BioMed Central explained

Parent:	Springer Nature
Status:	Active
Founder:	Current Science Group
Headquarters:	London, United Kingdom
Distribution:	Open access
Publications:	Scientific journals
Topics:	Science

BioMed Central (BMC) is a United Kingdom-based, for-profit scientific open access publisher that produces over 250 scientific journals. All its journals are published online only. BioMed Central describes itself as the first and largest open access science publisher. It was founded in 2000 and has been owned by Springer, now Springer Nature, since 2008.

History

BioMed Central was founded in 2000 as part of the Current Science Group (now Science Navigation Group, SNG), a nursery of scientific publishing companies. SNG chairman Vitek Tracz developed the concept for the company after NIH director Harold Varmus's PubMed Central concept for open-access publishing was scaled back.^[1] The first director of the company was Jan Velterop. Chemistry Central was established in 2006 and the PhysMath Central journal imprint in 2007.

In 2002, the company introduced article processing charges,^[2] and these have since been the primary source of revenue. In 2007, Yale University Libraries stopped subsidizing BioMed Central article processing charges for Yale researchers.^[3]

In October 2008, it was announced that BioMed Central (along with Chemistry Central and PhysMath Central) had been acquired by Springer Science+Business Media, the second largest STM publisher.^[4] The Chemistry Central and PhysMath Central brands have since been retired.

In November 2008, BioMed Central became an official supporting organisation of Healthcare Information For All.^[5]

Following the merger of BMC into Springer Nature, BMC journals were gradually converted to the general Springer Nature software. The software migration meant the loss of several features, often related to open science requirements, like the ability to download a machine-readable version of the paper (in XML format), direct download of PDF files and the ability to read articles without cookies.^[6]

Journals

BioMed Central's flagship journals include BMC Bioinformatics, BMC Biology, BMC Medicine, Genome Biology and Genome Medicine. It also produces the BMC Series of journals covering the fields of biology and medicine. Most of the other journals published by BioMed Central are owned and produced independently by societies and academic editorial boards, with BioMed Central providing the hosting, publishing platform and marketing.

All journals are published online; some of the flagship journals have in the past also been available as print subscriptions, such as Arthritis Research & Therapy. Publications in BioMed Central journals are, immediately upon publication, released under the Creative Commons "Attribution" license which grants permission to reuse publications and produce derivative work. The only exceptions to this (as of 2010) were the flagship journals, which reserved rights on review and commentary content; those articles were available to purchase on a subscription or on a pay-per-view basis, becoming freely available (but not fully open access) to all after six months; however, as of January 2015, "no subscription fees apply to these journals or to any articles published in them."^[7]

Open peer review

In 2001, BioMed Central was the first publisher to carry out open peer review as default, by openly posting named peer reviewer reports alongside published articles as part of a 'pre-publication history' for all medical journals in the BMC series. With currently 70 BMC journals operating fully open peer review.^[8]

BMC Series

The BMC Series is a collection of several dozen online research journals published by BioMed Central.^[9] Like all other BioMed Central journals, they have a policy of open access to the research articles they publish. Between them, they cover all major subject areas within biology and medicine. Two of the journals, BMC Biology and BMC Medicine, have a broad scope, and aim to publish particularly significant research. A third journal, BMC Research Notes, publishes scientifically valid research outputs that cannot be considered as full research or methodology articles across all scientific and clinical disciplines,^[10] while BMC Proceedings publishes conference proceedings. The other journals specialise on a particular subject area. Due to their free licensing, images from BMC journals can be reused in other places.

Most BMC Series journals have an impact factor. As of 2016, for the 53 journals with impact factors, BMC Biology had the highest at 7.98.^[11]

Databases

The company also has hosted biomedical databases, including the ISRCTN registry (previously Current Controlled Trials), a Primary Registry of clinical trials in the WHO Registry Network.^[12] The Biology Image Library and the Cases Database, a database of medical case reports,^[13] were closed in 2014.^[14] The company also provided hosting for institutional repositories of publications based on the DSpace platform under the brand Open Repository.^[15] The Open Repository activity was sold to Atmire in 2016.^[16]

See also

• Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association, of which BioMed Central is a founding member
• Trials (journal)

Further reading

• Albanese . Andrew . BioMed Central Changes Tack . . 15 March 2004 . 17–18 . July 17, 2005 . https://web.archive.org/web/20050501013758/http://libraryjournal.com/article/CA386750 . 1 May 2005 . dead . dmy-all .
• Amber . Dave . 4 September 2000 . Scientists, Publishers, Societies—and Turf . . 14 . 17 . 1.
• Butler . Declan . 25 May 2000 . BioMed Central Boosted by Editorial Board . . 405 . 6785 . 384 . 10.1038/35013218 . 10839505. free .
• Chillingworth, Mark (9 August 2004). "BioMed Central Seeks Open Access Advice." Information World Review.
• Cockerill . Matthew . 16 December 1999 . Online Research Archive Will be Free to All . . 402 . 6763 . 721–722 . 10.1038/45368. 10617188 . 1999Natur.402..721C . free .
• Delamothe . Tony 21 June 2003 . Fees Waived for University Researchers Publishing through BioMed Central . . 326 . 7403 . 1350–1351 . 10.1136/bmj.326.7403.1350-d . 1151020 . 2003 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060113103728/http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/326/7403/1350-d . 13 January 2006 . Accessed July 17, 2005.
• Galbraith, Kate (July 11, 2003). "British Researchers Get to Publish in 90 Online Medical Journals Free". The Chronicle of Higher Education 49 (44): A28.
• Gavaghan, Helen (June 30, 2003). "Open-Access Publishing Finds Official Favor" . The Scientist. Accessed July 17, 2005.
• Godlee . Fiona . Peer Review in the E-Environment . Freedom of Information Conference 2000 (London) . 2000 . 2005-07-17 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20041229160839/http://www.biomedcentral.com/meetings/2000/foi/transcripts/godlee . 2004-12-29 .
• Loxton, Liz (May 1, 2003). "NHS Information Project Launched." Information World Review.

• MacLeod, Donald (June 17, 2003). "Publish and Be Free". The Guardian. Verified availability July 17, 2005.
• Peel, John (February 2000). "BioMed Central". D-Lib Magazine 6 (2). Accessed July 17, 2005.
• (September 3, 2001). "BioMed Central Launches 12 New Author-Initiated Research E-Journals". Information Today 18 (9): 24–25. Accessed July 17, 2005.
• Shearer, Kathleen (January 2002). "BioMed Central: An Alternative to Scholarly Publishing (CARL/ABRC Backgrounder Series No. 4)". Ottawa: Canadian Association of Research Libraries. Accessed July 17, 2005.
• Suber, Peter (September 6, 2001). "BioMed Central's Method of FOS" . Free Online Scholarship Newsletter.
• Watson, Linda A., Ivan S. Login, and Jeffrey M. Burns (2003). "Exploring New Ways to Publish: A Library-Faculty Partnership". Journal of the Medical Library Association 91 (2): 245–247. Accessed July 17, 2005.
• Young, Jeffrey R (January 18, 2002). "Publisher of Free Online Science Journal Charges Authors a "Processing Fee"". The Chronicle of Higher Education 48 (19): A36.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Interview with Vitek Tracz: Essential for Science . Infotoday.com . 2012-03-15 . 2015-09-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034919/http://www.infotoday.com/it/jan05/poynder.shtml . live .
2. Web site: Quint. Barbara. BioMed Central Begins Charging Authors and Their Institutions for Article Publishing. Information Today. 2018-02-01. 7 January 2002. 2018-02-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20180203005647/http://newsbreaks.infotoday.com/nbreader.asp?ArticleID=17276. live.
3. News: Yale Libraries Pull Out of BioMed Central Over Cost of Publication. 2007-08-09. The Chronicle of Higher Education. 2019-02-27. en-US. 0009-5982.
4. Web site: Suber . Peter . Peter Suber, Open Access News . Earlham.edu . 2008-10-07 . 2012-03-15 . 2012-01-13 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120113032230/http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2008/10/springer-buys-biomed-central.html . dead .
5. Web site: HIFA Supporting Organisations . https://archive.today/20141208171319/http://www.hifa2015.org/hifa2015-forum/hifa2015-email-forum-summaries/healthcare-providers/health-care/malnutrition/what-hifa2015-members-say/hifa2015-supporting-organisations/ . dead . 2014-12-08 . HIFA2015 .
6. Willighagen, Egon. Conflict of Interest. Or why I am stepping down as Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Cheminformatics.. 2021-06-11. 10.5281/ZENODO.4926031.
7. Web site: Access to articles . BioMed Central . 2015-11-15 . 2015-11-07 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151107180906/http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/access . live .
8. Web site: Open Peer Review, BMC Group. ReimagineReview. en-US. 2020-02-10. 2020-07-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20200726235437/https://reimaginereview.asapbio.org/listing/open-peer-review-bmc-group-in-progress/. live.
9. Web site: The BMC-series journals . BioMed Central . 11 September 2012 . 10 September 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120910071022/http://www.biomedcentral.com/authors/bmcseries . live .
10. Krüger . Dirk . Marshall . Diana M . Bite-size research: BMC Research Notes goes back to its roots. . BMC Research Notes . 14 February 2017 . 10 . 1 . 95 . 10.1186/s13104-017-2418-y . 28193243. 5307640 . free .
11. Web site: 8. Do BioMed Central journals have Impact Factors and are they citation tracked?. BioMed Central. https://web.archive.org/web/20161030225608/http://old.biomedcentral.com/about/faq/impactfactor. 2016-10-30. dead. 2018-01-08.
12. Web site: Current Controlled Trials - Clinical Trial Search. ISRCTN numbering scheme. Database of Clinical Trials . Controlled-trials.com . 2012-03-15 . 2012-03-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120320215549/http://www.controlled-trials.com/ . live .
13. Web site: Home Page . Cases Database . 2014-02-15 . 2015-12-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151217082807/http://www.casesdatabase.com/ . live .
14. http://casesdatabase.com/, Notice of Closure, July, 2014, accessed 2015-04-06
15. Web site: Home . Open Repository . 2012-03-15 . 2012-03-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120302102739/http://www.openrepository.com/ . live .
16. 2016-08-01. Atmire acquires Open Repository. Library Technology Guides. 2016-10-22. 2016-10-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20161022221946/http://www.librarytechnology.org/news/pr.pl?id=21775. dead.