Baltimore/Washington International Airport Explained

Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport
Image2-Width:250
Iata:BWI
Icao:KBWI
Faa:BWI
Wmo:72406
Type:Public
Owner-Oper:Maryland Aviation Administration (MDOT MAA)[1]
Location:Anne Arundel County, Maryland, U.S.[2]
Elevation-F:143
Elevation-M:44
Image Map Caption:FAA airport diagram
Mapframe:yes
Mapframe-Zoom:9
R1-Number:10/28
R1-Length-F:10,503
R1-Length-M:3,201
R1-Surface:Asphalt
R2-Number:15L/33R
R2-Length-F:5,000
R2-Length-M:1,524
R2-Surface:Asphalt
R3-Number:15R/33L
R3-Length-F:9,501
R3-Length-M:2,896
R3-Surface:Asphalt
Stat-Year:2023
Stat1-Header:Passengers
Stat1-Data:26,200,143
Stat2-Header:Aircraft operations
Stat2-Data:239,417
Stat3-Header:Cargo (metric tons)
Stat3-Data:5387330190NaN0
Footnotes:Sources: BWI Airport[3] [4]

Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport is an international airport in Anne Arundel County, Maryland,[2] located 9miles south of downtown Baltimore and 30miles northeast of Washington, D.C.[5] [6]

BWI is one of three major airports that serve the Washington–Baltimore metropolitan area.[7] Dulles International Airport (IAD), in Dulles, Virginia, and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA), in Crystal City, Virginia, are the other two.

The airport serves as one of 12 U.S.-based operating bases for Southwest Airlines. In 2023, BWI recorded 12,849,636 passenger enplanements, making it the busiest airport in the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area, ranked at #23 in passenger enplanements in the U.S., followed by Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (#24) and Washington/Dulles Int'l Airport (#26).[8]

In 2005, the airport was named in honor of Thurgood Marshall, a Baltimore native and the first African American to serve as a U.S. Supreme Court justice.

History

20th century

Planning for a new airport on to serve the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area began in 1944, just prior to the end of World War II, when the Baltimore Aviation Commission announced its decision that the best location to build a new airport would be on a 2100acres tract of land near Linthicum Heights, Maryland.[9] [10] The cost of building the airport was estimated at $9 million.[10]

The site was chosen because it was a 15-minute drive from Downtown Baltimore, close to the Pennsylvania Railroad line, the Baltimore and Annapolis Railroad line, and the proposed Baltimore–Washington Parkway, and visibility at the site was generally good.[10] An alternate site along Gov. Ritchie Highway at Furnace Branch was rejected by the United States Department of War, and another possible site at Lipin's Corner was deemed too far from Baltimore.[10] The State Aviation Commission approved of the Linthicum Heights site in 1946.[11]

Much of the land was purchased from Friendship Methodist Church in 1946,[12] and ground was broken on May 2, 1947.[13] [14] Friendship Methodist Church held its last service on Easter Sunday in 1948.[15] Friendship Methodist Church was razed to make room for the new airport.[15] In addition, several pieces of land were bought,[16] and 170 bodies buried in a cemetery were moved.[17] Baltimore–Fort Meade Road was moved to the west to make way for the airport's construction.[18]

Friendship International Airport was dedicated on June 24, 1950, by President Harry S. Truman. Truman arrived in a Douglas DC-6, then the official presidential airplane, from nearby Washington National Airport. Accompanying Truman were the Governor of Maryland, William Preston Lane Jr., and Baltimore Mayor Thomas D'Alesandro Jr., who was taking his first aircraft flight.[19] The cost to construct the airport totaled $15 million. The following month, the airlines moved to the new airport from the old Baltimore Municipal Airport at Harbor Field in southeast Baltimore at 39.25°N -76.53°W. Eastern Airlines flew the first scheduled flight, a DC-3, into the airport at 12:01 am on July 23, 1950.[20] Seven minutes later, the same plane was also the first flight to depart from the airport.[20] Three hundred spectators came to watch the first flights arrive and depart.[20]

The Official Airline Guide reports 52 weekday departures from the airport as of April 1957: 19 Eastern, 12 Capital, 8 American, four National, three TWA, three United, two Delta, and one Allegheny. The departures included a couple nonstop flights to Miami, but westward nonstop flights did not reach beyond Ohio. The airport's reach expanded when jet service started. The early Boeing 707s and Douglas DC-8s could not use Washington National Airport, and Dulles International Airport, which opened in 1962, had not yet opened, so Baltimore became Washington, D.C.'s jet airport from May 1959 to June 1959, when American and TWA began transcontinental 707 flights.[21] By 1963, Friendship Int'l Airport was equipped with a 9,450 foot (2,880 m) runway, which could handle any commercial jet aircraft at that time.[22]

In 1972, the Maryland Department of Transportation (MDOT) purchased Friendship International Airport from the City of Baltimore for $36 million.[23] Under MDOT, the Maryland State Aviation Administration took over airfield operations, and the airport grew from three employees to more than 200. Plans to upgrade, improve, and modernize all Maryland airport facilities were announced almost immediately by Harry Hughes, then Maryland Secretary of Transportation and later Governor of Maryland.

On November 16, 1973, in an effort to attract passengers from the Washington metropolitan area, particularly Montgomery and Prince George's counties in suburban Maryland,[24] the airport was renamed Baltimore/Washington International Airport. Its IATA code, originally BAL, was changed to BWI by the International Air Transport Association on April 20, 1980, and the change became official six months later, on October 26. The BWI code had previously been used by an airport in Bewani, Papua New Guinea.[25]

In 1974, the first phase of the airport's modernization was completed at a cost of $30 million. Upgrades included improved instrument landing capabilities and runway systems, and construction of three new air cargo terminals, expanding the airport's freight capacity to .

In 1979, the terminal renovation program was completed, representing the most dramatic work of the airport's modernization, which was designed by DMJM along with Peterson & Brickbauer.[26] The renovations more than doubled the size of BWI's terminal to 14.58acres, and the number of gates increased from 20 to 27. The total cost was $70 million. To continue the work, the BWI Development Council was established to support initiatives for airport development.[27]

In 1980, the BWI Rail Station opened, providing a connection for passengers on the Northeast Corridor through Amtrak. BWI was the first airport in the U.S. with a dedicated intercity rail station.[28] The station provided rail transit access to Washington, D.C., something that Dulles International Airport did not achieve until late 2022.

In 1997, a new international terminal (Concourse E), designed by STV Group and William Nicholas Bodouva & Associates,[29] was added,[30] though Dulles continues to hold the lion's share of the region's international flights, and BWI has not attracted many long-haul international carriers.[31]

The first transatlantic nonstops were on World Airways about 1981; British Airways arrived at BWI a few years later. Aer Lingus,[32] Air Jamaica,[33] Air Aruba,[34] Air Greenland, El Al, Icelandair, KLM, Air Canada, Ladeco, and Mexicana previously flew to BWI. Military flights, operated by the U.S. Air Force's Air Mobility Command, continue to have a significant presence at BWI.[35] [36]

Over the first half of the 1990s, runway 15L/33R was extended 1800feet from 3199feet to its current length of 5000feet, allowing it to be used by small passenger jets like the Boeing 737.[37]

Beginning in the 1980s and for much of the 1990s, BWI was a hub for Piedmont Airlines and successor US Airways, but that airline's financial problems in the wake of the dot-com bust, the September 11 attacks, and low fare competition forced it to cut back. The airport has been a haven for low-cost flights in the Baltimore/Washington Metropolitan Area since Southwest Airlines' arrival in September 1993[38] and subsequent expansion in the early 2000s. Southwest is the airport's largest carrier, accounting for 56.12% of the airport's passengers in 2011.[39] Southwest Airlines currently serves on average 245 daily departures to the U.S., Mexico, and the Caribbean.

21st century

In July 2000, Ghana Airways began service from BWI to Accra.[40] The airline operated the flight with McDonnell Douglas DC-10s and sought to serve the many people of West African origin residing in the region.[41] [42] [43]

Four years later, in July 2004, the U.S. federal government prohibited Ghana Airways from flying to the U.S. According to officials, the company was operating on an expired license and had disobeyed orders to stop flying an unsafe plane.[44]

In 2005, to accommodate Southwest's extensive presence at the airport, Concourses A and B were expanded, renovated, and integrated with one another to house all of that airline's operations there for their major operating base. The new facility, designed by URS Corporation, opened on May 22, 2005. On October 1 of that year, the airport was renamed Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport, to honor former U.S. Supreme Court justice Thurgood Marshall, a native of Baltimore.[45] [46]

In June 2006, North American Airlines introduced a link to Accra via Banjul, India, marking the restoration of direct flights between Baltimore and Africa.[47] [48] The carrier employed Boeing 767s on the route.[49] Afterward, it made the Accra flight nonstop and added a route to Lagos. North American ended all scheduled service in May 2008.[50]

In 2008, Health magazine named BWI the second-healthiest airport in the United States.[51] In 2009 the airport had a six percent increase in air travelers due to the proliferation of discount flights.[52] In a 2009 survey of airport service quality by Airports Council International, BWI was the world's top ranking airport in the 15-to-25-million-passenger category.[53] BWI also ranked seventh, in medium-sized airports, based on customer satisfaction conducted by J.D. Power and Associates.[54]

On August 5, 2014, the airport's little-used runway, 04–22, was permanently closed.[55] It was 6000abbr=offNaNabbr=off long and used primarily when the main runways needed to be closed for repairs. The last operation on the runway was a Southwest Airlines flight from Chicago Midway Airport, which arrived at 4:18 AM.[56]

In 2015, Norwegian Air Shuttle announced it would begin flights from the airport to Guadeloupe and Martinique. In an interview with The Baltimore Sun, Norwegian Air Shuttle CEO Bjorn Kjos said, "Baltimore is high on the list for long-haul destinations", hinting at further expansion into Europe. In mid-2018, however, the airline ceased all flights out of Baltimore, attributing the cessation to heavy financial losses.

In early 2016, a partnership between the airport and Towson University's WTMD radio station was announced, including a new concert series that takes place at the terminal's baggage claim on the lower level.[57] Local bands included Wye Oak and others. The new series followed the release event of Animal Collective's new album Painting With on November 25, 2015, where the new album was streamed throughout the airport.

In late 2018, construction began on a $60 million, five-gate expansion of terminal A for Southwest Airlines.[58] The new expansion began operations in 2021.[59] 2018 also marked a new annual record for passenger traffic at BWI Marshall Airport with over 27.1 million passengers.[60]

In 2021, commuter airline Southern Airways Express ended its hub at BWI and switched its East Coast hub to Washington Dulles International Airport.[61] In addition, the airport's international growth continued with the addition of a twice-weekly flight by Air Senegal to Blaise Diagne International Airport in Dakar, Senegal, via a stop in Kennedy International Airport in Queens, New York City. However, in January 2023, Air Senegal ceased the New York City to Baltimore portion of this route, dropping Baltimore back down to only two year-round transatlantic flights.[62] In 2022, Play Airlines began daily nonstop flights from Baltimore to Reykjavík, Iceland, which was quickly followed a few weeks later by Icelandair also resuming flights from BWI to Reykjavík.

On January 26, 2023, Copa Airlines announced they would start operating direct flights to Panama City, making it the first Central America-based airline to operate out of the airport. The flights began as scheduled in late June 2023.[63]

Facilities

Runways

BWI Airport covers 3160acres of land[64] [65] and has three active runways:[66] [67]

Terminal

Baltimore/Washington International Airport has five concourses with 78 gates. Of these, 14 are international (all 11 gates in Concourse E are international gates, four of E's gates are arrival-only, and three gates in Concourse D are also international gates).[68]

Cargo concourse

The airport's cargo concourse covers a 395000square feet area. Its facilities include a 60000square feet cargo building in the Midfield Cargo Complex, including a 200,000 square feet warehouse used for Amazon Air, a foreign trade zone, a air cargo ramp, and ramp parking for 17 aircraft with direct nose-in access for eight freighters.

Ground transportation

BWI was ranked one of the "Top 10 Easiest U.S. Airports to Get to" by Aviation.com in 2007.[69]

BWI is located at the southeast terminus of Interstate 195, a spur route providing connections to the Baltimore–Washington Parkway and Interstate 95. The airport has a variety of parking options, ranging from a garage within walking distance to the concourses to remote parking lots that require shuttles to access.

A light rail station, with service to downtown Baltimore and other locations via Baltimore Light RailLink, is located next to Concourse E.

Amtrak and MARC trains regularly serve the BWI Rail Station, located on airport grounds but about a mile from the terminal, with free shuttle bus service connecting the destinations.[70] Trains on Amtrak's Northeast Corridor, Acela and MARC's Penn Line stop at the station and proceed to destinations including Union Station in Washington, D.C. and Penn Station in Baltimore.[71]

Local buses that stop at the airport terminal include the Maryland Transportation Authority's 75 route to Patapsco station on Light RailLink and Arundel Mills Mall, as well as route 201, which connects the airport to Shady Grove station on the Washington Metro.

Passenger van service to and from the Eastern Shore and Western Maryland is available through BayRunner Shuttle with services to and from BWI to Kent Island, Easton, Cambridge, Salisbury, Ocean Pines, and Ocean City (for the Eastern Shore) and Grantsville, Frostburg, Cumberland, Hancock, Hagerstown, and Frederick (for Western Maryland).[72] [73] There are also numerous private car, rental car, and cab services, as well as shuttles that go to and from BWI to local hotels; Baltimore and Washington and their suburbs; and Central and Western Maryland.

Some former ground transportation services have been discontinued, including bicycle-sharing system from the Boston-based company Zagster[74] and the Washington Metro's B30 bus, which was an express service to Greenbelt station.

Other facilities

In 1985, the BWI Business District was established as a way to formalize businesses and hotels operating adjacent to the airport. The district comprises two smaller districts located to the north (West Nursery Hotel District) and west (Stoney Run District) of the airport. Numerous traveler resources and employment centers are located within both districts, such as the BWI Rail Station and BWI Rental Car Facility in the Stoney Run District, and the BWI Business District Light Rail Station, the NSA Friendship Annex, and dozens of hotel facilities in the West Nursery District.

A U.S. Department of Homeland Security facility is located in the lower level of the main terminal, near the international arrivals area / Concourse E Baggage Claim. This facility also includes a Global Entry Enrollment Center, as well as a TSA PreCheck enrollment facility.

In the early 1990s, BWI Airport opened the Thomas A. Dixon Aircraft Observation Area at Friendship Park. The observation plaza features a playground and a terrace overlooking the southern approach to the airport's 15R-33L runway.[75] From this vantage point, several planes can be viewed simultaneously as they prepare for landing. The southern loop of the 13.3 mile BWI Trail travels through the park, providing cyclist and pedestrian access to the park.

In addition to the Thomas A. Dixon Aircraft Observation Area, which provides spotters with views of aircraft landing on runway 33L, spotters can use one of several parking garages to view arrivals to runway 15R, with some arrivals appearing to be below the spotter.

The Maryland Aviation Administration has its headquarters on the third floor of the terminal building.[76]

Airlines and destinations

Cargo

Statistics

Top destinations

Busiest domestic routes from BWI (April 2023 – March 2024)[77]
RankCityPassengersCarriers
1Atlanta, Georgia937,000Delta, Southwest, Spirit, Frontier
2Orlando, Florida771,000Frontier, Southwest, Spirit
3Fort Lauderdale, Florida505,000Southwest, Spirit
4Boston, Massachusetts451,000Delta, Southwest
5Denver, Colorado445,000Frontier, Southwest, United
6Charlotte, North Carolina377,000American, Southwest
7Tampa, Florida375,000Southwest, Spirit
8Miami, Florida317,000American, Frontier, Southwest, Spirit
9Chicago–O'Hare, Illinois294,000American, Southwest, United
10Las Vegas, Nevada273,000Southwest, Spirit
Busiest international routes from BWI (October 2021 – September 2022)[78]
RankCityPassengersCarriers
1 Cancún, Mexico338,251Southwest, Spirit
2 Montego Bay, Jamaica230,289Southwest
3 Punta Cana, Dominican Republic106,032Southwest
4 Oranjestad, Aruba65,015Southwest
5 London–Heathrow, United Kingdom62,379British Airways
6 Reykjavík–Keflavík, Iceland58,506Icelandair, Play
7 Toronto–Pearson, Canada30,032Air Canada
8 Nassau, Bahamas26,374Southwest
9 Frankfurt, Germany16,755Condor
10 Liberia, Costa Rica12,799Southwest

Airline market share

Largest airlines at BWI
(April 2023 - March 2024)[79]
RankAirlinePassengersShare
1Southwest Airlines17,612,00071.63%
2Spirit Airlines1,905,0007.75%
3Delta Air Lines1,560,0006.35%
4United Airlines1,043,0004.24%
5American Airlines998,0004.21%
6Other1,509,0006.14%

Annual traffic

Annual passenger traffic at BWI
2006–present[80] [81] ! Year !! Passengers !! Year !! Passengers
200620,698,967201625,122,651
200721,044,384201726,369,411
200820,488,881201827,145,831
200920,953,615201926,993,896
201021,936,461202011,204,511
201122,391,785202118,868,429
201222,679,987202222,804,744
201322,498,353202326,200,143
201422,312,6762024
201523,823,5322025

Accidents and incidents at or near BWI

In popular culture

BWI has been a backdrop in six films, Goldfinger (1964), Broadcast News (1987), The Silence of the Lambs (1991), Company Business (1991), Home for the Holidays (1995), and Twelve Monkeys (1995).

It was also featured in the reality TV series Airline (2004–2005), an episode of the TV series House of Cards, and the TV documentaries Honor Flight (2007) and Eatin' Crabs Chesapeake Style (2009).

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: About MDOT MAA. BWIairport.com. en-US. February 16, 2019. The Maryland Department of Transportation Maryland Aviation Administration (MDOT MAA) is the owner and operator of BWI Marshall Airport (BWI) and Martin State Airport (KMTN).. https://web.archive.org/web/20190206140156/https://www.bwiairport.com/flying-with-us/about-bwi/about-mdot-maa. February 6, 2019. live.
  2. Web site: 2020 CENSUS - CENSUS BLOCK MAP (INDEX): Anne Arundel County, MD. United States Census Bureau. 3 (PDF p. 4/41). Baltimore/washington International Thurgood Marshall Arprt. June 25, 2023.
  3. Web site: BWI Airport Statistics For 2023. bwiairport.com. March 1, 2024.
  4. Web site: BWI Annual Statistics 2017-Present. bwiairport.com. March 1, 2024.
  5. Web site: KBWI Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport Baltimore, Maryland, USA. AirNav.com. October 28, 2016. en-US. https://web.archive.org/web/20161026021543/http://www.airnav.com/airport/KBWI. October 26, 2016. live.
  6. Web site: Driving Directions: Washington DC. BWIairport.com. December 16, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20170715051323/http://www.bwiairport.com/en/travel/maps-and-direction/from/washington. July 15, 2017. dead. en-US.
  7. Web site: About Baltimore-Washington Int'l Airport. baltimore-airport.com. December 22, 2023.
  8. Web site: Final 2023 Calender Year Commercial Service Enplanements By Rank Order . faa.gov. July 16, 2024.
  9. "Arundel Tract Favored For Baltimore Airport ". The Washington Post. August 11, 1944. p. 7.
  10. "Anne Arundel Airport Site is Favored: Bonnell Cites Advantages Of 2,100 Acres Near Linthicum Heights". The Baltimore Sun. August 10, 1944. p. 22.
  11. News: Linthicum Heights Airport Approved . March 17, 2023 . . March 17, 1946 . . M3 . . March 17, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230317010348/https://www.proquest.com/docview/151827918 . . live .
  12. News: 500 Acres Acquired For Baltimore Airport . The Washington Post . June 27, 1946 . 3 . December 22, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170305002321/http://search.proquest.com/docview/151792190/ . March 5, 2017 . live . .
  13. "Airport Work Begins Today: City And State Officials To Witness Ground-Breaking". The Baltimore Sun. May 2, 1947. p. 7.
  14. http://www.bwiairport.com/en/about-bwi/bwi-timeline/#1949 "BWI History at a Glance"
  15. News: Work crews unearth potter's field at BWI. The Baltimore Sun. February 16, 1996. Consella A.. Lee. April 19, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20140222020951/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1996-02-16/news/1996047047_1_friendship-cemetery-cemetery-board-cemetery-is-closed. February 22, 2014. live.
  16. "Airport Farm Value Listed At $14,000 By City Appraiser". The Baltimore Sun. January 7, 1947. p. 6.
  17. "City to Move 170 Bodies: Will Pay To Transfer Those Buried On Airport Site". The Baltimore Sun. September 27, 1946. p. 19.
  18. "City Will Pay for Road Shift: Meade Highway Runs Through Projected New Airport". The Baltimore Sun. October 6, 1946. p. 18.
  19. News: The Washington Post. Cooperation Built Airport, Truman Says: President Dedicates Baltimore Project; Praises Aid Programs Truman Lauds Cooperation. June 25, 1950.
  20. News: Friendship Airport Opens . March 17, 2023 . . July 24, 1950 . . 12 . . March 17, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230317010411/https://www.proquest.com/docview/152273391 . . live .
  21. http://www.bwiairport.com/en/about-bwi/bwi-timeline/#1959 "BWI History at a Glance"
  22. Web site: History of Baltimore/Washington Int'l Airport. kilduffs.com. March 16, 2024.
  23. News: Friendship International Airport from the City of Baltimore for $36 million in 1972. The Washington Post. August 8, 1984. John Mintz.
  24. News: New Name for Airport . March 17, 2023 . . October 2, 1973 . . A7 . . March 5, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170305002318/http://search.proquest.com/docview/148324405/ . live .
  25. News: Shift to 'BWI' Ends Identity Problem for Md. Airport . March 17, 2023 . . April 21, 1980 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170828151132/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1980/04/21/shift-to-bwi-ends-identity-problem-for-md-airport/34c38cb9-c675-4c83-a359-1d8dd79b08c5/ . August 28, 2017 . . live .
  26. Web site: Projects: BWI Airport. Charles Brickbauer, Architect. October 25, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121128225135/http://charlesbrickbauer.com/. November 28, 2012. live.
  27. http://www.bwiairport.com/en/about-bwi/bwi-timeline/#1979 "BWI History at a Glance"
  28. http://www.bwiairport.com/en/about-bwi/bwi-timeline/#1989 "BWI History at a Glance"
  29. News: Designer Chosen for $100 Million BWI Expansion STV Group, Partner Would Design Larger International Wing. Edward. Gunts. The Baltimore Sun. June 16, 1992. June 12, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20140407075802/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1992-06-16/business/1992168181_1_stv-group-design-state-officials. April 7, 2014. live.
  30. Web site: BWI Timeline: 1990 to 1999. BWI History at a Glance. Maryland Aviation Administration. December 15, 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20100328005535/http://www.bwiairport.com/en/about-bwi/bwi-timeline. March 28, 2010.
  31. News: Tkacik . Christina . BWI is a gem among East Coast airports. (Sorry, Dulles.) . March 17, 2023 . The Baltimore Banner . March 2, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230302194655/https://www.thebaltimorebanner.com/culture/travel/bwi-airport-best-baltimore-washington-thurgood-marshall-international-B63QX2NE2VBVVPSAIMQVUH5PX4/ . March 2, 2023 . en . "Only a fraction of Dulles’ sheer geographic size, BWI serves fewer international destinations. As former Oriole Adam Jones responded to me via Twitter, “Dulles is waaaaaaay out the way. But Dulles has a lot more international flights. So there’s a trade off.” Another commenter called BWI “utterly useless” for those “trying to leave North America.”" . live.
  32. News: Aer Lingus Launches 'Quick Trips' . Irish Voice . November 25, 2003 . New York . 8.
  33. News: Shifrin . Carole . Jamaica Banks on New Air Service From Baltimore . March 16, 2023 . Washington Post . January 25, 1982 . March 17, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230317000145/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1982/01/25/jamaica-banks-on-new-air-service-from-baltimore/84c31b4a-af8b-4043-ac8e-a65910a16908/ . live .
  34. Curcio, Barbara. "Worldwise". The Washington Post. October 31, 1993. p. E03.
  35. Web site: How to Fly Military Space-A via BWI . March 17, 2023 . Poppin' Smoke . October 24, 2019 . "Although it’s a civilian airport, it has more missions to and from Ramstein AB than any other location in the U.S." . https://web.archive.org/web/20211009043329/https://www.poppinsmoke.com/flying-space-a-bwi/ . October 9, 2021.
  36. News: Vogel . Steve . World's Largest USO Opens at BWI . March 17, 2023 . Washington Post . January 21, 2000 . August 2, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190802050120/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2000/01/21/worlds-largest-uso-opens-at-bwi/f45159a3-802d-4231-8e25-d769acbd97f8/ . live .
  37. Web site: 1989-Work Begins On Extension of General Aviation Runway to 5,000 Feet. bwi-airport.com. April 19, 2024.
  38. Book: Addressing Uncertainty about Future Airport Activity Levels in Airport Decision Making. Transportation Research Board. 2012. National Academy of Sciences. 978-0-309-25857-9. 90. October 25, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20130203204156/http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_rpt_076.pdf. February 3, 2013. live.
  39. http://www.aci-na.org/stats/stats_traffic 2008 North American Final Rankings
  40. News: Reunion in Ghana, rejoicing at BWI . The Baltimore Sun . July 6, 2000 . Adams, Paul . 1D, 3D.
  41. News: Ghana Airways proposes to begin service at BWI . The Baltimore Sun . April 7, 2000 . Arney, June . 1C, 8C.
  42. News: Fliers Stuck In Md. After Airline Is Grounded . The Washington Post . August 1, 2004 . September 5, 2022 . Boorstein . Michelle . Stockwell . Jamie.
  43. News: The 'I' is for International: BWI gets direct link to West Africa . Afro-American Red Star . July 15, 2000 . Ashford, Terry Dwayne . .
  44. News: Frustrated travelers leave BWI for Ghana . The Baltimore Sun . August 4, 2004 . September 5, 2022 . Knight, Molly . September 6, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220906005051/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/109021582/the-baltimore-sun/ . live .
  45. http://www.bwiairport.com/en/about-bwi/bwi-timeline/#2000 "BWI History at a Glance"
  46. May 10, 2005 . Baltimore-Washington International Airport and Other State Facilities, Roads, and Bridges - Naming . . https://web.archive.org/web/20130708100001/https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2005rs/billfile/hb0189.htm . July 8, 2013 .
  47. News: BWI losing flights to Africa in May . The Baltimore Sun . February 21, 2008 . March 16, 2023 . McCandlish . Laura . September 22, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210922021209/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2008-02-21-0802210025-story.html . live .
  48. News: Gambia: NAA Maiden Flight Returns to Banjul . The Daily Observer . June 7, 2006 . September 5, 2022 . Manneh, Chief Ebrima B. . Banjul . June 15, 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060615203702/https://allafrica.com/stories/200606070741.html.
  49. News: Small airline to start BWI–Africa service . The Baltimore Sun . April 12, 2006 . September 5, 2022 . Cohn . Meredith . September 28, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210928065004/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2006-04-12-0604120139-story.html . live .
  50. News: North American Airlines pulling out of BWI . Baltimore Business Journal . February 18, 2008 . September 8, 2022 . Sharrow, Ryan . March 17, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230317010353/https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/2008/02/18/daily11.html . live .
  51. Formichelli, Linda. "Magazine picks America's healthiest airports ." CNN. Wednesday December 17, 2008. Retrieved on October 21, 2009.
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  55. Web site: BWI to close main runways for paving. December 13, 2010 . September 22, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150923103135/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2010-12-13/features/bs-md-airport-runways-20101209_1_bwi-plans-runway-project-paul-wiedefeld. September 23, 2015. live.
  56. Web site: Runway 4-22 Permanently Closed at BWI Thurgood Marshall Airport - BWI Airport - Baltimore Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport. www.bwiairport.com. October 28, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141028170416/http://www.bwiairport.com/en/about-bwi/press-releases/1135. October 28, 2014. dead.
  57. Web site: Jenn Wasner, other Baltimore musicians to perform at BWI Airport. Wesley. Case. February 4, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160204015547/http://www.baltimoresun.com/entertainment/music/midnight-sun-blog/bal-jenn-wasner-bwi-airport-wtmd-partnership-story.html. February 4, 2016. live.
  58. News: Broadwater . Luke . Maryland officials approve $60 million expansion at BWI Airport over Franchot's objections . March 17, 2023 . . July 19, 2018 . February 24, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200224012829/https://www.baltimoresun.com/business/bs-md-bwi-expansion-vote-20180719-story.html . live .
  59. News: Wood. Pamela. BWI's newest concourse opens with spacious restrooms, five additional gates, extra charging outlets. August 3, 2021. The Baltimore Sun. May 17, 2021. May 27, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210527130958/https://www.baltimoresun.com/politics/bs-md-pol-bwi-new-concourse-20210517-flin4xrthzhbvlo243kl7bjq7u-story.html. live.
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  61. News: Lancaster's Hometown Airline to Serve Washington-Dulles . March 17, 2023 . Aviation Pros . April 19, 2021 . "Southern Airways Express, the hometown airline of Lancaster, PA since 2016, is moving its East Coast hub from Baltimore to Washington Dulles International Airport." . June 8, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210608064245/https://www.aviationpros.com/airlines/press-release/21219190/southern-airways-lancasters-hometown-airline-to-serve-washingtondulles . live .
  62. Web site: Air Senegal USA Operations Update. August 25, 2021. August 26, 2021. August 26, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210826165329/https://flyairsenegal.com/en/air-senegal-usa-operations-update/. live.
  63. Web site: COPA Air Flights from Baltimore. July 18, 2023. July 18, 2023.
  64. . Effective August 8, 2024
  65. Web site: BWI Airport data at skyvector.com. skyvector.com. July 17, 2024.
  66. Web site: FAA Information about Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshal Airport (BWI). May 25, 2021. www.airport-data.com. May 25, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210525173911/https://www.airport-data.com/airport/BWI/. live.
  67. Web site: AirNav Airport Information For KBWI. airnav.com. April 21, 2024.
  68. Web site: Explore BWI BWI Airport . October 20, 2020 . October 20, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201020042541/https://www.bwiairport.com/wayfinding . live .
  69. . BWI Ranked Among Best American Airports for Access and Efficiency . https://web.archive.org/web/20100103031035/http://bwiairport.com/en/about-bwi/press-releases/164 . January 3, 2010 . dead . August 15, 2007.
  70. News: Campbell . Colin . December 15, 2019 . $4.7 million revamp of BWI Rail Station adds amenities, but fails to fix leaky roof . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20191217013247/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/47-million-revamp-of-bwi-rail-station-adds-amenities-but-fails-to-fix-covered-walkways-leaky-roof/2019/12/15/32052064-1d13-11ea-b4c1-fd0d91b60d9e_story.html . December 17, 2019 . March 17, 2023 . . "which offers MARC, Amtrak, bus service and a free shuttle to the airport and light rail".
  71. http://mta.maryland.gov/sites/default/files/penn_Nov2011.pdf MARC Penn Line rail schedule
  72. Web site: About BayRunner Shuttle and Destinations From BWI Airport. bwiairport.com. April 18, 2024.
  73. Web site: BayRunner Shuttle Locations. bayrunnershuttle.com. April 18, 2024.
  74. News: June 11, 2020 . Bike-share company Zagster ending operations nationwide . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230317010352/https://www.abc27.com/local-news/harrisburg/zagster-ending-operations-nationwide/ . March 17, 2023 . March 17, 2023 . ABC27.
  75. Web site: BWI Thurgood Marshall Airport Announces New Playground is Open - BWI Airport - Baltimore Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport. www.bwiairport.com. September 21, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160922013143/http://www.bwiairport.com/en/about-bwi/press-releases/1190. September 22, 2016. dead.
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  78. Web site: International_Report_Passengers Department of Transportation - Data Portal . February 1, 2023 . data.transportation.gov . July 19, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190719031853/https://data.transportation.gov/Aviation/International_Report_Passengers/xgub-n9bw . live .
  79. Web site: Baltimore, MD: Baltimore/Washington International Airport (BWI) . live . June 1, 2024 . . May 24, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220524130101/https://www.transtats.bts.gov/airports.asp?20=E&Nv42146=OjV&Nv42146_anzr=Ony6vz14r%2C%20ZQ%3A%20Ony6vz14r%2Fjn5uv0t610%20V06r40n6v10ny%20gu74t11q%20Zn45unyy&pn44vr4=SNPgf .
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  81. Web site: BWI Airport Annual Statistics 2017-2023. March 8, 2023. bwiairport.com. March 8, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230308205509/https://www.bwiairport.com/flying-with-us/about-bwi/statistics. live.
  82. Web site: Accident Description for 44-29864. aviation-safety.net. January 25, 2024.
  83. Web site: USAF Accident Reports-1953 (crashdate:530325). aviationarchaeology.com. December 5, 2023.
  84. News: . March 26, 1953. Three Air Force Men Killed In B-25 Crash At Friendship Airport. The Baltimore Sun. page 38. December 9, 2023. none.
  85. News: . March 26, 1953. Bomber Bumps Auto Off Highway, Then Crashes, Killing 3. The Evening Star. page 3. January 22, 2024. none.
  86. News: . March 26, 1953. Plane Crash Kills Three Men. Cumberland Evening Times. page 7. January 25, 2024. none.
  87. Web site: Ranter . Harro . ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-9 registration unknown Baltimore/Washington International Airport, MD (BWI) . aviation-safety.net . June 4, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161009144351/https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19740222-0 . October 9, 2016 . live .
  88. Web site: Ranter . Harro . ASN Aircraft accident Volpar Turboliner II N7770B Elkridge, MD . aviation-safety.net . June 4, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160310021805/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19921210-1 . March 10, 2016 . live.

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