| Baalbek-Hermel | |
| Native Name: | Arabic: بعلبك - الهرمل |
| Settlement Type: | Governorate |
| Coordinates: | 34.2°N 36.3°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: |  Lebanon |
| Established Title: | Gazetted |
| Established Date: | 16 July 2003 |
| Seat Type: | Capital |
| Seat: | Baalbek |
| Leader Title: | Governor |
| Leader Name: | Bashir Khodr |
| Area Footnotes: | [1] |
| Area Total Km2: | 3009 |
| Pop Est Footnotes: | [2] |
| Population Est: | 416427 |
| Pop Est As Of: | June 2015 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Timezone1: | EET |
| Utc Offset1: | +2 |
| Timezone1 Dst: | EEST |
| Utc Offset1 Dst: | +3 |
Baalbek-Hermel (Arabic: بعلبك - الهرمل) is a governorate of Lebanon. It comprises the districts of Baalbek and Hermel,[3] which in turn are subdivided into a total of 74 municipalities.[2] The capital is at Baalbek.[3] The governorate covers an area of [1] and is bounded by Akkar Governorate to the northwest, North Governorate to the west, Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate and Mount Lebanon Governorate to the southwest, Beqaa Governorate to the south, and the Syrian governorates of Homs and Rif Dimashq to the northeast and southeast. The governorate occupies the northern portion of the Beqaa Valley, Lebanon's most important agricultural area.[4]
The UNHCR estimated the population of the governorate at 416,427 in 2015, including 137,788 registered refugees of the Syrian Civil War and 8,117 Palestinian refugees.[2] The Lebanese citizen population is predominantly Shiite with pockets of Christians and Sunnis, while the refugee population is predominantly Sunni Muslims.[2]
Baalbek-Hermel Governorate was created by the enactment of Law 522 on 16 July 2003, in which the districts of Baalbek and Hermel were separated from Beqaa Governorate.[5] Implementation of the new region only began in 2014 with the appointment of the first and current governor, Bashir Khodr.[6]
Already one of Lebanon's poorest regions, the recent influx of Syrian refugees has placed additional strain on the governorate's fragile infrastructure and services.[4] Violence in Syria has spilled over into the governorate, especially in the area around Arsal and Ras Baalbek.[4] The northern Beqaa valley and Baalbek has had Hezbollah or the Amal Movement electoral victories but 46% of the electorate voted for the opposition Baalbek Madinati party in recent elections.[7] [8]