BAT5 explained

Protein BAT5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BAT5 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

A cluster of genes, BAT1-BAT5, has been localized in the vicinity of the genes for TNF alpha and TNF beta. These genes are all within the human major histocompatibility complex class III region. The protein encoded by this gene is thought to be involved in some aspects of immunity.

Bat5 structure

Amino acid sequence

The human BAT5 protein (also known as ABHD16A) is 558 amino acid residues long. It was first identified in 1992 in the gene domains of TNF alpha and TNF beta. The BAT5 (ABHD 16A) proteins found in different species have varying lengths.

BAT5 is highly conserved in human, mice and other mammals.^[4] It is found to be expressed in multiple different tissue cells. According to molecular evolutionary genetic analysis, in comparison of 13 mammalian species, it was denoted that the differences in amino acid sequence length are due to splicing in the post transcriptional processing of mRNA.^[5]

BAT5 gene location

Human Bat5 (ABHD16A) is located on chromosome 6. Mice Bat5 (ABHD 16A) is located between TNF and Heat shock protein near the Ck2b protein kinase gene.^[5]

BAT5 molecular weight

BAT5 in humans and mice has been found to be around 63 kDA.

Bat5 implications in recent studies

In previous studies, the connection of malformations in the BAT5 (ABHD 16A) protein had yet to be linked to noticeable human diseases. Yet recent studies show that the BAT5 (ABHD 16A) has been linked to neurological, immune regulation, Kawasaki's disease and coronary artery disease.^[5]

The BAT5 (ABHD 16A) protein has been found to encode a majority of phosphatidylserine (PS) lipase in the brain. PS lipase synthesizes lysophosphatidylserine which is an important signaling lipid that functions in the mammalian central nervous system.^[6] According to a cohort study, relating malformations of the BAT5 (ABHD 16A) protein to human disease, the affected individuals presented with intellectual disability and progressive spasticity of the upper and lower limbs.^[6]

Further reading

• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L . Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides . Nat. Biotechnol. . 21 . 5 . 566–9 . 2004 . 12665801 . 10.1038/nbt810 . 23783563 . etal.
• Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK . The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6 . Nature . 425 . 6960 . 805–11 . 2003 . 14574404 . 10.1038/nature02055 . 2003Natur.425..805M . etal. free .
• Xie T, Rowen L, Aguado B . Analysis of the Gene-Dense Major Histocompatibility Complex Class III Region and Its Comparison to Mouse . Genome Res. . 13 . 12 . 2621–36 . 2004 . 14656967 . 10.1101/gr.1736803 . 403804 . etal.
• Lehner B, Semple JI, Brown SE . Analysis of a high-throughput yeast two-hybrid system and its use to predict the function of intracellular proteins encoded within the human MHC class III region . Genomics . 83 . 1 . 153–67 . 2004 . 14667819 . 10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00235-0 . etal.
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . etal. free .
• Lehner B, Sanderson CM . A Protein Interaction Framework for Human mRNA Degradation . Genome Res. . 14 . 7 . 1315–23 . 2004 . 15231747 . 10.1101/gr.2122004 . 442147 .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . etal.
• Wan D, Gong Y, Qin W . Large-scale cDNA transfection screening for genes related to cancer development and progression . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 101 . 44 . 15724–9 . 2004 . 15498874 . 10.1073/pnas.0404089101 . 524842 . 2004PNAS..10115724W . etal. free .
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T . Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network . Nature . 437 . 7062 . 1173–8 . 2005 . 16189514 . 10.1038/nature04209 . 2005Natur.437.1173R . 4427026 . etal.

Notes and References

1. Spies T, Blanck G, Bresnahan M, Sands J, Strominger JL . A new cluster of genes within the human major histocompatibility complex . Science . 243 . 4888 . 214–7 . Feb 1989 . 2911734 . 10.1126/science.2911734 . 1989Sci...243..214S .
2. Spies T, Bresnahan M, Strominger JL . Human major histocompatibility complex contains a minimum of 19 genes between the complement cluster and HLA-B . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 86 . 22 . 8955–8 . December 1989 . 2813433 . 298409 . 10.1073/pnas.86.22.8955 . 1989PNAS...86.8955S . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: BAT5 HLA-B associated transcript 5.
4. Savinainen . Juha R. . Patel . Jayendra Z. . Parkkari . Teija . Navia-Paldanius . Dina . Marjamaa . Joona J. T. . Laitinen . Tuomo . Nevalainen . Tapio . Laitinen . Jarmo T. . 2014-10-07 . Biochemical and Pharmacological Characterization of the Human Lymphocyte Antigen B-Associated Transcript 5 (BAT5/ABHD16A) . PLOS ONE . en . 9 . 10 . e109869 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0109869 . 25290914 . 4188605 . 2014PLoSO...9j9869S . 1932-6203. free .
5. Xu . Jun . Gu . Weizhen . Ji . Kai . Xu . Zhao . Zhu . Haihua . Zheng . Wenming . Sequence analysis and structure prediction of ABHD16A and the roles of the ABHD family members in human disease . Open Biology . 2018 . 8 . 5 . 180017 . 10.1098/rsob.180017 . 5990648 . 29794032.
6. Lemire . Gabrielle . Ito . Yoko A. . Marshall . Aren E. . Chrestian . Nicolas . Stanley . Valentina . Brady . Lauren . Tarnopolsky . Mark . Curry . Cynthia J. . Cynthia J. Curry . Hartley . Taila . Mears . Wendy . Derksen . Alexa . 2021-10-07 . ABHD16A deficiency causes a complicated form of hereditary spastic paraplegia associated with intellectual disability and cerebral anomalies . The American Journal of Human Genetics . English . 108 . 10 . 2017–2023 . 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.09.005 . 0002-9297 . 8546048 . 34587489.