| Ba 'Alawi | |
| Native Name: | با علوى |
| Native Name Lang: | AR |
| Members: | Clan: al-Mushayyakh, Al-Aidaroos, al-Muhdar, al-Attas, al-Basakut, al-Sagoff, al-Shahab, al-Haddad, al-Jamalullail, al-Habshi, al-Hamid, al-Khirid, al-Shaykh Abu Bakr, Ba Faqih, Banahsan, al-Qadri, al-Haddar, al-Jufri and others |
| Otherfamilies: | al-Rayyan, Thangal, Nuwaythi, Ba Mashkoor, Ba Rumaidaan, Ba Hamaam, al-Amoodi, Ba Naeemi, Ba Hammudi |
| Traditions: | Ba'Alawi tariqa |
| Ethnicity: | Arab |
| Origin: | Hadhramaut |
| Region: | Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, United Arab Emirates, India, Bangladesh, Singapore, Maldives, Comoros, South Africa, Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Democratic Republic of the Congo |
The Ba 'Alawi sadah or Sadah Ba 'Alawi (Arabic: السادة آل باعلوي|al-sādatu al-bā'alawiy) are a group of Hadhrami Sayyid families and social group originating in Hadhramaut in the southwest corner of the Arabian Peninsula. They claimed their lineage to Sayyid al-Imam Ahmad al-Muhajir bin Isa al-Rumi born in 873 (260H), who emigrated from Basra to Hadhramaut[1] in 931 (320H) to avoid sectarian violence, including the invasion of the Qaramite forces into the Abbasid Caliphate.
The word Sadah or Sadat (Arabic: سادة) is a plural form of word Arabic: سيد (Sayyid), while the word Ba 'Alawi or Bani 'Alawi means descendants of Alawi (Bā is a Hadhramaut dialect form of Bani). In sum, Ba'alawi are Sayyid people who have a blood descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through Alawi ibn Ubayd Allah ibn Ahmad al-Muhajir. Meanwhile, Alawiyyin (Arabic: العلويّن;) Sayyid term is used to describe descendants of Ali bin Abi Talib from Husayn ibn Ali (Sayyids) and Hasan ibn Ali (Sharifs). All people of Ba 'Alawi are Alawiyyin Sayyids through Husayn ibn Ali, but not all people of Alawiyyin family are of Ba 'Alawi.
The Ba 'Alawi tariqa is a Sufi order founded by one of Ahmad al-Muhajir's descendant, Muhammad al-Faqih al-Muqaddam and named after and closely tied to the Ba 'Alawi family.
Imam al-Muhajir's grandson Alawi was the first Sayyid to be born in Hadhramaut, and the only one of Imam al-Muhajir's descendants to produce a continued line; the lineages of Imam al-Muhajir's other grandsons, Basri and Jadid, were cut off after several generations. Accordingly, Imam Al-Muhajir's descendants in Hadhramaut hold the name Bā 'Alawi ("descendants of Alawi").
The Ba 'Alawi Sadah have since been living in Hadhramaut in Southern Yemen, maintaining the Sunni Creed in the fiqh school of Shafi'i. In the beginning, a descendant of Imam Ahmad al-Muhajir who became scholar in Islamic studies was called Imam, then Sheikh, but later called Habib.
It was only since 1700 AD they began to migrate[2] in large numbers out of Hadhramaut across all over the globe, often to practice da'wah (Islamic missionary work).[3] Their travels had also brought them to the Southeast Asia. These hadhrami immigrants blended with their local societies unusual in the history of diasporas. For example, the House of Jamalullail of Perlis is descended from the Ba 'Alawi. Habib Salih of Lamu, Kenya was also descended from the Ba 'Alawi. In Indonesia, quite a few of these migrants married local women or men, sometimes nobility or even royal families, and their descendants then became sultans or kings, such as in Sultanate of Pontianak or in Sultanate of Siak Indrapura.[4] The Sultanates of Sulu, Lanao, and Maguindanao as well trace their origins to the esteemed lineage of the Ba Alawi Sada. These Sultanates follow the Shafi'i school of jurisprudence.[5]
Some of the family names are as follows:[6] [7]
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Some people in Indonesia dispute even reject the validity of Ba 'Alawi sada linkage with Islamic prophet Muhammad. This controversy arises from a conjecture that Ubaydillah figure who is claimed as a descendant of Ahmad al-Muhajir has not been mentioned in books until about five centuries after his lifetime.[8] [9] This argument is mostly based on a book named "Al-Sjarah Al-Mubarakah fi Ansaab Al-Thalibiyya" by Al-Fakhrurazi.
According to the deniers, the counterarguments against the narration are based on dreams, which are regarded as an invalid way and not based on facts.[10]
Many scholars criticize the method used by these deniers, especially requiring the lineage must be mentioned by a book in the time of the questionable person (Ubaidillah). The reasons[11] are based on the conventions accepted by scholars of Nasab around the world. As described in the book "رسائل فى علم نسب" (The summary of Nasab science):[12]
The name "Ba-Alawi" has been mentioned in books in 7th and 8th centuries. For example, a Genealogy scholar in 8th Hijri, Bahaudin Al-Janadi in his book, "As-Suluk Fi Thobaqotil Ulama Wal Muluk"[13] said:
Among them (Bait Abi Alawi) is Hasan bin Muhammad bin Ali Ba 'Alawi (who belongs to the Alawi lineage), he is a jurist who memorizes outside the head of the Al-Wajiz book is imam Ghozali" (volume 2, page 463).Many Islamic scholars of genealogy, such as Mufti of Egypt Shaikh Shauqi 'Allam also reject the use of DNA method to proof family lineage and connection of lineage with a tribe or people who lived many centuries ago. The similar opinion and reason described by Zaina Al-Mutahir, Ph.D, a scholar in molecular DNA at the Prince Shatham Abd Azis in Saudi Arabia.[14] Another scholar, named Manshur Al-Hashimi Al-Amir from Mecca, also says that DNA testing is unnecessary and not needed to proof a lineage of Ba'alawi that has been well known and popular.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9g7Gf3AaXY
Some authoritative muslim scholars such as former Mufti of Egypt Shaikh Ali Jum'ah,[15] Sayyid Usamah Al-Azhari of Al-Azhar University in Egypt,[16] and Ayatollah Sayyid Mahdi Rajai,[17] a Nasab scholar, all asserted their opinion that Ba 'Alawi sada family lineage is indeed connected to Muhammad.
The deniers even question the validity of tomb of Ahmad Muhajir is in Husaisa.[18] Despite many facts that the tomb is Husaisa, the deniers claim that Ahmad Al-Muhajir never moved to Hadramaut.
