harvard, Massachusetts . February 28, 1974 . June 2, 2015 .
  344. News: Baha'i Short Takes . The Crimson . Harvard, Massachusetts . November 4, 1983 . June 2, 2015 .
  345. News: Baha'is at Harvard:Uniting the World One Heart at a Time . Emily Mieras . The Crimson . Harvard, Massachusetts . January 5, 1987 . June 2, 2015 .
  346. Web site: The Promise of World Peace . Info.Bahai.org . 1985 . June 2, 2015 .
  347. News: Iranian regime persecutes religious group . Haleh Armian . The Heights . Boston College . 2, 13 . Nov 13, 1984 . June 2, 2015 .
  348. News: Haley House meeting explores diverse views . Maggie O'Malley . The Heights . Boston College . 13 . Apr 22, 1986 . June 2, 2015 .
  349. Book: Mike McMullen. Michael McMullen. The Baháʼís of America: The Growth of a Religious Movement. 27 November 2015. NYU Press. 978-1-4798-5152-2. 193–195, 242–245.
  351. News: Respecting Civil Rights in Iran . Arash Abizadeh . The Crimson . Harvard, Massachusetts . October 19, 1998 . June 2, 2015 .
  352. News: Noon Ceremony Marks Anniversary . Jessica E. Vascellaro . The Crimson . Harvard, Massachusetts . September 11, 2002 . June 2, 2015 .
  353. News: Madison Native Hopes To Mend World's Rifts . Jasmine H. Mahmoud . The Crimson . Harvard, Massachusetts . June 10, 2004 . June 2, 2015 .
  354. News: Students Unite Across FaithsThis year's "Belief in Action" sees unprecedented participation . Ying Wang . The Crimson . Harvard, Massachusetts . May 11, 2005 . June 2, 2015 .
  355. News: Interfaith Group Urges Dialogue . Rachel Banks . The Crimson . Harvard, Massachusetts . November 14, 2005 . June 2, 2015 .
  356. News: Towards A Free Iran, the Iran Freedom Concert did much to increase awareness of a dire crisis . The Crimson . Harvard, Massachusetts . March 21, 2006 . June 2, 2015 .
  357. News: Support Reformers in Iran . Nicholas B. Manske . Alex M. McLeese . The Crimson . Harvard, Massachusetts . March 16, 2006 . June 2, 2015 .
  358. News: 'Go Forth From Your Country' Negotiation expert plans multi-national retracing of Abraham's path . Christian B. Flow . Rachel B. Nolan . The Crimson . Harvard, Massachusetts . November 16, 2006 . June 2, 2015 .
  359. News: Baha'i: The New High Don't expect to find Jehovah's Witnesses preaching this religion . Kaoru Takasaki . The Crimson . Harvard, Massachusetts . February 28, 2007 . June 2, 2015 .
  361. News: 'The Office' Actor Rainn Wilson Promotes Freedom of Education in Iran . Nathalie R. Miraval . The Crimson . Harvard, Massachusetts . November 15, 2011 . June 2, 2015 .
  362. News: The Stamford Regional Conference, 13–14 December 2008 . Baháʼí International News Service . Baháʼí International Community . December 2008 . July 4, 2015.
  363. Web site: Boston Baha'i Youth Conference . BahaiTeachings.org . July 30, 2013 . July 6, 2015.
  364. Web site: Who We Are . 2019 . Raceamity.org . Aug 14, 2019.
  365. Web site: Background for the Establishment of Race Amity Day . 2019 . National Center for Race Amity . Aug 14, 2019.
  367. William H Smith; Craig Rothman; Kari Carson . An American story : Race Amity and the other tradition . video . National Center for Race Amity,; WHS Media Productions (Firm) . Sudbury, MA . 1098061794 . 2018.
  368. Web site: About Tearing Down the Walls . 2019 . tearingdownwalls.org . Aug 14, 2019.
  369. Web site: Race Amity . 2019 . youtube.com . Aug 14, 2019 .
  370. Web site: New Hampshire Religion Statistics . Homefacts Details By State . Homefacts . 2015 . April 6, 2015.
  371. Web site: Massachusetts Religion Statistics . Homefacts Details By State . Homefacts . 2015 . April 6, 2015.
  372. Web site: Franklin County, Massachusetts Religion Statistics . Homefacts Details By State . Homefacts . 2015 . April 6, 2015.
  373. Web site: Hampshire County, Massachusetts Religion Statistics . Homefacts Details By State . Homefacts . 2015 . April 6, 2015.
  374. Web site: Bristol County, Massachusetts Religion Statistics . Homefacts Details By State . Homefacts . 2015 . April 6, 2015.
  375. Web site: Plymouth County, Massachusetts Religion Statistics . Homefacts Details By State . Homefacts . 2015 . April 6, 2015.
  376. Web site: Newport County, Rhode Island Religion Statistics . Homefacts Details By State . Homefacts . 2015 . June 3, 2015.
  377. Web site: Bristol County, Rhode Island Religion Statistics . Homefacts Details By State . Homefacts . 2015 . June 3, 2015.
  378. Web site: Belknap County, New Hampshire Religion Statistics . Homefacts Details By State . Homefacts . 2015 . June 3, 2015.
  379. Web site: Rockingham County, New Hampshire Religion Statistics . Homefacts Details By State . Homefacts . 2015 . June 3, 2015.
  380. News: Marilyn Beck . Actor Alex Rocco says he's indebted to Bahai teachings by . The San Bernardino County Sun . San Bernardino, California . 39 . 11 Sep 1975 . July 20, 2015.

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