Paenibacillus polymyxa explained
Paenibacillus polymyxa, also known as Bacillus polymyxa, is a Gram-positive bacterium capable of fixing nitrogen. It is found in soil, plant tissues, marine sediments and hot springs.[1] It may have a role in forest ecosystems[2] and potential future applications as a biofertilizer and biocontrol agent in agriculture.
Growth conditions
P. polymyxa can be grown in the laboratory on trypticase soy agar medium. It can also be grown on brain heart infusion agar medium.
Applications
Agricultural use
P. polymyxa might have possible future applications as a soil inoculant in agriculture and horticulture.[3] [4] Biofilms of P. polymyxa growing on plant roots have been shown to produce exopolysaccharides which protect the plants from pathogens. The interactions between this bacterial species and plant roots also cause the root hairs to undergo physical changes.[5]
Antibiotics
Some strains of P. polymyxa produce antibiotics including fusaricidin[1] and polymyxins.[6] P. polymyxa var. colistinus produces the antibiotic colistin.[7]
Surfactant complexes isolated from P. polymyxa have been shown to be effective in disrupting biofilms of Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus bovis.[8]
Cell extraction
P. polymyxa is a source of dispase, an enzyme used to isolate cells from animal tissues.[9] [10]
External links
Notes and References
- Mahajan GB, Balachandran L . Sources of antibiotics: hot springs. Biochemical Pharmacology. 134 . 35–41 . June 2017 . 27890726. 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.11.021.
- Tang. Qian. Puri. Akshit. Padda. Kiran Preet. Chanway. Chris P.. 2017-02-01. Biological nitrogen fixation and plant growth promotion of lodgepole pine by an endophytic diazotroph Paenibacillus polymyxa and its GFP-tagged derivative. Botany. 95. 6. 611–619. 10.1139/cjb-2016-0300. 1916-2790.
- Puri. Akshit. Padda. Kiran Preet. Chanway. Chris P.. 2016-06-01. Seedling growth promotion and nitrogen fixation by a bacterial endophyte Paenibacillus polymyxa P2b-2R and its GFP derivative in corn in a long-term trial. Symbiosis. en. 69. 2. 123–129. 10.1007/s13199-016-0385-z. 17870808. 1878-7665.
- Padda. Kiran Preet. Puri. Akshit. Chanway. Chris P.. 2016-07-07. Plant growth promotion and nitrogen fixation in canola (Brassica napus) by an endophytic strain of Paenibacillus polymyxa and its GFP-tagged derivative in a long-term study. Botany. 94. 12. 1209–1217. 10.1139/cjb-2016-0075. 1916-2790.
- Yegorenkova. Irina V.. Tregubova, Kristina V. . Ignatov, Vladimir V. . Paenibacillus polymyxa Rhizobacteria and Their Synthesized Exoglycans in Interaction with Wheat Roots: Colonization and Root Hair Deformation. Current Microbiology. 12 January 2013. 66. 5. 481–486. 10.1007/s00284-012-0297-y. 23314809. 2739127.
- Shaheen. M. Li, J . Ross, AC . Vederas, JC . Jensen, SE . Paenibacillus polymyxa PKB1 produces variants of polymyxin B-type antibiotics.. Chemistry & Biology. Dec 23, 2011. 18. 12. 1640–8. 22195566. 10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.09.017.
- Book: Voort . Peter H. J. van der . Saene . Hendrick K. F. van . Selective Digestive Tract Decontamination in Intensive Care Medicine: a Practical Guide to Controlling Infection . 2008 . Springer Science & Business Media . 9788847006539 . 82 . en.
- Quinn. GA. Maloy, AP . McClean, S . Carney, B . Slater, JW . Lipopeptide biosurfactants from Paenibacillus polymyxa inhibit single and mixed species biofilms.. Biofouling. 2012. 28. 10. 1151–66. 23113815. 10.1080/08927014.2012.738292. 39957498.
- ONO. JUNKO. TAKAKI. RYOSABURO. FUKUMA. MICHIO. Preparation of single cells from pancreatic islets of adult rat by the use of dispase.. Endocrinologia Japonica. 1977. 24. 3. 265–270. 10.1507/endocrj1954.24.265. 410634. free.
- Stenn. Kurt S. Link. Richard. Moellmann. Gisela. Madri. Joseph. Kuklinska. Elizabeth. Dispase, a Neutral Protease From Bacillus Polymyxa, Is a Powerful Fibronectinase and Type IV Collagenase. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. August 1989. 93. 2. 287–290. 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12277593. 2546994.
