| German: Ein Herz, das seinen Jesum lebend weiß | |
| Bwv: | 134 |
| Type: | Church cantata |
| Related: | based on BWV 134a |
| Occasion: | Third day of Easter |
| Movements: | 6 |
| Vocal: | |
German: Ein Herz, das seinen Jesum lebend weiß (A heart that knows its Jesus is living), 134, is a church cantata for Easter by Johann Sebastian Bach. Bach composed the cantata for the third day of Easter in Leipzig and first performed it on 11 April 1724. He based it on his congratulatory cantata German: [[Die Zeit, die Tag und Jahre macht, BWV 134a|''Die Zeit, die Tag und Jahre macht'', BWV 134a]]|italic=unset, first performed in Köthen on 1 January 1719.
The cantata is Bach's second composition for Easter in Leipzig. On Easter Sunday of 1724, he had performed German: [[Christ lag in Todes Banden, BWV 4|''Christ lag in Todes Banden'', BWV 4]]|italic=unset, from his time in Mühlhausen. On the second day of Easter, German: [[Erfreut euch, ihr Herzen, BWV 66|''Erfreut euch, ihr Herzen'', BWV 66]]|italic=unset, which he had derived from the secular serenata German: [[Der Himmel dacht auf Anhalts Ruhm und Glück, BWV 66a|''Der Himmel dacht auf Anhalts Ruhm und Glück'', BWV 66a]]|italic=unset, composed in Köthen in 1718. In a similar way, he arranged a cantata for the New Year's Day of 1719 in Köthen, German: [[Die Zeit, die Tag und Jahre macht, BWV 134a|''Die Zeit, die Tag und Jahre macht'', BWV 134a]]|italic=unset, for the third day of Easter.
The prescribed readings for the feast day were from the Acts of the Apostles, the sermon of Paul in Antioch, and from the Gospel of Luke, the appearance of Jesus to the Apostles in Jerusalem . The unknown poet adapted the dialogues of the secular work of two allegorical figures, Time and Divine Providence, originally written by Christian Friedrich Hunold, one of the notable novelists of his time. In this cantata the poet kept the order of the movements, dropping movements 5 and 6 of the early work. He kept the final chorus as a conclusion, unlike German: Erfreut euch, ihr Herzen, where it had been moved to the opening and replaced by a chorale. Bach simply wrote the new text below the former text in his score.
Bach composed three new recitatives for a second version and first performed it on 27 March 1731. Bach revised the whole cantata, writing a new score with detailed improvements, possibly first performed on 12 April 1735.
The cantata in six movements is scored for alto and tenor soloists, a four-part choir, two oboes, two violins, viola, and basso continuo.