BMW i3 explained

BMW i3
Manufacturer:BMW
Model Code:I01
Production:September 2013 – August 2022 (250,000 units)
Assembly:Germany: Leipzig (BMW Group Plant Leipzig)
Successor:BMW iX
BMW i4
Class:Supermini/subcompact car (B)
Body Style:5-door hatchback
Doors:Conventional doors (front)
Suicide doors (rear)
Layout:Rear-motor, rear-wheel-drive
Motor:BMW eDrive synchronous permanent magnet motor 125 kW[1] 137 kW
Battery:i3 60 Ah: 18.2 kWh (22 gross) lithium-ion[2]
i3 94 Ah: 27.2 kWh (33 gross) lithium-ion
i3 120 Ah: 37.9 kWh (42.2 gross) lithium-ion
Electric Range:BEV 60 Ah
81miles EPA
80to NEDC
BEV 94 Ah
114miles EPA
BEV 120 Ah
153miles EPA[3]
223miles NEDC
192miles WLTP[4]
REx 60 Ah (with range extender)
72miles (EPA)
Total: 150abbr=on0abbr=on (EPA)
REx 94 Ah (with range extender)
97miles
Total: 180abbr=on0abbr=on
REx 120 Ah (with range extender)
126miles
Total: 200abbr=on0abbr=on
Engine:647 cc W20K06U0 25 kW I2 range extender
91NaN1 in Europe[5] and U.S (2017+)
7.21NaN1 in the U.S. (2014–2016)
Transmission:Single speed with fixed ratio
Drivetrain:Series plug-in hybrid
Range extender (i3 REx)
Charging:7.4 kW on-board charger on IEC Combo AC, optional 50 kW Combo DC, DCFC standard on 2015+ models in the US market.
Wheelbase:25701NaN1
Length:39991NaN1
Width:17751NaN1
Height:15781NaN1
Weight:60 Ah: 11950NaN0
60 Ah: 1315kg (2,899lb) (with range extender)[6]
Sp:uk
Designer:Richard Kim[7] [8]
Model Years:2014–2021 (North America)

The BMW i3 is an electric car that was manufactured by German marque BMW from 2013 to 2022. The i3 was BMW's first mass-produced zero emissions vehicle and was launched as part of BMW's electric vehicle BMW i sub-brand. It is a B-segment, high-roof hatchback with an electric powertrain. It uses rear-wheel drive via a single-speed transmission and an underfloor lithium-ion battery pack with an optional range-extending petrol engine.[9]

Styled by Richard Kim, the i3 is a five-door with a passenger module of high strength, ultra-lightweight carbon fibre reinforced polymer adhered to an aluminium chassis, battery, drive system and powertrain. The body features two clamshell rear-hinged rear doors.

The i3 debuted as a concept at the 2011 International Motor Show Germany, and production began in September 2013 in Leipzig.

It ranked third amongst electric cars sold worldwide from 2014 to 2016. Its global sales totaled 250,000 units by the end of 2022. Germany was its biggest market with over 47,500 units delivered through December 2021, followed by the U.S. with over 45,000.

The i3 won two World Car of the Year Awards, selected as 2014 World Green Car of the Year and as 2014 World Car Design of the Year.[10] The i3 received an iF Product Design Gold Award,[11] and won UK Car of the Year 2014 and Best Supermini of 2014 in the first UK Car of the Year Awards.

History

In February 2011, BMW debuted its sub-brand, BMW i, to market vehicles produced under Project i. BMW i vehicles were to be sold separately from BMW or Mini. The first two production models are the BMW i3, formerly called the Mega City Vehicle (MCV), and the plug-in hybrid BMW i8, the production version of the Vision Efficient Dynamics concept unveiled at the 2009 International Motor Show Germany and has an all-electric range of 50km (30miles). Production of both cars was scheduled to start in Leipzig in 2013.[12] [13]

BMW incorporated lessons learned during the field testing of the Mini E (2009–2010) and the BMW ActiveE (2012) into the design of the i3, in particular the battery and powertrain, achievable range, and the use of one pedal driving in urban traffic areas.

Concept vehicles

The i3 concept car was unveiled at the 2011 International Motor Show.[9] [14] This prototype had a 22kWh lithium-ion battery pack that delivered between 80and. The battery fully charged in about four hours with the 240-volt charging unit. The i3 was expected to go from 0 to in less than 8 seconds.[9] [14]

BMW also showcased a BMW i3 prototype during the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.[15]

BMW unveiled the i3 Concept Coupé study at the 2012 Los Angeles Auto Show. The concept car demonstrated the potential for extending the model range. The three-door hatchback coupe, like the five-door i3 electric hatchback sedan, was propelled by an electric motor developed by the BMW Group, with a maximum output of 125kW and peak torque of . Power delivery to the rear wheels was via a single-speed transmission. The li-ion battery pack was placed under the floor and could deliver an all-electric range of 160km (100miles). A REx gasoline engine could be added to extend the car's range to 320km (200miles).[16] [17]

Launch

The production i3 was announced in July 2013 as a 2014 model year vehicle.[18] Automotive press were invited to test drive the production cars in Amsterdam.[19]

The original battery capacity was 60 Ah or 22 kWh (gross), with a net capacity of 19 kWh. The unladen DIN weight was, with the range extender.[20]

In the United States, the i3 was available with one of three trim packages dictating the wheels and interior: Mega World (base, cloth seats and 19" Style 427 wheels), Giga World (+US$1,700, adds leather interior accents and 19" Giga-specific Style 429 wheels), and Tera World (+US$2,700, adds full leather interior and 19" Tera-specific Style 428 wheels). 20" Style 430 double-spoke wheels were optional for Giga and Tera trims. In addition, two option packages were available: Parking Assistant (+US$1,000, added backup camera and parking assistance) and Technology – Driving Assistant (+US$2,500, added wide-screen navigation, deceleration assistance, and adaptive cruise control).[21] [22] Wheel and tyre sizes varied by trim.[23] The equivalent trim lines in the UK were named Standard/Atelier, Loft (+£1,000; both corresponding to Mega); Lodge (+£1,500, corresponding to Giga); and Suite (+£2,000, corresponding to Tera). Wheel options were not locked to trims in the UK, with 19" Style 427 wheels standard and the rest optionally available in combination with any interior trim.[24]

Feature[25] USMega Giga Tera
UKStd/Atelier Loft Lodge Suite
InteriorCloth (black) Cloth (grey) Leather & wool Leather
Wheels &<br/>Tyres19"
(Style 427)
(Style 429)
(Style 428)
F/R: 155/70R19 (BEV)
F: 155/70R19 (REx)
R: 175/60R19 (REx)		F: 155/70R19
R: 175/60R19		F: 155/70R19
R: 175/60R19
20" (optional) —
(Style 430)
F: 155/60R20
R: 175/55R20

2017 model

In May 2016, BMW announced the 2017 model year (MY) BMW i3 would have a 94 Ah / 33 kWh (27.2 kW net usable) battery, allowing increased range, in both the all-electric and range-extended versions. BMW and Samsung SDI optimized the cell-internal packages with more electrolyte and adapted the active material, resulting in higher energy density of the lithium ion cells that increased battery capacity by more than 50% without changes in exterior dimensions of the car. The electronics package was upgraded with new software mapping for the battery cooling system and the electric motor.[26] With the larger battery, the unladen EU weight was, rising to with the range extender.[27]

The range of the REx model was increased in the American market thanks to a fuel tank that is effectively 25% larger than the previous model. Although the fuel tank is physically unchanged, BMW previously had locked out part of the tank using software specific to the American market to meet requirements for vehicles with range extenders, as the car had more gasoline-powered range than all-electric range, which would affect its status as a zero-emissions vehicle (ZEV) in California.[28]

The 2017 model year i3 was released in the United States and Europe in July 2016. According to BMW, as of 10 August 2016, orders for the larger battery i3 exceeded 7,000 units, with a total of 2,358 i3s delivered worldwide in July 2016, up 33.7% year-on-year.[29] Sales also surged in the U.S. with 1,479 units sold in July 2016, up 58.2% from July 2015, and 143.3% from June 2016.[30] However, BMW only managed to sell 6,276 i3s in 2017 in the U.S., a drop of 17 percent from 2016.[31] Purchase incentive of up to $10,000 was available for 2017 or 2018 models.[32] [33]

Both variants with the improved battery were scheduled to be available in the UK, Germany, and France starting in July 2016.[34] Owners of previous i3 models in selected markets have the option to retrofit their vehicles with the improved battery. BMW plans to use the used 22 kWh batteries in the manufacturing of stationary power storage units.[35] The battery retrofit option is not available in the U.S.[36]

2018 model and i3s

The exterior was refreshed for the 2018 model year, with a new front bumper, horizontal turnsignal light openings, and standard LED headlights. The rear bumper was also revised and a horizontal silver bar was added to the rear hatch. On the side, a silver accent was added to the roofline on the i3 model, not on the i3s model; the visual stance of the i3s was widened with the addition of fender flares.[37]

In 2017, BMW announced the addition of the i3s ("sport") to its lineup beginning with the 2018 model year. Visually, many of the chrome accents added to the regular 2018 model were blacked-out on the i3s. The i3s features increased power and torque output from and, a lowered sport suspension, wider model-exclusive Style 431 double-spoke wheels and tires (F: 175/55R20 and R: 195/50R20, each wider than the standard tires fitted with Style 430 wheels), faster acceleration, and a SPORT drive mode.[38] [39] The i3s features a wider track width at, compared to (F/R) for the regular i3; overall width also increases from .[40] The i3s, like the i3, is offered with optional Range Extender. Also like the regular i3, the i3s is offered with a choice of interiors, from standard Mega / Atelier and Loft to Giga / Lodge and Tera / Suite. The unladen EU weight of the i3s was approximately heavier than the regular i3, at without and with the range extender.[27]

2019 model

In September 2018, BMW announced a larger 42.2 kWh (120 Ah) battery for the i3.[41] Minor alterations to the i3 included new color options and adaptive headlights. With the introduction of the bigger battery, BMW decided to discontinue the REX version of the i3 in Europe.[42] Unladen weight did not grow much with the larger battery; the unladen EU weight was for the regular i3 and for the i3s.[43]

Discontinuation

, BMW planned to continue i3 production until 2024, and there were no specific plans for an i3 successor.[44] However, BMW announced in June 2021 it would discontinue i3 sales in the US after the 2021 model year, replaced by the BMW iX and BMW i4 for that market in 2022. The end of production for US models occurred in July 2021;[45] [46] [47] Australian models were discontinued at the end of 2021.[48]

BMW confirmed in early 2022 that production of all i3 models is scheduled to end in July 2022, and will be succeeded in some markets by BMW iX1, which will enter mass production at the Regensburg factory in 2024[49] before shifting to Hungary. The Leipzig plant will be retooled to produce the updated Mini Countryman.[48]

3G cellular technology discontinuation

In April 2021, BMW announced the 3G cellular technology services will be discontinued starting February 2022 for vehicles in the US market.[50] This is due to the decline and decommissioning of the 3G service.

Design and technology

Body and chassis

The i3 was the first mass production car with most of its internal structure and body made of carbon-fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP). BMW took advantage of the absence of a forward internal combustion engine, giving the i3 a "clean sheet design" with a sports-like appearance.[51] [15] [52]

The i3 includes four doors and seating for four occupants with rear suicide doors.[15] The passenger compartment is known as the Life Module, made of CFRP, sitting atop the aluminum Drive Module, which incorporates the powertrain, frame, battery, and suspension. Carbon fiber is sourced from SGL Automotive Carbon Fibers, a joint venture of BMW and SGL Carbon in Moses Lake, Washington; the fibers are woven into fabric at another BMW/SGL joint venture plant in Wackersdorf, then the fabric is laid up into structures using a resin transfer molding process at BMW Landshut.[53] Finally, the finished pieces are assembled into the Life Module by 173 robots at BMW Leipzig, using adhesives only.[54]

The door panels of the i3 are made of hemp, which mixed with plastic helps lower the weight of each panel by about 10%. Hemp fibers, left exposed, also form a design element of the car's interior and contribute to sustainability. Further environmental consciousness is reflected in the optional seat leather, which is tanned with olive-leaf extract and the dashboard trim, which is made from environmentally refined wood from certified cultivation in Europe.[55] By November 2010, BMW had demonstrated the passenger compartment's light weight, and the automaker's chief executive said they had already decided on the basic design of the car and that road-testing prototypes began soon after.

The tires for the i3 were designed by Bridgestone to minimize rolling resistance and aerodynamic drag, featuring a narrower width, larger diameter, and higher inflation pressure (155/70R19 at) than typical passenger car tires (175/65R15 at for equivalent load capacity).[56] Bridgestone call this combination of changes "ologic", supplying similar tires to World Solar Challenge teams.[57] [58]

At launch Bridgestone were the sole tyre supplier for the BMW i3, but since launch Nankang, Continental and recently Michelin have begun to supply 155 and 175 widths.[59]

Powertrain

The i3 uses a newly developed powertrain consisting of a 170order=flipNaNorder=flip electric motor running on lithium-ion batteries and driving the rear axle.[15] The top speed is limited to 93order=flipNaNorder=flip.[61] A range-extender option is available, adding a small rear-mounted gasoline engine to recharge the traction battery when it is low.

Battery, range, and economy

BMW aimed to achieve a range of 100miles, the same range that was expected for the BMW ActiveE, but in order to reduce weight, battery capacity was cut to 16 kWh instead of the ActiveE's 30 kWh.[62] As initially sold (2014–16 model years), the vehicle's official range is 80to for the 60 Ah battery option under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), and up to 200km (100miles) in the most efficient driving mode.[63] Under the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) cycle, the official range of the 60 Ah model is 81miles with combined fuel economy of 124 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent —MPGe— (1.90 L/100 km; 149 mpg imp).

The 2014–16 model years with the range extender option have an official NEDC total range of 160to.[64]

BMW estimates the energy consumption is 0.21 kWh/mile in everyday driving.[6] Under its five-cycle testing, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rated the 2014 through 2016 model year all-electric BMW i3 (60 Ah) energy consumption at 27 kWh/100 mi (16.9 kWh/100 km) with a combined fuel economy at 124 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent – MPGe – (1.90 L/100 km; 149 mpg imp) with an all-electric range of 81miles.[65] The range-extended model has lower ratings than the all-electric i3 due to the extra weight of the twin-cylinder gasoline engine used in the i3 REx.[66]

Range and economy varies depending on the presence of the range extending internal combustion engine and larger batteries fitted to later models:

BMW i3 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ratings
All-electric (no REx)
Model yearModelBatteryEV rangeEconomy / consumptionNotes
CombinedCityHighway
2021i3 / i3s120 Ah
2020
2019
2018i394 Ah
i3s
2017i3
201660 Ah
2015
2014
Range-extended (REx)
Model yearModelBatteryRangeEconomy / consumptionNotes
CombinedCityHighway
with RExEV with RExEV with RExEV with REx
2021i3 REx120 Ah
2020
2019
201894 Ah
2017
201660 Ah
2015
2014
Source: EPA[67] [68] [69] [70] [71] [72]
Notes:

With these ratings the all-electric BMW i3 was the most fuel efficient EPA-certified vehicle sold in the United States of all years regardless of fuel type until November 2016, when it was surpassed by the Hyundai Ioniq Electric, rated at 136 MPGe (25 kWh/100 mi).[73] [74] [75] Similarly, the i3 REx in 2014 was the most efficient EPA-certified current year vehicle with a gasoline engine, replacing the Chevrolet Volt.[73] [76]

In July 2016, BMW released the 2017 model year (MY) BMW i3 with an improved 94 Ah (33 kWh) battery pack, 50% more capacity than the previous model, resulting in an increase of its range to 114miles under the EPA cycle, an increase of 33miles over the 60 Ah variant. The 94 Ah battery gave a range of 300km (200miles) under the NEDC test.[77] [78] [63] The i3 94 Ah combined fuel economy rating is 118 MPG-e, down from 124 MPG-e for the model with the 60 Ah battery.[79]

The 2017 BMW i3 REx with the larger 94 Ah battery has an EPA-rated range of 97miles, and combined fuel economy rating is 111 MPG-e. The range using the gasoline-powered engine increased to 83miles from 78miles in the previous versions.[80]

The battery rating was again increased in 2018 to 120 Ah, which results in a total capacity of 42.2kWh. The 2019 BMW i3 REx with 120 Ah battery has an EPA-rated battery-only range of 126miles, a combined gas and electric range of 200miles miles, and a combined fuel economy rating of 100 MPG-e.[81]

Charging

BMW designed the i3 eDrive powertrain based on the premise that the battery would need to be recharged only once every two to three days. The charging frequency was derived from field trial results taken from the BMW ActiveE and MINI E vehicles in Asia, Europe and the U.S., whereby the typical commuting use between the pilot users' homes and workplaces was calculated.

The i3 allows the owner to charge the battery from a conventional wall socket. In addition, the BMW i3 has multiple charging options. With the original 60Ah battery, AC fast charging can take less than 3 hours when charging from 0 to 80% while using the BMW i Wallbox Pure or any 3rd party charging equipment (EVSE) supporting 32A. Most European models supported three-phase AC charging up to 11 kW. The i3 also has a 50 kW DC fast charging option suitable for public DC charging stations, which can take less than 30 minutes to charge the 60Ah version from 0% to 80%.[82] [83] [84] Later 94Ah and 120Ah models take proportionally longer.

In the US, the i3 can also be charged from any public charging station with an SAE J1772 connector.[85] In 2016, BMW and the PG&E utility in California expanded an experiment of delaying charge-up during peak demand and compensating i3 owners for the delay.[86]

BMW claims that the i3 is the first fully online all-electric vehicle,[87] but the Tesla Model S has had full 3G Internet connectivity since 2012.[88]

Additional mobility

BMW i introduced the BMW i Flexible Mobility Program for trips where the range of a BMW i3 would not be enough to allow customers to cover longer distances, such as providing a conventional BMW vehicle for a specified number of days per year.[89] The program started in October 2014 in the US and individual dealers can choose whether to participate in this program.[90] BMW is also offering a roadside assistance program in areas of high sales. The assistance vehicle will provide a charge so the i3 can travel to the next charging station. In addition, the i3 digital display panel shows the location of nearby recharging stations to alleviate range anxiety.[91]

Range extender option (i3 REx)

An optional petrol/gasoline range extender engine is marketed as REx[15] and is powered by the same Kymco-built 647 cc inline two-cylinder engine used in the BMW C650 GT maxi-scooter.[92] The system is intended as an emergency backup to extend range to the next recharging location, and not for long-distance travel.[93] The 647 cc engine as fitted in the i3 REx is derated compared to the engine of the same displacement in the C650 GT; the REx engine develops 25order=flipNaNorder=flip and 55order=flipNaNorder=flip at 4,300 RPM, achieving compliance with Euro-6 emissions standards[94] compared to the 44order=flipNaNorder=flip (at 7,500 RPM) and 66order=flipNaNorder=flip (at 6,000 RPM) for the engine in the C650 GT, which complies with the less restrictive Euro-4 emissions.[95]

The REx engine operates when battery capacity drops to a pre-specified level, generating electricity to extend the range. Vehicles equipped with the REx have an additional fuel filler door on the right front fender, allowing drivers to fill the tank. However, model year 2014–16 i3 REx vehicles in the U.S. are limited to a fuel capacity of electronically, in accordance with the car's classification as a range-extended battery-electric vehicle; with the full capacity, the gasoline-extended range would exceed the all-electric range, which would classify the car as a plug-in hybrid instead.[96] [97] The European model REx has an extended range of approximately 200miles.[98] In the United States with the limited tank, under EPA five-cycle testing, the i3 REx has a total range of 150miles, of which approximately half [{{cvt|72|mi|order=flip}}] is all-electric.[66] The restrictions applied to the US configuration of the i3 that do not apply to other territories prompted a class-action lawsuit in 2016.[99]

United States / California regulation

The range-extender option of the BMW i3 was designed to meet the California Air Resources Board (CARB) regulation for an auxiliary power unit (APU). According to rules adopted in March 2012 by CARB, the 2014 BMW i3 with a REx unit fitted is the first car ever to qualify as a range-extended battery-electric vehicle or "BEVx". CARB describes this type of electric vehicle as "a relatively high-electric range battery-electric vehicle (BEV) to which an APU is added." The unit, which maintains battery charge at about 30% after the pack has been depleted in normal use, is strictly limited in the additional range it can provide. As a BEVx, the car is required to deliver a minimum 75miles electric range.[100]

CARB classified the i3 with the REx option as a "Transitional Zero Emission Vehicle" (TZEV), the same classification as other plug-in hybrids such as the Chevrolet Volt and the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid. This classification made the i3 REx eligible for California's green sticker that identifies the vehicles allowed to be operated by a single occupant in California's high-occupancy vehicle lanes (HOV), or carpool or diamond lanes, but not for the white sticker reserved for pure electric cars, such as the BMW i3 without REx.[101] [102] In addition, CARB certification of the i3 REx as BEVx allows the i3 with range extender to be eligible for a Clean Vehicle Rebate, the same amount eligible pure electric cars are entitled to. Other plug-in hybrids are eligible for only a purchase rebate.[103] [104]

Since the 2017 model years and newer i3 REx have the same battery as the all-electric models, newer i3 REx cars have an increased all-electric range due to the higher capacity 94 A·hr battery (2017–18) and 120 A·hr battery (2019–22) that now exceeds its gas-powered range. For example, the 2017 model year i3 REx equipped with the range extender has a total range of 180miles, of which is all-electric. With their larger batteries fitted to the 2017 model year and later, the all-electric range exceeds the total gasoline range for the 2017 model year and beyond, so the software restrictions were removed for these model years and BMW was able to unlock the full tank for later models of the i3 REx without affecting its ZEV status.[97]

Interior and controls

In June 2012 an updated version of the BMW i3 concept car was unveiled at the opening of the first BMW i store, located on Park Lane in London, UK. The updated i3 concept consists of a new interior colour and materials concept. The seat covers combine responsibly sourced wool and leather naturally tanned with an olive oil leaf-based agent. The almost symmetrical curving dash is inlaid with treated eucalyptus wood that, according to BMW, is sourced from sustainably managed European forests.

Information is provided to the driver through a 16.5cm (06.5inches) freestanding instrument cluster and a 22.3cm (08.8inches) central information display. The bench-derived front seats replace the center tunnel that bisected the cabin and a floor-mounted transmission, brake levers or center console are also absent.[105] [106]

The BMW i3 has two pedals like all cars with automatic transmission. The accelerator pedal acts as both accelerator and engine brake. When the driver releases the pedal, the vehicle's kinetic energy is regenerated by the vehicle drivetrain to recharge the battery. This has the effect of slowing the car down. During the field testing of the Mini E, which has an accelerator that recharges the battery in this way, and consists of brakes that only apply to the rear wheels, BMW has learned that drivers tend to rely on the engine brake: around 75% of all deceleration maneuvers are initiated without the brake pedal in urban traffic areas.[62] BMW also expected the i3 to use the same type of battery and powertrain that is being tested in the BMW ActiveE trials.[107]

Operating modes

The BMW i3 allows the driver to select the car energy consumption through three different driving modes: Comfort, Eco Pro or Eco Pro+ mode. In the standard Comfort mode the i3 delivers a range between 80and in everyday driving conditions, while the i3 REx delivers between 160and.[108] [109] The Eco Pro mode increases the driving range by around 12% through a different accelerator pedal mapping which uses less power. In Eco Pro+ mode, all settings are geared to achieving the maximum possible range, increasing the driving range by about 24% compared with Comfort mode. In this mode, the maximum speed of the BMW i3 is limited to 90km/h and electrical devices such as the heating and air conditioning are switched to energy-saving mode.[108] [109] [110] [111] The i3s, introduced for the 2018 model year, adds a SPORT drive mode.[112]

Safety

The European New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP) awarded the i3 a four-star car safety rating, resulting in the following ratings for each criterion:

The BMW i3's overall ratings are lower than the other six best-selling plug-in electric vehicles, the Volvo V60 Plug-in Hybrid, Renault Zoe, Nissan Leaf, Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV, Chevrolet Volt and Opel Ampera, all of which were rated five stars.[113]

Production

BMW has implemented efficient manufacturing processes and is using recycled materials to lessen the i3's environmental impact.[55]

BMW is manufacturing carbon strands that form the basis of the i3's carbon-fiber reinforced plastic bodywork at a new plant built in Moses Lake, Washington, using raw material shipped from Japan. This location was selected to take advantage of the abundant hydroelectric power available in this U.S. region because carbon-fiber production requires considerable energy and would otherwise emit much carbon dioxide. The carbon fiber is then shipped to Landshut, Germany, where the carbon-fiber reinforced plastic parts are fabricated, and the vehicle assembly line is located in Leipzig.[62] [114] [115] [116] [117]

In November 2010, the Leipzig plant was retooled add electric vehicle assembly lines, with an investment totaling euros through 2013. The plant is located at BMW's complex that already produces variants of the 1 Series model.[118] Four 2.5 MW Nordex wind turbines at Leipzig came online in 2013, supplying approximately of the factory's electricity needs.[119] A concept version of the BMW i3 Coupe reflecting the current status of ongoing development was presented at the March 2013 Geneva Motor Show.[120] The production vehicle was officially unveiled simultaneously in New York, London and Beijing on 29 July 2013.[121] Series production for retail customers began on 18 September 2013, and the first vehicle off the production line was handed over to German marathon runner Jan Fitschen. The car was used as the lead vehicle at the 2013 Berlin Marathon on 29 September.[122]

, BMW was producing an average of 70 cars a day, about half the planned production, with lower production due to a high defect rate in the carbon parts. A subsequent investment of about in the production of carbon parts was made to solve the supply problems. According to BMW, there were 11,000 orders at the time, including 1,200 from U.S. customers. As a result of the high demand and the slow production rate, delivery waiting time extended to September 2014.[123] [124]

, production of the BMW i3 was just over 120 cars per day. By late October 2017, the 100,000th BMW i3 had been built in the Leipzig plant.[125] 700 storage batteries taken from used i3 vehicles were linked as the "Storage Farm" at Leipzig in 2017, allowing the automaker to offset the intermittent nature of wind power.[126] The 200,000th i3 rolled off the production line in the Leipzig plant on 15 October 2020.[127] Production ended in July 2022 with a total of 250,000 units. The last ten units manufactured were the special BMW i3s HomeRun Edition.[128]

Marketing and sales

Production began on 18 September 2013.[129] [130], the BMW i3 was available in 74 countries.

The first i3 deliveries to retail customers in Europe took place at an official market launch ceremony held in Munich on 15 November 2013.[131] The first delivery to a retail customer in the U.S. took place in May 2014.[132] At its market launch, pricing in the United States started at before any government incentives, and the range extender option an additional . Prices in Germany started from .[133] Pricing in the UK started at before the applicable government grant.[134]

After its release BMW, like many other plug-in electric carmakers at the time, faced weak reception of its electric car lineup.[135] [136] BMW expected to sell at least 30,000 units a year from 2014.[137] Global sales passed the 10,000 unit mark in September 2014,[138] 25,000 units in May 2015,[139] and the 50,000 unit milestone was achieved in July 2016.[140] Cumulative global sales attained the 150,000 unit mark by mid 2019.[141]

The i3 was the world's third best all-time selling all-electric car in 2016, after the Nissan Leaf and the Tesla Model S, with more than 65,000 units sold worldwide since its inception. The i3 also ranked third by sales among all-electric cars sold worldwide for three years in a row, from 2014 to 2016.[142] [143] [144] [145]

By the end of 2021, i3 sales since inception totaled over 220,000 units delivered worldwide.[146], Germany listed as the i3 top selling country market with 47,536 units sold, followed by the United States with 45,098 units. Norway is also a top market with 28,605 new units registered through January 2022.[147] The Norwegian market has the world's highest i3 penetration per capita.[148] In November 2016, the BMW i3 topped new passenger car monthly sales in Norway.[149] U.S. sales ended in July 2021.[150] Global sales totaled 250,000 units by the end of 2022.[128]

Global sales

The following table presents annual retail sales or registrations of the i3 top selling national markets through December 2021 for both variants of the BMW i3, except when noted.

BMW i3 sales/registrations in top selling countries
2013 – 2021
CountryCumulative
2013–2021		202120202019201820172016201520142013
align=left [151] [152] [153] [154] [155] [156] [157] [158] [159] 47,53612,1818,6339,3825,0954,3192,8632,2712,233559
align=left [160] [161] [162] [163] [164] [165] 45,0981,4761,5084,9806,1176,2767,62511,0246,092
align=left [166] [167] [168] [169] [170] [171] 28,6052,7144,8515,6875,0363,9532,4032,04051
align=left [172] [173] [174] +22,000 +4,300~3,4003,4582,6312,1451,220
align=left [175] [176] [177] [178] [179] [180] [181] [182] 13,5741,6781,7272,9562,4151,9541,34782260768
[183] [184] [185] [186] [187] [188] [189] 8,4501,2202,8601,613881505574545252
align=left [190] [191] [192] [193] [194] 6,5437498061,0821,063912547888390106
align=left [195] [196] [197] [198] [199] [200] 5,2719237691,17476054550037921011
align=left [201] [202] [203] 3,3449761,04178922829614
align=left [204] [205] [206] [207] [208] [209] [210] 3,10140391668268333825120427
align=left [211] [212] [213] [214] [215] [216] [217] 3,03151271561343038635332
align=left [218] [219] [220] [221] [222] [223] [224] 2,39854948727834621326222934
[225] [226] [227] [228] [229] [230] [231] [232] 164,45625,02923,36132,45124,43220,85515,06012,0479,7441,477
Global sales[233] [234] [235] [236] [237] 227,67828,21626,77039,50134,62331,482~25,50024,05716,0521,477

Reception

The BMW i3 won the Geneva Auto Show Car Design of the Year award for 2013 in the production category; an iF Product Design Gold Award for "the incorporation of sustainability in all facets of the interieur and exterieur design";[238] the 2014 World Green Car of the Year; the 2014 World Car Design of the Year,[239] UK Car of the Year 2014, UK Best Super-mini of 2014 and Green Car Journals 2015 Green Car of the Year Award.[240]

In Australia, the BMW i3 received the 2014 Wheels Car of the Year by Wheels Magazine.[241] In South Africa the i3 received "Design of the Year"[242] and "Game Changer of the Year"[243] in 2016 by the automotive website cars.co.za.

At the 2017 New York International Auto Show the 94 Ah i3 was named the inaugural winner of the "World Urban Car of the Year".[244]

See also

External links

Video

Notes and References

  1. Web site: BMW i3 Technical Data: BMW eDrive . BMW i . BMW . 4 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151007000742/http://www.bmw.ie/ie/en/newvehicles/i/i3/2013/showroom/technical_data.html . 7 October 2015.
  2. Web site: BMW i3 Technical Data. 19 March 2014.
  3. Web site: BMW i3 2019 120Ah . BMW i3 owner. 29 November 2018 .
  4. Web site: The all-electric BMW i3 120Ah. BMW Press Club UK. 28 September 2018. 24 May 2023.
  5. Web site: U.S. Spec BMW i3 REX: Smaller Gas Tank, No Range Hold, Limited Speed?. Nikki Gordon-Bloomfield. Transport Evolved. 23 April 2014. 2 May 2014. 3 May 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140503054256/http://transportevolved.com/2014/04/23/u-s-spec-bmw-i3-rex-smaller-gas-tank-range-hold-limited-speed/. dead.
  6. Web site: BMW i3 Range Extender To Offer Up to 87 More Miles, Decreases Performance. Jay Cole. . 29 July 2013. 29 July 2013.
  7. YouTube. Richard Kim – Exterior Designer BMW i3 i8. 10 March 2013.
  8. News: At BMW's New Electric Subbrand, a Young Designer Makes His Mark. Phil Patton. The New York Times. 10 November 2011. 9 February 2014.
  9. News: Will Plug-In BMWs Turn Enthusiasts On?. Jack Ewing. The New York Times. 29 July 2010. 2 October 2010.
  10. News: New York Auto Show: BMWi3 Is The 2014 World Green Car Of The Year. Henry. Jim. Forbes. 4 October 2017. en.
  11. Web site: La BMW I3 Tire Sa Révérence Après 8 Ans de Carrière . autoplus. 5 July 2022 .
  12. Web site: BMW introduces new i sub-brand, first two vehicles i3 and i8; premium mobility services and new venture capital company. Green Car Congress . 21 February 2011. 21 February 2011.
  13. Web site: BMW's " Champion" Performance Concept is a Plug-in Diesel Hybrid; 50 km/31-mile All-Electric Range; Thermo-electric Generator for Waste Heat Recovery. Green Car Congress . 30 August 2009. 21 February 2011.
  14. News: BMW i3 Concept – 2011 Frankfurt Auto Show . . Shaun Bailey . 13 September 2011 . 2 October 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111007065505/http://www.roadandtrack.com/auto-shows/frankfurt/bmw-i3-concept . 7 October 2011 .
  15. Web site: First Major Outing For BMW Megacity Vehicle At 2012 London Olympic Games. Viknesh Vijayenthiran. Motor Authority. 20 July 2010. 23 July 2010. https://archive.today/20130129090126/http://www.motorauthority.com/blog/1047387_first-major-outing-for-bmw-megacity-vehicle-at-2012-london-olympic-games. 29 January 2013.
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  17. News: BMW builds buzz for electric i3 coupe concept. Chris Woodyard . USA Today. 28 November 2012. 28 November 2012.
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  19. News: 2014 BMW i3 . Gall, Jared . October 22, 2013 . Car and Driver . 31 January 2022.
  20. Web site: The New BMW i3: Electric and Electrifying . 2013 . BMW Group . 5 February 2022.
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  22. News: Wacky World: BMW Outlines i3's Bizarrely Named Trim Levels . Stoklosa, Alexander . October 11, 2013 . Car and Driver . 4 February 2022.
  23. Web site: Guide: BMW i3 Wheels and Tires – All you need to know . Moloughney, Tom . February 18, 2014 . BMWblog . 4 February 2022.
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  56. News: Tire Tech: How does the BMW i3 handle so well on such narrow tires? . Goodwin, Antuan . April 20, 2015 . Road/Show . CNet . 31 January 2022.
  57. Web site: Next Generation Tire Technology for Fuel Efficiency 'ologic' . Bridgestone . 31 January 2022.
  58. Web site: Bridgestone ologic tyre fitted in the BMW i3 . Nicolas, Romain . Car Engineer . 8 January 2014 . 31 January 2022.
  59. Web site: Michelin e Primacy BMW i3 Review . Carwitter . 3 July 2023 . 16 October 2023.
  60. Web site: 2016-05-30 . BMW Auto Catalog Archive - Brochure pdf download . 2023-12-04 . en-US.
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  66. Web site: 2014 BMW i3 REx Window Sticker Revealed, 39 MPG On Gasoline: BREAKING. Antony Ingram. Green Car Reports. 21 May 2014. 25 May 2014. See details in EPA window sticker
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  69. Web site: 2017 BMW i3, 2016 BMW i3 REX Compare Side-by-Side . Fuel Economy . 16 September 2019.
  70. Web site: 2018 BMW i3 Compare Side-by-Side . Fuel Economy . 16 September 2019.
  71. Web site: 2019 BMW i3 Compare Side-by-Side . Fuel Economy . 16 September 2019.
  72. Web site: Download Fuel Economy Data. December 10, 2019. Fuel Economy. December 14, 2019.
  73. Web site: Most Efficient EPA Certified Vehicles. Fuel Economy . 25 July 2014. 13 June 2015. Current Model Year excludes all-electric vehicles.
  74. Web site: Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, 2017 Model Year) . fueleconomy.gov. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy. 16 November 2016 . 21 November 2016. The 2014–16 BMW i3 BEV (60 Amp-hour battery) was the most efficient EPA-certified vehicles considering all fuels and of all years until November 2016, when it was surpassed by the 2017 Hyundai Ioniq Electric.
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  78. Web site: Mehr Reichweite für den BMW i3 . de . More range for the BMW i3 . Staff . kfz-betrieb . 2 May 2016 . 4 May 2016.
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  95. Web site: 2-cylinder inline engines 650cc/800cc . BMW Powertrain . 5 March 2018.
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  128. Web site: BMW i3 Production Comes To An End: 250,000 Were Made . Mark . Kane . InsideEVs. 2022-07-10 . 2023-08-09.
  129. Web site: BMW i3 starts production in Germany using local wind power, US carbon fiber. Sebastian Blanco. Autoblog Green. 18 September 2013. 19 September 2013.
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  132. Web site: BMW Announces Delivery of First US i3. Eric Loveday. InsideEVs. 2 May 2014. 2 May 2014.
  133. Web site: US MSRP for BMW i3 EV will be $41,350, before incentives. Green Car Congress . 22 July 2013. 29 July 2013.
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  138. Web site: BMW Increasing i3 and i8 Availability in US . Jeff Cobb. HybridCars.com. 3 October 2014. 3 October 2014.
  139. Web site: How Nissan and Renault are Dominating the Electric Car Game. Jeff Cobb. HybridCars.com. 11 June 2015. 11 June 2015.
  140. News: Renault Zoe and BMW i3 Join The 50,000 Sales Club . Jeff . Cobb. HybridCars.com. 1 August 2016. 1 August 2016.
  141. News: BMW signals end of road for its i3 electric car . Peter . Campbell . . 2019-09-15 . 2020-06-21.
  142. News: Tesla Model S Is World's Best-Selling Plug-in Car For Second Year in a Row . Jeff . Cobb . HybridCars.com . 26 January 2017 . 26 January 2017. See also detailed 2016 sales and cumulative global sales in the two graphs.
  143. Statement and presentation by Dr. Norbert Reithofer, Chairman of the Board of Management of BMW AG, Annual Accounts Press Conference in Munich on 18 March 2015. BMW Group . Munich . 18 March 2015. 21 March 2015.
  144. News: Tesla Model S Was World's Best-Selling Plug-in Car in 2015 . Jeff . Cobb . HybridCars.com . 12 January 2016. 23 January 2016. The Tesla Model S was the top selling plug-in electric car in 2015 (50,366), followed by the Nissan Leaf (about 43,000), the Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV (about 39,000), the BYD Qin (31,898) and the BMW i3 (24,057).
  145. Web site: 2014's Top-10 Global Best-Selling Plug-in Cars. Jeff Cobb. HybridCars.com. 10 February 2015. 21 March 2015. A total of 16,052 i3s were sold in 2014, with global cumulative sales since their introduction totaling 17,529 units through the end of 2014.
  146. Web site: BMW i3 Production Reportedly Coming To An End In July . Andrei . Nedela . InsideEVs. 2022-01-28 . 2022-01-28 . The i3 has sold over 220,000 examples around the world by now.
  147. Web site: Cumulative EV registrations by Make and Model . Elbil Statistikk . 2022-01-28 . 2022-01-28. , cumulative BMW i3 registrations totaled 30,175 cars, of which, 1,570 were used imports.
  148. Web site: BMW sales boss bullish on 'born electric' range. Luca Ciferri. Automotive News Europe. 6 June 2014. 11 June 2014.
  149. News: BMW med elbil-sjokk i november . no . BMW with electric vehicle shock in November . Ola . Hegvold . . 2 December 2016. 3 December 2016.
  150. News: BMW Has Fallen Behind in the Electric Vehicle Race. Can It Catch Up? . Jack . Ewing . . 2021-08-10 . 2021-08-10 . BMW continues to produce the i3 and has sold about 210,000 since 2013 but ended sales in the United States in July..
  151. Web site: Neuzulassungen von Personenkraftwagen im Dezember 2013 nach Segmenten und Modellreihen . de . New registrations of passenger cars in December 2013 by segment and model series . Kraftfahrt-Bundesamtes (KBA) . KBA . January 2014 . 10 May 2014. A total of 559 units were registered in Germany in 2013.
  152. Web site: Neuzulassungen von Personenkraftwagen nach Segmenten und Modellreihen im Dezember 2014 . de . New registrations of passenger cars in December 2014 by segment and model . Kraftfahrt-Bundesamtes (KBA) . KBA . January 2015 . 27 January 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150205045459/http://www.kba.de/DE/Presse/Presseportal/N_Segmente_Modellreihen_FZ11/N_Segmente2014/n_seg_12_14_pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2 . 5 February 2015 . A total of 1,871 units were registered in Germany in 2014.
  153. Web site: Neuzulassungen von Personenkraftwagen nach Segmenten und Modellreihen im Dezember 2015 . de . New registrations of passenger cars by segments and models in December 2015 . Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt (KBA) . KBA . January 2016 . 17 January 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160125230420/http://www.kba.de/DE/Presse/Presseportal/N_Segmente_Modellreihen_FZ11/N_Segmente2015/n_seg_12_15_pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3 . 25 January 2016 . A total of 2,271 i3s were registered in Germany in 2015.
  154. Web site: Germany December 2016 (Updated) . Jose . Pontes . EVSales.com . 16 January 2017. 14 January 2018.
  155. Web site: Neuzulassungen von Personenkraftwagen nach Marken und Modellreihen im Dezember 2017 (FZ 10) (XLS, 153 KB, Datei ist nicht barrierefrei). de. New registrations of passenger cars by segments and models in December 2017. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt (KBA). KBA. January 2018. 4 February 2018. 30 January 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180130071403/https://www.kba.de/DE/Statistik/Fahrzeuge/Neuzulassungen/MonatlicheNeuzulassungen/2017/2017_node.html. Click on the link Neuzulassungen von Personenkraftwagen nach Marken und Modellreihen im Dezember 2017 (FZ 10) (XLS, 153 KB, Datei ist nicht barrierefrei) to download the file with registrations figures.
  156. Web site: Neuzulassungen von Personenkraftwagen nach Segmenten und Modellreihen im Dezember 2018 (FZ 11) (xlsx, 75 KB, Datei ist nicht barrierefrei). de. New registrations of passenger cars by segments and models in December 2018. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt (KBA). KBA. January 2019. 14 January 2019. 4 June 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200604165522/https://www.kba.de/DE/Statistik/Fahrzeuge/Neuzulassungen/MonatlicheNeuzulassungen/2018/201812_GV1monatlich/201812_node.html. dead. Click on the link Neuzulassungen von Personenkraftwagen nach Marken und Modellreihen im Dezember 2018 (FZ 11) (xlsx, 75 KB, Datei ist nicht barrierefrei) to download the file with registrations figures by model.
  157. Web site: Neuzulassungen von Personenkraftwagen nach Segmenten und Modellreihen im Dezember 2019 (FZ 11) (xlsx, 123 KB, Datei ist nicht barrierefrei) . de . New registrations of passenger cars in December 2019 by segment and model series . Kraftfahrt-Bundesamtes (KBA) . KBA . January 2020 . 13 June 2020. A total of 9,832 units were registered in Germany in 2019.
  158. Web site: Monatliche Neuzulassungen Dezember 2020 . German . Monthly new registrations December 2020 . Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt (KBA). KBA . 8 January 2021 . 21 March 2022. Select "2020" and Dezember" and download the file "Neuzulassungen von Personenkraftwagen nach Segmenten und Modellreihen im Dezember 2020 (FZ 11): XLSX, 1,005 KB, Datei ist nicht barrierefrei)" to download the file with registrations figures by model in 2020.
  159. Web site: Monatliche Neuzulassungen Dezember 2021 . German . Monthly new registrations December 2021 . Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt (KBA). KBA . January 2022 . 21 March 2022. Select "2021" and Dezember" and download the file "Neuzulassungen von Personenkraftwagen nach Marken und Modellreihen im Dezember 2020 (FZ 10): XLSX, 1MB, Datei ist nicht barrierefrei)" to download the file with registrations figures by model in 2021.
  160. News: December 2015 Dashboard. Jeff Cobb. HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. 6 January 2016. 27 February 2016.
  161. Web site: December 2014 Plug-In Electric Vehicle Sales Report Card . Jay Cole . InsideEVs . 5 January 2015 . 10 January 2015.
  162. News: December 2017 Dashboard . Jeff . Cobb . HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates . 4 January 2018 . 23 January 2018. American sales of both variants of the i3 totaled 7,625 units in 2016 and 6,276 in 2017.
  163. Web site: December 2018 U.S. EV Sales Recap: Over 360K Secured! . Steven Loveday . Inside EVs . 7 January 2019 . 14 January 2019. Sales of both variants of the i3 totaled 6,117 units in 2018.
  164. Web site: US: BMW i3 Sales Down 70% In 2020 . Mark . Kane . InsideEVs . 20 January 2021 . 20 March 2022. U.S. sales totaled 1,508 i3 units in 2020, down from 4,980 in 2019.
  165. Web site: US: BMW i Sales Almost Stalled In Q4 Ahead Of i4 And iX Launch . Mark . Kane . InsideEVs . 7 January 2022 . 20 March 2022 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220321051610/https://insideevs.com/news/559135/us-bmw-sales-q4-2021/ . Mar 21, 2022 . "i3: 199 (down 69% year-over-year) and 1,476 YTD (down 2%)" "Cumulatively, BMW sold in the U.S. 45,098 i3 and 7,034 i8." .
  166. Web site: 7.882 nye elbiler registrert i 2013 . no . 7882 new electric cars registered in 2013 . Ståle Frydenlund . Norsk Elbilforening (Norwegian Electric Vehicle Association) . 2 January 2014 . 2 January 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140102192437/http://www.elbil.no/elbiler/1186-7882-nye-elbiler-registrert-i-2013 . 2 January 2014 .
  167. Web site: CO2-utslippet i desember 2014 . no . emissions in December 2014 . Norwegian Road Federation (OFV) . OFV . January 2015 . 14 February 2015 . 23 January 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150123231448/http://www.ofvas.no/co2-utslippet-i-desember/category649.html . See graph: Gjennomsnittlig -utslipp for registrerte ney personbiler per modell 2014, til og med desember. A total of 2,040 BMW i3s were registered in Norway in 2014.
  168. Web site: Bilsalget i 2015 . no . Car sales in 2015 . Norwegian Road Federation (OFV) . OFV . January 2016 . 23 October 2016 . 2 October 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161002134605/http://www.ofvas.no/bilsalget-i-2015/category679.html . A total of 2,403 new i3s, including the REx variant, were registered in Norway in 2015.
  169. Web site: Bilsalget i 2017 . no . Car sales in 2017 . Opplysningsrådet for Veitrafikken AS (OFV) . OFV . 4 February 2018 . 10 January 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180110215147/http://www.ofvas.no/bilsalget-i-2017/category751.html . Registrations of new i3 cars in Norway, including the REx variant, totaled 3,953 units in 2016 and 5,036 in 2017.
  170. Web site: Bilsalget i 2018 . no . Car sales in 2018 . Norwegian Road Federation (OFV) . OFV . 2 January 2019 . 14 January 2019 . 7 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190207044529/http://www.ofvas.no/bilsalget-i-2018/bilsalget-i-2018-article866-788.html . Registrations of new i3 cars in Norway, including the REx variant, totaled 5,687 units in 2018
  171. Web site: OFV Registreringsstatistikk . no. OFV Registration Statistics . Norwegian Road Federation (OFV) . OFV . January 2020 . 13 June 2020. To access the sales ranking by model choose "Modell" and the tabs "2019" and "Desember" – Registrations of new i3 cars in Norway, including the REx variant, totaled 4,851 units in 2019
  172. BMW celebrates 10,000 BMW i3 sales in the UK . BMW Group . London . 2018-03-27 . 2020-06-13. Table shows BMW i3 annual retail sales from 2014 to 2017
  173. BMW Group UK reports 2019 sales . BMW Group . London . 2020-01-06 . 2020-06-13 . BMW i3 sales totaled over 4,300 units in 2019, up 27% from 2018 (~3,386 in 2018).
  174. Pioneering BMW i3 and BMW i3s pricing realigned in the UK . BMW Press Club United Kingdom . 30 March 2021 . 22 March 2022 . The BMW i3 has been a runaway success since its UK market launch in 2013. With sales growing exponentially, over 22,000 examples are now on British roads..
  175. Web site: Chiffres de vente & immatriculations de voitures électriques en France. Sales figures & electric car registrations in France. Automobile Propre. Automobile Propre. 1 February 2015. fr. See "Ventes de voitures électriques" for 2013 registrations. REx variant registrations are not included.
  176. Web site: Le marché du véhicule électrique maintient sa progression en 2014 . fr . The electric vehicle market continues to grow in 2014 . AVERE France . AVERE-France . 5 January 2015 . 28 February 2016 . 17 January 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190117045407/http://www.avere-france.org/Site/Article/?article_id=5954 . dead . See graph with top 5 models in 2014: A total of 607 i3s were registered in France during 2014 including REx models.
  177. Web site: Immatriculations des voitures électriques: + 62,1% en 2015. fr . Registrations of electric cars: + 62.1% in 2015 . Philippe . Schwoerer. Association pour l'Avenir du Véhicule Electrique Méditerranéen (AVEM). 7 January 2016. 28 February 2016. A total of 822 i3s were registered in France in 2015 including REx models.
  178. Web site: Plus de 27 000 véhicules électriques immatriculés en 2016, après un mois de décembre record . fr . More than 27,000 electric vehicles registered in 2016, after a record December . France Mobilité Électrique – AVERE France . AVERE . 9 January 2017 . 6 February 2018.
  179. Web site: Près de 31 000 véhicules électriques immatriculés en France en 2017 ! . fr . Nearly 31,000 electric vehicles registered in France in 2017! . France Mobilité Électrique – AVERE France . AVERE . 9 January 2018 . 6 February 2018 . 18 January 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180118122648/http://www.avere-france.org/Site/Article/?article_id=7188&from_espace_adherent=0 .
  180. Web site: Baromètre annuel: près de 40 000 véhicules électriques immatriculés en France en 2018 ! . fr . Annual barometer: nearly 40,000 electric vehicles registered in France in 2018! . France Mobilité Électrique – AVERE France . AVERE . 9 January 2019 . 28 January 2019 . 17 January 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190117045430/http://www.avere-france.org/Site/Article/?article_id=7532&from_espace_adherent=0 .
  181. Nouveaux records de vente des modèles électrifiés du BMW Group en 2019. BMW Group France confirme sa position de leader du segment automobile Premium . fr . New sales records for electrified BMW Group models in 2019. BMW Group France confirms its position as leader in the Premium automotive segment . BMW Group . Paris . 2020-01-09 . 2020-06-13. The BMW i3 confirms its success story, with 22.4% growth to 2,956 units delivered..
  182. Web site: Chiffres de vente & immatriculations de voitures électriques en France . Sales figures & electric car registrations in France . Automobile Propre . Automobile Propre. 22 March 2022. French. See "Ventes de voitures électriques en 2020" (1,727) and "Ventes de voitures électriques en 2021" (1,678).
  183. Web site: Verkoopstatistieken – Meer marktinformatie . nl . Sales Statistics – More Market Information . RAI . RAI Vereniging . 24 January 2014 . 8 June 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140625223703/http://raivereniging.nl/artikel/marktinformatie/actuele-verkoopcijfers/verkoopstatistieken.html . 25 June 2014 . Download pdf file for detailed sales in 2013 ("Download nieuwverkoop personenautos 201312").
  184. Web site: Verkoopstatistieken . nl . Sales Statistics . RAI . RAI Vereniging . 27 January 2015 . 31 January 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140625223703/http://raivereniging.nl/artikel/marktinformatie/actuele-verkoopcijfers/verkoopstatistieken.html . 25 June 2014 . Download the pdf file for detailed sales by model during 2014: "nieuwverkoop personenautos 201412 ".
  185. Web site: Nieuwverkoop Personenautos Per Merk/Model. nl. New passenger cars sales by brand/model 2015/12 2015 toal. RAI. RAI Vereniging. January 2016. 28 February 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160306025108/https://www.raivereniging.nl/ecm/?id=workspace%3A%2F%2FSpacesStore%2Fc2bc95ca-5410-45c3-a082-0af4f85d0d03%3B1.0. 6 March 2016. A total of 574 i3s were sold in the Netherlands in 2015".
  186. Web site: Maandelijkse verkoopcijfers . nl. Monthly sales figures . RAI . RAI Vereniging. 22 January 2018 . 6 February 2018. Download the XLS file "Personenauto's maandrapportage nieuwverkopen 2017" – A total of 881 i3 cars were sold in the Netherlands in 2017."
  187. Web site: Maandelijkse verkoopcijfers . nl. Monthly sales figures . RAI . RAI Vereniging. 7 January 2019 . 14 January 2019. Download the XLS file "Personenauto's maandrapportage nieuwverkopen 2018" – A total of 1,613 i3 cars were sold in the Netherlands in 2018."
  188. Web site: Verkoopcijfers 2019 . nl. Sales figures 2019 . RAI . RAI Vereniging. 3 February 2020 . 13 June 2020. Download the XLS file "Personenauto's maandelijkse nieuwverkopen 2019" – A total of 2,860 i3 cars were sold in the Netherlands in 2019."
  189. Web site: Verkoopcijfers 2020 . nl. Sales figures 2020 . RAI . RAI Vereniging . 24 March 2022. Download the XLS file "personenautos-nieuwverkopen-maandrapportage-2020" – A total of 1,220 i3 cars were sold in the Netherlands in 2020."
  190. Web site: Autoverkäufe nach Modellen – Modellstatistik . de . Passenger cars by model – Statistics by model . Vereinigung Schweizer Automobil-Importeure . Auto Schweiz Suisse . 23 January 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160124104553/https://www.auto-schweiz.ch/statistiken/autoverkaeufe-nach-modellen/ . 24 January 2016 . Under "Modellstatistiken 2010–2015" click "2015 Statistik" to download the file "ModellePW2015" with sales by model for 2015; "2014 Statistik" to download the file "ModellePW2014" with sales by model for 2014; and "2013 Statistik" to download the file "ModellePW2013" with sales by model for 2013.
  191. Web site: Autoverkäufe nach Modellen – Modellstatistik . de . Passenger cars by model – Statistics by model . Vereinigung Schweizer Automobil-Importeure . Auto Schweiz Suisse . 13 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140202205708/http://www.auto-schweiz.ch/statistiken/autoverkaeufe-nach-modellen/ . 2 February 2014 . Under "Modellstatistiken 2013–2018" download the xls file "ModellePW2018" for 2018, "Modellstatistik Januar – Dezember 2017" for 2017 sales, "ModellePW2016" for 2016 sales, "ModellePW2015" with sales by model for 2015, "2014 Statistik" to download the file "ModellePW2014" with sales by model for 2014, and "2013 Statistik" to download the file "ModellePW2013" with sales by model for 2013.
  192. Web site: Zulassungen neuer Personenwagen nach Modellen . de . New car registrations by model . Auto Schweiz Suisse . Auto Schweiz Suisse . 10 January 2020 . 13 June 2020 . 11 January 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200111123819/https://www.auto.swiss/statistiken/pw-zulassungen-nach-modellen . Under "Modellstatistik 2019" download the xls file "ModellePW2019" for 2019 sales
  193. Web site: Statistiken: Zulassungen neuer Personenwagen nach Modellen . de . Statistics: New car registrations by model . Auto Schweiz Suisse . Auto Schweiz Suisse . 5 January 2021 . 24 March 2022. Click the link 2020" to download the xls file "ModellePW2020" for full 2020 sales by model
  194. Web site: Statistiken: Zulassungen neuer Personenwagen nach Modellen . de . Statistics: New car registrations by model . Auto Schweiz Suisse . Auto Schweiz Suisse . 2 January 2022 . 24 March 2022. Click the link 2021" to download the xls file "ModellePW2021" for full 2021 sales by model
  195. Web site: Nyregistreringar december 2014 (prel) . sv . New registrations in December 2014 (preliminar) . Bil Sweden . Bil Sweden . 2 January 2015 . 4 January 2015 . 4 January 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150104034320/http://www.bilsweden.se/statistik/arkiv-nyregistrering_per_manad_2014/nyregistreringar-december-2014-(prel) . Download file "Nyregistreringar december 2014 (prel)" see tables: "Nyregistrerade supermiljöbilar december 2014" with summary of plug-in passenger car registrations by model for 2013 (revised) and 2014.
  196. Web site: Nyregistreringar december 2015 def . sv . New Registrations December 2015 (final) . Bil Sweden . Bil Sweden . 4 January 2016 . 29 February 2016 . 15 April 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160415205046/http://www.bilsweden.se/statistik/arkiv-nyregistrering-per-manad-2015/nyregistreringar-december-2015-def . Download the pdf file "Nyregistreringar december 2015 def" See table: Nyregistrerade miljöpersonbilar december 2015
  197. Web site: Definitiva nyregistreringar under 2017 . sv. Definitive new registrations in 2017 . Bil Sweden . Bil Sweden . 8 January 2018 . 31 January 2018. Download the pdf file "PressRel1712_DEF.pdf" See table "Nyregistrerade supermiljöbilar december 2017" – A total of 500 units of both variants were sold in 2016 and 545 in 2017.
  198. Web site: Nyregistreringar december 2018 (def) . sv. Definitive new registrations December 2018 (final) . Bil Sweden . Bil Sweden . 7 January 2019 . 2 February 2019. Download the pdf file "PressRel1812_DEF.pdf" See table: "Nyregistrerade laddbara personbilar december 2018"
  199. Web site: Nyregistreringar december 2019 (def) . sv . New registrations December 2019 (definitive) . Bil Sweden . Bil Sweden . 7 January 2020 . 13 June 2020 . 20 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200920134551/http://www.bilsweden.se/statistik/arkiv-nyregisteringar-per-manad/arkiv-nyregistrering-per-manad-2019/nyregistreringar-december-2019-(def) . Download the pdf file "PressRel1912_DEF.pdf" See table: "Nyregistrerade laddbara personbilar december 2019"
  200. Web site: Definitiva nyregistreringar under 2021 – december 2021 . sv. Definitive new registrations in 2021 – December 2021 . Bil Sweden . Bil Sweden . 7 January 2022 . 22 March 2022. Download the XLSX file "Laddbara personbilar december 2021_DEF.xlsx" A total of 769 i3 cars were registered in 2020 and 923 in 2021.
  201. Web site: Bundesländer-Statistik – Dezember 2015 . de . Federal Statistics – December 2015 . Myampera.wordpress.com . January 2016 . 29 February 2016. Click on the tables by model by year.
  202. Web site: Austria December 2016 . Jose Pontes . EV Sales . 24 January 2017 . 13 February 2018.
  203. Web site: Austria December 2017 . Jose Pontes . EV Sales . 17 January 2018 . 13 February 2018.
  204. Web site: Datos de Mercado: Diciembre 2013 – Matriculaciones de automóviles . es . Market data: December 2013 – Automobiles registrations . Asociación Nacional de Importadores de Automóviles, Camiones, Autobuses y Motocicletas (ANIACAM) . 3 January 2014 . 3 January 2014 . 22 February 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140222204727/http://aniacam.com/datos/2013/12dic2013.php . Download the file DossierAutomóviles_diciembre13.xls (929KB)* with current month and cumulative sales for 2013.
  205. Web site: Datos de Mercado: Diciembre 2014 – Matriculaciones . es . Market data: December 2014 – Registrations . Asociación Nacional de Importadores de Automóviles, Camiones, Autobuses y Motocicletas (ANIACAM) . January 2015 . 4 January 2015 . 3 September 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150903062132/http://www.aniacam.com/datos/2014/12dic2014.php . Download the file "DossierAutomóviles_diciembre14.xls (929KB)*" with current month and cumulative sales for full year 2014.
  206. Web site: Datos de Mercado: Diciembre 2015 – Matriculaciones. es. Market data: December 2015 – Registrations. Asociación Nacional de Importadores de Automóviles, Camiones, Autobuses y Motocicletas (ANIACAM) . January 2016. 29 February 2016. 16 June 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160616091720/http://www.aniacam.com/datos/2015/12dic2015.php. Download the file "DossierAutomóviles_diciembre15.xls (929KB)*" with current month and cumulative sales for year 2015.
  207. Web site: Datos de Mercado: Diciembre 2016 – Matriculaciones. es. Market data: December 2016 – Registrations . Asociación Nacional de Importadores de Automóviles, Camiones, Autobuses y Motocicletas (ANIACAM) . January 2017. 13 February 2018. Download the file "DossierAutomóviles_diciembre16.xls (929KB)*" with current month and cumulative sales for year 2016.
  208. Web site: Datos de Mercado: Diciembre 2017 – Matriculaciones. es. Market data: December 2017 – Registrations . Asociación Nacional de Importadores de Automóviles, Camiones, Autobuses y Motocicletas (ANIACAM) . January 2018 . 13 February 2018. Download the file "DossierAutomóviles_diciembre17.xls (929KB)*" with current month and cumulative sales for year 2017.
  209. Web site: Datos de Mercado: Diciembre 2018 – Matriculaciones. es. Market data: December 2018 – Registrations . Asociación Nacional de Importadores de Automóviles, Camiones, Autobuses y Motocicletas (ANIACAM) . January 2019 . 16 June 2020. Download the file "DossierAutomóviles_diciembre18.xls (929KB)*" with current month and cumulative sales for year 2019.
  210. Web site: Datos de Mercado: Diciembre 2019 – Matriculaciones. es. Market data: December 2019 – Registrations . Asociación Nacional de Importadores de Automóviles, Camiones, Autobuses y Motocicletas (ANIACAM) . January 2020 . 16 June 2020. Download the file "DossierAutomóviles_diciembre19.xls (26KB)*" with current month and cumulative sales for year 2019.
  211. Web site: Belgium December 2013 . Jose Pontes. EV Sales . 18 January 2014 . 25 January 2014.
  212. Web site: Belgium December 2014 . Jose . Pontes . EV Sales . 24 January 2015 . 1 February 2015.
  213. Web site: Belgium December 2015. Jose . Pontes. EV Sales. 26 January 2016. 28 February 2016.
  214. Web site: Belgium December 2016 . Jose Pontes . EV Sales . 24 January 2017 . 13 February 2018.
  215. Web site: Belgium December 2017 . Jose Pontes . EV Sales . 4 January 2018 . 13 February 2018.
  216. Web site: Belgium December 2018 . Jose Pontes . EV Sales . 4 January 2019 . 2 February 2019.
  217. Web site: Belgium December 2019 . Jose Pontes . EV Sales . 6 January 2020 . 16 June 2020.
  218. Web site: I dati di vendita di auto elettriche e ibride a dicembre 2013 in Italia. it. Sales figures of electric and hybrid cars in Italy through December 2013 . Luca Moroni. Green Start. 3 January 2014. 3 January 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20140107221857/http://www.greenstart.it/approfondimento/i-dati-di-vendita-di-auto-elettriche-e-ibride-dicembre-2013-italia-1032. 7 January 2014.
  219. Web site: Italy December 2014 . Jose . Pontes . EVSales.com . 12 January 2015 . 1 February 2015.
  220. Web site: Dicembre 2015, i dati di vendita di auto elettriche e ibride in Italia . it. December 2015, sales figures of electric and hybrid cars in Italy. Luca Moroni. Green Start. 6 January 2016. 29 February 2016.
  221. Web site: Italy December 2016 . Jose . Pontes . EV Sales . 7 January 2017 . 13 February 2018.
  222. Web site: Italy December 2017 . Jose . Pontes . EV Sales . 27 January 2017 . 13 February 2018.
  223. Web site: Dicembre 2019, i dati di vendita di auto elettriche e ibride in Italia . it. December 2019, sales figures of electric and hybrid cars in Italy . Luca Moroni. Green Start . 9 January 2020 . 16 June 2020.
  224. Web site: Le auto elettriche più vendute in Italia nel 2021: la top 50 . Italian . The best selling electric cars in Italy in 2021: The top 50 . Filippo . Einaudi . Inside EVs Italy . 4 January 2022. 22 March 2022. 549 BMW i3 cars were sold in Italy in 2021.
  225. Web site: World Full Year 2013: Discover the Top 1000 best-selling models! . Mat Gasnier . Best Selling Cars Blog . 19 July 2014 . 27 July 2014. A total of 1,477 i3s were registered in 2013. Includes press fleet vehicles and dealer demonstrators.
  226. Nissan LEAF is the best-selling electric car in Europe for fourth year in a row . Nissan Europe . Rolle, Switzerland . 19 January 2015 . 28 March 2016. A total of 5,804 all-electric BMW i3s were sold in Europe in 2014. The i3 BEV ranked as the fourth top selling all-electric car in Europe in 2014.
  227. Web site: Hybrid sales expected to triple in Europe as tougher rules loom . Nick . Gibbs . Automotive News Europe. 15 March 2016 . 28 March 2016. Sales in Europe as reported by JATO Dynamics: A total of 3,940 BMW i3 REx variants were sold in Europe in 2014, ranking as the third best selling plug-in hybrid in the continent. During 2015 sales totaled 5,481 all-electric BMW i3s and 6,566 i3 REx models (total 12,047).
  228. Web site: Europe December 2016 (Updated) . Jose . Pontes . EVSales.com . 30 January 2017 . 4 February 2018. A total of 15,060 units of both variants of the BMW i3 were sold in Europe in 2016.
  229. Web site: Europe December 2017 . Jose . Pontes . EVSales.com. 28 January 2018 . 4 February 2018. A total of 20,855 units of both variants of the BMW i3 were sold in Europe in 2017.
  230. Web site: Europe December 2018 . Jose . Pontes . EVSales.com. 28 January 2019 . 28 January 2019. "European sales in 2018 totaled 386,347 plug-in passenger cars and about 22,000 light commercial vehicles (vans). The market share of the plug-in car segment was 2.5%"
  231. Web site: European Car Sales Climbed To 15.7 Million Units Last Year, Tesla Model 3 Is The EV Champion . Michael . Gauthier . Carscoops . JATO Dynamics . 2020-02-19 . 2020-06-13. Sales of the BMW i3 in Europe totaled 32,451 units in 2019 (Europe 23).
  232. Web site: BMW i3 European Sales Figures . Bart . Demandt . Carsalesbase.com . 10 April 2014. 22 March 2022. See annual sales table: 25,029 in 2021 and 23,361 in 2020.
  233. BMW Group sells more than 2 million vehicles in 2014 . BMW Group PressClub Global . Munich . 9 January 2015 . 10 January 2015. A total of 16,052 i3s and 1,741 i8s were sold in 2014.
  234. BMW Group achieves fifth consecutive record sales year. BMW Group . . 11 January 2016. 17 January 2016. A total of 29,513 BMW i brand units were delivered to customers worldwide in 2015, up 65.9% from 2014, consisting of 24,057 BMW i3s and 5,456 BMW i8s.
  235. Record sales for BMW Group worldwide during 2017 while it boosts the Premium car market in Mexico, Latin America and the Caribbean.. BMW Group . Mexico City . 25 January 2018. 17 January 2016. A total of 31,482 BMW i3s were delivered globally in 2017.
  236. BMW Group Geschäftsbericht 2019 . de . BMW Group annual report 2019 . BMW Group . Munich . 2020-03-18 . 2020-06-13 . Plus von 14,1 % verzeichnete im Jahr 2019 auch der BMW i3, der weltweit an 39.501 Kunden ausgeliefert wurde (2018: 34.623 Automobile).. Download the PDF document "BMW Group Geschäftsbericht 2019" and see pp. 68. Note that BMW adjusted delivery figures retrospectively until 2015 as a result of a review of the sales figures in the previous periods for its most important markets (China, USA, Germany, UK, Italy and Japan).
  237. BMW Group remains world's leading premium automotive company in 2018 . . Munich . 14 January 2019 . 14 January 2019. A total of 142,617 electrified BMW and MINI vehicles were sold around the world in 2018. BMW i3 sales increased by 10.6% in 2018 with a total of 34,829 delivered worldwide.
  238. Web site: Video: BMW i3 Wins Gold iF Award For Design. Electric Cars TV. InsideEVs. 15 March 2014. 18 March 2014.
  239. News: New York Auto Show: BMWi3 Is The 2014 World Green Car Of The Year. Jim Henry. Forbes. 17 April 2014. 17 April 2014.
  240. News: BMW i3 named 2015 Green Car of the Year. Alisa Priddle. Detroit Free Press. 20 November 2014. 21 November 2014.
  241. Web site: BMW i3 – Wheels Car of the Year 2014. 21 January 2015 . 15 June 2015.
  242. News: BMW i3 – Design of the Year. 25 January 2016. Cars.co.za. 1 November 2017. en-US.
  243. News: BMW i3 – Game Changer of the Year. 22 January 2016. Cars.co.za. 1 November 2017. en-US.
  244. Web site: The BMW i3 94Ah wins 2017 World Urban Car Award.. www.press.bmwgroup.com. 1 April 2018.

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