| German: Es ist dir gesagt, Mensch, was gut ist | |
| Bwv: | 45 |
| Type: | Church cantata |
| Translation: | It has been told to you, man, what is good |
| Movements: | 7 in two parts |
| Composer: | Johann Sebastian Bach |
| Bible: | |
| Chorale: | by Johann Heermann |
| Vocal: | |
German: Es ist dir gesagt, Mensch, was gut ist (It has been told to you, man, what is good), 45 is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. He composed it in Leipzig for the eighth Sunday after Trinity and first performed it on 11 August 1726.
Bach composed the cantata in Leipzig for the Eighth Sunday after Trinity. It is part of his third cantata cycle.
The prescribed readings for the Sunday are from the Epistle to the Romans, "For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, they are the sons of God", and from the Gospel of Matthew, the warning of false prophets from the Sermon on the Mount . Here and in German: [[Siehe, ich will viel Fischer aussenden, BWV 88|''Siehe, ich will viel Fischer aussenden'', BWV 88]] |italic=unset, composed three weeks before, the text is similar in structure and content to cantatas of Johann Ludwig Bach. The text is attributed to Ernst Ludwig, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, published in a 1705 collection. The poet chose for the opening a verse of the prophet Micah, "He hath shewed thee, O man, what is good; and what doth the Lord require of thee, but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God?", which is related to the famous saying of Jesus "Ye shall know them by their fruits", and "but he that doeth the will of my Father" from the Gospel. The poet connected to the image of the servant as mentioned in the Gospel of Luke, and . The central movement, opening the second part (marked Italian: Parte seconda) to be performed after the sermon, is a quotation of, "Many will say to me in that day, Lord, Lord, have we not prophesied in thy name? and in thy name have cast out devils? and in thy name done many wonderful works?". The following aria is a paraphrase of . The cantata is closed by the second stanza of Johann Heermann's hymn "O Gott, du frommer Gott" (1630). The cantata is a symmetrical structure around the central Gospel quotation, beginning with the Old Testament and leading to the chorale.
Bach first performed the cantata on 11 August 1726.
The cantata in seven movements is scored for three vocal soloists (alto, tenor, and bass), a four-part choir, two flauti traversi, two oboes, two violins, viola and basso continuo.
The opening chorus is a complex structure, beginning with an extended instrumental section, then alternating fugal sections with others in which the vocal parts are embedded in the orchestral concerto. The tenor aria, preceded by secco recitative, is of a dance-like character and is accompanied by the strings.
The central movement, the quotation from the Gospel, is given to the bass as the Latin: [[vox Christi]] (voice of Christ). Bach marks it Arioso and has the strings play in vivid movement, to passionately emphasize the words. The strings open the movement and repeat that music four times in different keys, the bass part showing bold leaps and rich coloraturas. John Eliot Gardiner observes:
The figuration is similar in the following alto aria, but mellow in the solo flute with continuo, matching the consoling words. Another secco recitative introduces the closing chorale on a melody by Ahasverus Fritsch, set in four parts.