VTCN1 explained

V-set domain-containing T-cell activation inhibitor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VTCN1 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Function

B7H4 belongs to the B7 family (see CD80; MIM 112203) of costimulatory proteins. These proteins are expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells and interact with ligands (e.g., CD28; MIM 186760) on T lymphocytes.[supplied by OMIM]

B7-H4 is an immune checkpoint molecule.

See also

• B7 (protein)

References

Further reading

• Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . January 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–56 . October 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 .
• Watanabe N, Gavrieli M, Sedy JR, Yang J, Fallarino F, Loftin SK, Hurchla MA, Zimmerman N, Sim J, Zang X, Murphy TL, Russell JH, Allison JP, Murphy KM . BTLA is a lymphocyte inhibitory receptor with similarities to CTLA-4 and PD-1 . Nature Immunology . 4 . 7 . 670–9 . July 2003 . 12796776 . 10.1038/ni944 . 11943145 .
• Zang X, Loke P, Kim J, Murphy K, Waitz R, Allison JP . B7x: a widely expressed B7 family member that inhibits T cell activation . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 100 . 18 . 10388–92 . September 2003 . 12920180 . 193571 . 10.1073/pnas.1434299100 . 2003PNAS..10010388Z . free .
• Choi IH, Zhu G, Sica GL, Strome SE, Cheville JC, Lau JS, Zhu Y, Flies DB, Tamada K, Chen L . Genomic organization and expression analysis of B7-H4, an immune inhibitory molecule of the B7 family . Journal of Immunology . 171 . 9 . 4650–4 . November 2003 . 14568939 . 10.4049/jimmunol.171.9.4650 . free .
• Brandenberger R, Wei H, Zhang S, Lei S, Murage J, Fisk GJ, Li Y, Xu C, Fang R, Guegler K, Rao MS, Mandalam R, Lebkowski J, Stanton LW . Transcriptome characterization elucidates signaling networks that control human ES cell growth and differentiation . Nature Biotechnology . 22 . 6 . 707–16 . June 2004 . 15146197 . 10.1038/nbt971 . 27764390 .
• Salceda S, Tang T, Kmet M, Munteanu A, Ghosh M, Macina R, Liu W, Pilkington G, Papkoff J . The immunomodulatory protein B7-H4 is overexpressed in breast and ovarian cancers and promotes epithelial cell transformation . Experimental Cell Research . 306 . 1 . 128–41 . May 2005 . 15878339 . 10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.01.018 .
• Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, Ota T, Nishikawa T, Yamashita R, Yamamoto J, Sekine M, Tsuritani K, Wakaguri H, Ishii S, Sugiyama T, Saito K, Isono Y, Irie R, Kushida N, Yoneyama T, Otsuka R, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Kondo H, Wagatsuma M, Murakawa K, Ishida S, Ishibashi T, Takahashi-Fujii A, Tanase T, Nagai K, Kikuchi H, Nakai K, Isogai T, Sugano S . Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes . Genome Research . 16 . 1 . 55–65 . January 2006 . 16344560 . 1356129 . 10.1101/gr.4039406 .
• Kryczek I, Zou L, Rodriguez P, Zhu G, Wei S, Mottram P, Brumlik M, Cheng P, Curiel T, Myers L, Lackner A, Alvarez X, Ochoa A, Chen L, Zou W . B7-H4 expression identifies a novel suppressive macrophage population in human ovarian carcinoma . The Journal of Experimental Medicine . 203 . 4 . 871–81 . April 2006 . 16606666 . 2118300 . 10.1084/jem.20050930 .
• Kryczek I, Wei S, Zou L, Zhu G, Mottram P, Xu H, Chen L, Zou W . Cutting edge: induction of B7-H4 on APCs through IL-10: novel suppressive mode for regulatory T cells . Journal of Immunology . 177 . 1 . 40–4 . July 2006 . 10.4049/jimmunol.177.1.40 . 16785496 . 922578 . free .
• Krambeck AE, Thompson RH, Dong H, Lohse CM, Park ES, Kuntz SM, Leibovich BC, Blute ML, Cheville JC, Kwon ED . B7-H4 expression in renal cell carcinoma and tumor vasculature: associations with cancer progression and survival . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 103 . 27 . 10391–6 . July 2006 . 16798883 . 1502468 . 10.1073/pnas.0600937103 . 2006PNAS..10310391K . free .
• Chen Y, Yang C, Xie Z, Zou L, Ruan Z, Zhang X, Tang Y, Fei L, Jia Z, Wu Y . Expression of the novel co-stimulatory molecule B7-H4 by renal tubular epithelial cells . Kidney International . 70 . 12 . 2092–9 . December 2006 . 17051145 . 10.1038/sj.ki.5001867 . free .
• Simon I, Katsaros D, Rigault de la Longrais I, Massobrio M, Scorilas A, Kim NW, Sarno MJ, Wolfert RL, Diamandis EP . B7-H4 is over-expressed in early-stage ovarian cancer and is independent of CA125 expression . Gynecologic Oncology . 106 . 2 . 334–41 . August 2007 . 17498784 . 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.03.035 .
• Miyatake T, Tringler B, Liu W, Liu SH, Papkoff J, Enomoto T, Torkko KC, Dehn DL, Swisher A, Shroyer KR . B7-H4 (DD-O110) is overexpressed in high risk uterine endometrioid adenocarcinomas and inversely correlated with tumor T-cell infiltration . Gynecologic Oncology . 106 . 1 . 119–27 . July 2007 . 17509674 . 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.03.039 .

Notes and References

1. Sica GL, Choi IH, Zhu G, Tamada K, Wang SD, Tamura H, Chapoval AI, Flies DB, Bajorath J, Chen L . B7-H4, a molecule of the B7 family, negatively regulates T cell immunity . Immunity . 18 . 6 . 849–61 . June 2003 . 12818165 . 10.1016/S1074-7613(03)00152-3 . free .
2. Prasad DV, Richards S, Mai XM, Dong C . B7S1, a novel B7 family member that negatively regulates T cell activation . Immunity . 18 . 6 . 863–73 . June 2003 . 12818166 . 10.1016/S1074-7613(03)00147-X . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: VTCN1 V-set domain containing T cell activation inhibitor 1.