| Badaga | |
| Nativename: | படக, ಬಡಗ, ബഡഗ |
| State: | India |
| Region: | The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu |
| Ethnicity: | Badaga |
| Speakers: | 134,000 |
| Date: | 2011 census |
| Ref: | e24 |
| Familycolor: | Dravidian |
| Fam2: | Southern |
| Fam3: | Southern I |
| Fam4: | Tamil–Kannada |
| Fam5: | Badaga–Kannada |
| Iso3: | bfq |
| Glotto: | bada1257 |
| Glottorefname: | Badaga |
| Script: | Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam |
| Notice: | IPA |
Badaga is a southern Dravidian language spoken by the Badaga people of the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu. The language is closely related to the Kannada language with heavy influence from Tamil language. Of all the tribal languages spoken in Nilgiris (Badaga, Toda language, Kota language (India)), Badaga is the most spoken language.
Badaga, like modern Kannada, likely originates from Old Kannada. This is suggested by the fact that Badaga shares many common features with modern Kannada. One such feature shared by both Badaga and Kannada is initial pronounced as //h// where other Dravidian languages, and Old Kannada, have an initial pronounced as //p//, a process which began around the 13th century.[1]
Badaga has five vowel qualities, pronounced as //i e a o u//, where each of them may be long or short, and until the 1930s they were contrastively half and fully retroflexed, for a total of 30 vowel phonemes. Current speakers only distinguish retroflection of a few vowels.[2]
| +Example words[3] | IPA | Gloss |
|---|---|---|
| pronounced as //noː// | disease | |
| pronounced as //po˞˞ː// | scar | |
| pronounced as //mo˞e˞// | sprout | |
| pronounced as //a˞e˞// | tiger's den | |
| pronounced as //ha˞ːsu// | to spread out | |
| pronounced as //ka˞˞ːʃu// | to remove | |
| pronounced as //i˞ːu˞˞// | seven | |
| pronounced as //hu˞˞ːj// | tamarind | |
| pronounced as //be˞ː// | bangle | |
| pronounced as //be˞˞ː// | banana | |
| pronounced as //huj// | to strike | |
| pronounced as //u˞˞j// | chisel |
Note on transcription: rhoticity (IPA|◌˞) indicates half-retroflexion; doubled (IPA|◌˞˞) it indicates full retroflexion.
| Nasal | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |||
| pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||||
| Fricative | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||||||
| Approximant | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||||
| Trill | pronounced as /link/ | |||||||
Several attempts have been made at constructing an orthography based on English, Kannada and Tamil. The earliest printed book using Kannada script was a Christian work, "Anga Kartagibba Yesu Kristana Olleya Suddiya Pustaka" by Basel Mission Press of Mangaluru in 1890.[4]
Badaga can also be written in the Kannada script and Tamil script.
Badaga has been studied and documented by linguists. Several Badaga-English Dictionaries have been produced since the latter part of the nineteenth century.[5]
A collection of proverbs and other traditional sayings of the Badaga has been collated and edited by Paul Hockings.[6] It is the result of the work of many people, collecting material over many decades.