Victor Borge Explained

Victor Borge
Birth Name:Børge Rosenbaum
Birth Date:3 January 1909
Birth Place:Copenhagen, Denmark
Death Place:Greenwich, Connecticut, U.S.
Alias:
The Unmelancholy Dane[1]
The Great Dane[2]
Years Active:1917–2000
Citizenship:Danish
American (naturalized 1948)
Spouse:Elsie Chilton (m. 1933; div. 1953)
Children:5
Module:
Embed:yes
Background:non_vocal_instrumentalist
Instrument:Piano

Børge Rosenbaum (; 3 January 1909 – 23 December 2000),[3] known professionally as Victor Borge, was a Danish and American actor, comedian and pianist who achieved great popularity in radio and television in both North America and Europe. His blend of music and comedy earned him the nicknames "The Clown Prince of Denmark", "The Unmelancholy Dane",[1] and "The Great Dane".

Biography

Early life and career

Victor Borge was born Børge Rosenbaum on 3 January 1909 in Copenhagen, Denmark, into an Ashkenazi Jewish family. His parents, Bernhard and Frederikke (née Lichtinger) Rosenbaum, were both musicians: his father a violist in the Royal Danish Orchestra,[4] [5] and his mother a pianist.[6] Borge began piano lessons at the age of two, and it was soon apparent that he was a prodigy. He gave his first piano recital when he was eight years old, and in 1918 was awarded a full scholarship at the Royal Danish Academy of Music, studying under Olivo Krause. Later on, he was taught by Victor Schiøler, Liszt's student Frederic Lamond, and Busoni's pupil Egon Petri.[7]

Borge played his first major concert in 1926 at the Danish Odd Fellow Palæet (The Odd Fellow's Lodge building) concert hall. After a few years as a classical concert pianist, he started his now famous stand-up act with the signature blend of piano music and jokes. He married the American Elsie Chilton in 1933, the same year he debuted with his revue acts.[8] Borge started touring extensively in Europe, where he began telling anti-Nazi jokes.[9]

When the German armed forces occupied Denmark on 9 April 1940, during World War II, Borge was playing a concert in neutral Sweden and decided to go to Finland.[10] He traveled to America on the United States Army transport, the last neutral ship to make it out of Petsamo, Finland,[11] [12] and arrived 28 August 1940, with only $20 (about $ today), with $3 going to the customs fee. Disguised as a sailor, Borge returned to Denmark once during the occupation to visit his dying mother.[13]

Move to America

Even though Borge did not speak a word of English upon arrival, he quickly managed to adapt his jokes to the American audience, learning English by watching movies. He took the name of Victor Borge and, in 1941, he started on Rudy Vallee's radio show.[14] He was hired soon after by Bing Crosby for his Kraft Music Hall programme.[15]

Borge quickly rose to fame, winning Best New Radio Performer of the Year in 1942 and earning favorable reviews for his performances at New York City's Roxy Theater and Capitol Theatre in 1943.[16] Soon after the award, he was offered film roles with stars such as Frank Sinatra (in Higher and Higher). While hosting The Victor Borge Show on NBC beginning in 1946,[17] he developed many of his trademarks, including repeatedly announcing his intent to play a piece but getting "distracted" by something or other, making comments about the audience, or discussing the usefulness of Chopin's "Minute Waltz" as an egg timer.[18] He would also start out with some well-known classical piece like Beethoven's "Moonlight Sonata" and suddenly move into a harmonically similar pop or jazz tune, such as Cole Porter's "Night and Day" or "Happy Birthday to You".[19]

Style

One of Borge's other famous routines was "Phonetic Punctuation," in which he read a passage from a book and added exaggerated sound effects to stand for most of the main punctuation marks, such as periods, commas, and exclamation marks.[20] Another is his "Inflationary Language", in which he added one to every number or homophone of a number in the words he spoke. For example: "once upon a time" becomes "twice upon a time", "wonderful" becomes "twoderful", "forehead" becomes "fivehead", "anyone for tennis" becomes "anytwo five elevennis", "I ate a tenderloin with my fork, and so on and so forth" becomes "I nined an elevenderloin with my fivek, and so on and so fifth".

Borge used physical and visual elements in his live and televised performances. He would play a strange-sounding piano tune from sheet music, looking increasingly confused; turning the sheet upside down or sideways, he would then play the actual tune, flashing a joyful smile of accomplishment to the audience (he had, at first, been literally playing the tune upside down or sideways). When his energetic playing of another song would cause him to fall off the piano bench, he would open the seat lid, take out the two ends of an automotive seat belt, and buckle himself onto the bench, "for safety". Conducting an orchestra, he might stop and order a violinist who had played a sour note to get off the stage, then resume the performance and have the other members of the section move up to fill the empty seat while they were still playing: from off stage would come the sound of a gunshot.

His musical sidekick in the 1960s, Leonid Hambro, was also a well-known concert pianist.[21] In 1968, classical pianist Şahan Arzruni joined him as his straight man, performing together on one piano a version of Liszt's Second Hungarian Rhapsody, considered a musical-comedic classic. Borge performed a version of the routine with Rowlf the Dog on Season 4 of The Muppet Show.[22]

He also enjoyed interacting with the audience. Seeing an interested person in the front row, he would ask them, "Do you like good music?" or "Do you care for piano music?" After an affirmative answer, Borge would take a piece of sheet music from his piano and say, "Here is some", and hand it over. After the audience's laughter died down, he would say, "That'll be $1.95" (or whatever the current price might be). He would then ask whether the audience member could read music; if the member said yes, he would ask a higher price. If he got no response from the audience after a joke, he would often add "… when this ovation has died down, of course." The delayed punchline to handing the person the sheet music would come when he would reach the end of a number and begin playing the penultimate notes over and over, with a puzzled look. He would then go back to the person in the audience, retrieve the sheet music, tear off a piece of it, stick it on the piano, and play the last couple of notes from it.

Making fun of modern theater, he would sometimes begin a performance by asking if there were any children in the audience. There always were, of course. He would sternly order them out, then say, "We do have some children in here; that means I can't do the second half in the nude. I'll wear the tie (pause). The long one (pause). The very long one, yes."

In his stage shows in later years, he would include a segment with opera singer Marylyn Mulvey.[23] She would try to sing an aria, and he would react and interrupt, with such antics as falling off the bench in "surprise" when she hit a high note. He would also remind her repeatedly not to rest her hand on the piano, telling her that if she got used to it, "and one day a piano was not there – Fffftttt!" After the routine, the spotlight would rest on Mulvey, and she would sing a serious number with Borge accompanying in the background.[24]

Later career

Borge appeared on Toast of the Town hosted by Ed Sullivan several times during 1948. He became a naturalized citizen of the United States the same year. He started the Comedy in Music show at John Golden Theatre in New York City on 2 October 1953. Comedy in Music became the longest running one-man show in the history of theater with 849 performances when it closed on 21 January 1956, a feat which placed it in the Guinness Book of World Records.[25]

Continuing his success with tours and shows, Borge played with and conducted orchestras including the Chicago Symphony Orchestra,[26] the New York Philharmonic[27] and London Philharmonic.[28] He appeared with the Cleveland Opera Company in Mozart's The Magic Flute in 1979 and at London's Royal Opera House Covent Garden in Bizet's Carmen in 1986.[29] Always modest, he felt honored when he was invited to conduct the Royal Danish Orchestra at the Royal Danish Theatre in Copenhagen, Denmark, in 1992.[30]

His later television appearances included his "Phonetic Punctuation" routine on The Electric Company in a filmed sketch.[31] He would also use this sketch on The Electric Companys subsequent LP record, during its "Punctuation" song.[32] In addition, he appeared several times on Sesame Street,[33] [34] [35] [36] and he was a guest star during the fourth season of The Muppet Show.[37] [38] [39]

Victor Borge continued to tour until his last days, performing up to 60 times per year when he was 90 years old. [40]

Other endeavors

Borge made several appearances on the TV show What's My Line?, both as a celebrity panelist and as a contestant with the occupation "poultry farmer". (The latter was not a comedy routine: as a business venture, Borge raised and popularized Rock Cornish game hens, starting in the 1950s.)

Borge helped start several trust funds, including the Thanks to Scandinavia Fund,[41] which was started in dedication to those who helped the Jews escape the German persecution during the war.

Aside from his musical work, Borge wrote three books: My Favorite Intermissions[42] and My Favorite Comedies in Music[43] (both with Robert Sherman), and the autobiography Smilet er den korteste afstand ("The Smile is the Shortest Distance") with Niels-Jørgen Kaiser.[44]

In 1979 Borge founded the American Pianists Association (then called the Beethoven Foundation) with Julius Bloom and Anthony P. Habig. The American Pianists Association now produces two major piano competitions: the Classical Fellowship Awards and the Jazz Fellowship Awards.[45]

Family

He married his first wife, Elsie Chilton, in 1933. After divorcing Elsie, he married Sarabel Sanna Scraper in 1953, and they stayed married until her death at the age of 83 in September 2000.[46]

Borge had five children (who occasionally performed with him): Ronald Borge and Janet Crowle (adopted) with Elsie Chilton, and Sanna Feirstein, Victor Bernhard (Vebe) Jr., and Frederikke (Rikke) Borge with Sarabel.[47]

Death

On 23 December 2000, Borge died in Greenwich, Connecticut, at the age of 91, after 75 years of entertaining.[48] [49] He died peacefully in his sleep a day after returning from a concert in Denmark. "It was just his time to go," Frederikke Borge said. "He's been missing my mother terribly."[50] (His wife had died only three months earlier.) Barely a week earlier he had recorded what would be his final televised interview with Danish television, later aired on New Year's Eve. In a poetic coincidence, when asked where he would be spending his Christmas and New Year's, Borge responded "somewhere completely different".

In accordance with Borge's wishes, his connection to both the United States and Denmark was marked by having part of his ashes interred at Putnam Cemetery in Greenwich, with a replica of the iconic Danish statue The Little Mermaid sitting on a large rock at the grave site, and the other part in Western Jewish Cemetery (Mosaisk Vestre Begravelsesplads), Copenhagen.[51]

Awards and honors

Borge received an honorary degree from Trinity College Connecticut in 1997.[52] Over the years, he was also awarded an honorary Doctorate of Music from Butler University in 1970, Dana College in 1976 and the University of Connecticut in 1983. In addition, he was awarded a Doctorate of Humane Letters from Luther College in 1985.[53]

When the Royal Danish Orchestra celebrated its 550th anniversary in 1998, Borge was appointed an honorary member[54] — at that time one of only ten in the orchestra's history.[55] Victor Borge received numerous awards and honors during the course of his career. Borge received Kennedy Center Honors in 1999. He was decorated with badges of chivalric orders by the five Nordic countries, receiving the Order of the Dannebrog (Denmark), Order of Vasa (Sweden), in 1973 the Knight First Class of the Order of St. Olav (Norway), Order of the White Rose of Finland, and the Order of the Falcon (Iceland).[56] [57] [58] In 1986, he was a recipient of the Ellis Island Medal of Honor in recognition of his contributions to the improvement of American society.[59] [60]

Legacy

Victor Borge Hall,[61] located in Scandinavia House in New York City, was named in Borge's honor in 2000, as was Victor Borges Plads ("Victor Borge Square") in Copenhagen in 2002.[62] In 2009, a statue celebrating Borge's centennial was erected on the square.[63]

Asteroid (5634) Victorborge is named in his honor.[64]

From 23 January to 9 May 2009, the life of Borge was celebrated by The American-Scandinavian Foundation with Victor Borge: A Centennial Celebration.[65] [66]

Film and television

On 14 March 2009, a television special about his life, 100 Years of Music and Laughter, aired on PBS.[67]

On 7 February 2017, it was reported that, according to a press release by the Danish production company M&M Productions, both a television series and cinematic film about the life of Borge were foreseen to be filmed in 2018.[68] [69]

Discography

Filmography

YearTitleRoleNotes
1937Frk. Møllers jubilæum Piano tuner Asmussen
1937Der var engang en vicevært Composer Bøegh
1938Alarm Tjener Cæsar
1939De tre måske fire Kontorist – Bøjesen
1943Higher and Higher Sir Victor Fitzroy Victor
1944The Story of Dr. Wassell Man Uncredited, Unbilled
1964Victor Borge at Carnegie Hall TV special, ABC
1966The Daydreamer Zenith (The Second Tailor) Voice
1982The King of Comedy Victor Borge
1989 Himself TV special, TNT

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Billboard. 2 October 2010. 14 October 1944. Nielsen Business Media, Inc.. 23. 0006-2510.
  2. Book: Elliott Robert Barkan. Making it in America: a sourcebook on eminent ethnic Americans. registration. 2 October 2010. May 2001. ABC-CLIO. 978-1-57607-098-7. 46.
  3. Book: Bjørn Rasmussen. Filmens hvem-vad-hvor. 2 October 2010. 1969. Politiken. da. 239.
  4. Web site: Det Kongelige Teater – Kort fortalt . 3 October 2010 . da . My father played in the orchestra for more than 30 years – we couldn't recognise him, when he came home.. Om Bernhard Rosenbaum, som var bratschist i Kapellet fra 1888–1919 sagde Victor Borge: "Min far spillede i Kapellet i over 30 år – vi kunne heller ikke kende ham, da han kom hjem. https://web.archive.org/web/20110110194149/http://www.kglteater.dk/site/OmKunstarterne/Ensembler/Det_Kongelige_Kapel/Tidslinjen.aspx . 10 January 2011 . dead . dmy-all .
  5. Book: Who's Who in Entertainment 1989–1990 . 1988 . Marquis Who's Who, Inc. . 67. 9780837918501.
  6. Book: Ove Holger Krak. Kraks blaa bog: ...nulevende danske mænd og kvinders levnedsløb .... 2 October 2010. 1 January 1964. Krak.i. da. 186.
  7. Web site: Victor Borge . 2022-11-05 . IMDb.
  8. Book: Bernhardt Jensen. Som Århus morede sig: Folkelige forlystelser fra 1890'erne til 2. verdenskrig. 2 October 2010. 1966. Universitetsforlaget. da. 128.
  9. Web site: Palmer . Jordan . 2021-07-22 . Celebrating the great Jewish comedians: Victor Borge . 2022-11-05 . St. Louis Jewish Light.
  10. Book: Richard S. Sears. V-discs: first supplement. 2 October 2010. 3 December 1986. Greenwood Press. 978-0-313-25421-5. 23.
  11. Book: Information. 2 October 2010. 1977. R.Levin. da. 26.
  12. Book: Charles, Roland W. . Troopships of World War II . 1947 . Washington . The Army Transportation Association . 47004779 . 7 . 9 August 2015.
  13. Book: National Geographic Society (US). The National geographic. 3 October 2010. 1 July 1998. National Geographic Society. 59.
  14. Book: Billboard. 2 October 2010. 19 December 1953. Nielsen Business Media, Inc.. 21. 0006-2510 .
  15. Book: Frank Cullen. Vaudeville, old & new: an encyclopedia of variety performers in America. 2 October 2010. 2007. Psychology Press. 978-0-415-93853-2. 132.
  16. https://books.google.com/books?id=SQwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT14&dq=Victor+Borge+Roxy+theater&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiN-u7G24OEAxVLFVkFHTxkA5cQ6AF6BAgIEAI#v=onepage&q=Victor%20Borge%20Roxy%20theater&f=false The Billboard. 1 May 1943 p. 15 "Roxy, New York" Victor Borge on Google Books
  17. Book: Grolier Incorporated. The Encyclopedia Americana. 1970. 2 October 2011. Grolier. 978-0-7172-0122-8. 272.
  18. Borge. Victor. Popular Mechanics. Popular Mechanics Magazine. 3 October 2010. March 1985. Hearst Magazines. 107. 0032-4558 .
  19. Web site: Victor Borge American comedian and musician Britannica . 2022-11-05 . Britannica.com . en.
  20. Book: Billboard. 3 October 2010. 29 April 1944. Nielsen Business Media, Inc.. 25. 0006-2510. Victor Borge and his dead-pan interpretations of phonetic punctuation and gags clicked soundly with the pew-sitters..
  21. 88 notes pour piano solo, Jean-Pierre Thiollet, Neva Editions, 2015, p.296.
  22. Web site: Episode 4.05 "Victor Borge" . . 18 June 2021 . 9 November 1979 .
  23. Web site: Inside the Playbill: Marylyn Mulvey . . 20 October 2020.
  24. Web site: Henty. Hanako. April 28, 2016. A Fine Line Between Art and Entertainment: Music and Humor in the Performances of Victor Borge. University of Miami.
  25. Book: Young , Mark . The Guinness Book of World Records 1998. 3 October 2010. 2 March 1998. Bantam Books. 978-0-553-57895-9. 439. The longest run of one-man shows is 849, by Victor Borge (Denmark) in his Comedy in Music from October 2, 1953 through 21 January 1956 at the Golden Theater, Broadway, New York City..
  26. Book: Elliott Robert Barkan. Making it in America: a sourcebook on eminent ethnic Americans. registration. 3 October 2010. May 2001. ABC-CLIO. 978-1-57607-098-7. 47.
  27. New York Media, LLC. New York Magazine. Newyorkmetro.com. 3 October 2010. 27 January 1978. New York Media, LLC. 54. 0028-7369.
  28. Book: H.W. Wilson Company. Current biography yearbook. 3 October 2010. 1 January 1993. H.W. Wilson. 82.
  29. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Historical_Dictionary_of_Denmark/aPq6DAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Victor+Borge+Royal+Danish+Orchestra+1992&pg=PA74&printsec=frontcover Historical Dictionary of Denmark. Thomas, Alastair H. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, p. 74 Biography of Victor Borge ISBN 9781442264656 Victor Borge on Google Books
  30. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Historical_Dictionary_of_Denmark/aPq6DAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Victor+Borge+Royal+Danish+Orchestra+1992&pg=PA74&printsec=frontcover Historical Dictionary of Denmark. Thomas, Alastair H. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, p. 74 Biography of Victor Borge, ISBN 9781442264656 Victor Borge on Google Books
  31. Web site: Victor Borge – Phonetic Punctuation. https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/Qf_TDuhk3No. 2021-12-11 . live. Charles Bradley II. 3 August 2013. YouTube.
  32. Web site: The Electric Company 1974 TV Soundtrack LP Record FULL ALBUM. https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/nIsxPSgnrfA. 2021-12-11 . live. . 16 April 2015 .
  33. Web site: YouTube – Victor Borge on Sesame Street . . 18 December 2006 . 2 October 2010.
  34. Web site: Victor Borge Meets Oscar The Grouch (Sesame Street), YouTube. YouTube.
  35. Web site: Victor Borge on Sesame Street, YouTube. YouTube. 18 December 2006.
  36. Web site: Sesame Street: Practicing With Victor Borge. https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/PNDotER9XEs. 2021-12-11 . live. Sesame Street. 1 March 2011. YouTube.
  37. Web site: YouTube – Victor Borge on the Muppet show . . 2 October 2010 . 22 May 1979.
  38. Web site: Victor Borge on The Muppet Show, YouTube. YouTube.
  39. Web site: Victor Borge & The Muppets Orchestra – Tchaikovsky's 1st Piano Concerto. https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/hJgUz_RwRcw. 2021-12-11 . live. . 4 October 2009 .
  40. News: Holden. Stephen. Stephen Holden. Victor Borge, pianist who combined comedy and classical music, dies at 91 . 25 July 2023. The New York Times. 25 December 2000.
  41. News: Paid Notice – Deaths: Borge, Victor. 2 October 2010 . The New York Times. 26 December 2000.
  42. Book: Borge. Victor. Sherman. Robert. My favorite intermissions. registration. 3 October 2010. August 1971. Doubleday.
  43. Book: Borge. Victor. Sherman. Robert. Victor Borge's My favorite comedies in music. 3 October 2010. 1980. Dorset Press. 978-0-88029-807-0.
  44. Book: Borge. Victor. Kaiser. Niels-Jørgen. Smilet er den korteste afstand -: erindringer. 3 October 2010. 2001. Gyldendal. da. 978-87-00-75182-8.
  45. Web site: History. 30 November 2014 . America Pianists Association .
  46. News: Comic Pianist Victor Borge Dies At 91 . 24 December 2000 . CBS News . 2 October 2010.
  47. News: Paid Notice – Deaths: Borge, Sanna Sarabel. 11 October 2000 . The New York Times. 2 October 2010.
  48. News: Comedian Victor Borge dies. 24 December 2000. BBC News. 8 February 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20160802190000/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1085323.stm. 2 August 2016.
  49. News: Victor Borge and August Werner exhibitions at Nordic Heritage Museum. The Norwegian American. 1 December 2010. 9 December 2020.
  50. Web site: Celebrity Deathwatch: Victor Borge, Comic Pianist, 91 . 2 October 2010 . Borge, who had not been ill, had been planning to tour Australia next week. "It was just his time to go," his daughter said. "He's been missing my mother terribly." . https://web.archive.org/web/20110110035729/http://slick.org/deathwatch/mailarchive/msg00154.html . 10 January 2011 . dead . dmy-all .
  51. News: Bente . Clausen . Victor Borges aske deles . 9 May 2001 . Kristeligt Dagblad . 3 October 2010 . da.
  52. News: Danish Rabbi Will Visit Area Temple . 15 September 1997 . Hartford Courant . 3 October 2010 . [Bent Melchior] will also speak at Trinity College and, along with Victor Borge, receive an honorary degree from the college..
  53. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Historical_Dictionary_of_Denmark/aPq6DAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Victor+Borge+Royal+Danish+Orchestra+1992&pg=PA74&printsec=frontcover Historical Dictionary of Denmark. Thomas, Alastair H. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, p. 74 Biography of Victor Borge, ISBN 9781442264656 Victor Borge on Google Books
  54. Web site: Årets Pressefoto 1998 . 3 October 2010 . da . https://web.archive.org/web/20110719120641/http://www.aaretspressefoto.dk/index.php?aar=1998&vis=liste . 19 July 2011 . dead . dmy-all .
  55. The others were Edwin Fischer, A.W. Nielsen, Svend Wilhelm Hansen, Igor Markevitch, Sergiu Celibidache, Hanne Wilhelm Hansen, Henning Rohde, Peter Augustinus and Danny Kaye.
  56. News in Brief . News of Norway . April 6, 1973 . 30 . 7 . 28 . Norwegian Information Service . The Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav – Knight First Class – has been awarded to the Danish-born American entertainer, Mr. Victor Borge, for his activities in establishing and carrying on the work of the scholarship program Thanks to Scandinavia, Inc. The decoration was presented to Mr. Borge by Norway's Consul General in New York, Mr. Eigil Nygaard..
  57. Web site: Victor Borge . Kennedy-center.org. 16 August 2018 .
  58. Web site: Victor Borge Honored by the Kennedy Center. Werner Knudsen. Marshall H. Cohen. 18 June 2007. 15 March 2016.
  59. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Historical_Dictionary_of_Denmark/aPq6DAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Victor+Borge+Royal+Danish+Orchestra+1992&pg=PA74&printsec=frontcover Historical Dictionary of Denmark. Thomas, Alastair H. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, p. 74 Biography of Victor Borge, ISBN 9781442264656 Victor Borge on Google Books
  60. https://www.eihonors.org/medalists Ellis Island Medal of Honor - Vicotr Borge (1986) on eihonors.org
  61. Web site: Events @ Scandinavia House – The Nordic Center in America. Scandinaviahouse.org . 2 October 2010.
  62. Web site: Nye og ændrede vejnavne 2001–2003 . https://archive.today/20110807134859/http://www.kk.dk/Borger/ByOgTrafik/VejePladser/Vejnavne/NyVejnavn2001Til2003.aspx . dead . 7 August 2011 . 3 October 2010 . da . Victor Borges Plads. Benævnelse for en plads beliggende i J.E. Ohlsensgades udmunding i Nordre Frihavnsgade. Besluttet i Bygge- og Teknikudvalget den 9. oktober 2002. .
  63. News: Så kom Victor Borge på plads / Dinby.dk . 8 July 2009 . Østerbro Avis . 3 October 2010 . da.
  64. Web site: Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Minorplanetcenter.net.
  65. The Story of the American-Scandinavian Foundation: 1991-2011 Two Decades of Change . Scandinavian Review . Autumn 2011 . 24–25.
  66. News: New York Post. 26 November 2008 . Starr Report: Victor Borge . Jackie . Strause.
  67. News: Starr Report. Starr. Michael. 26 November 2008. New York Post. 3 October 2010.
  68. News: Oscarvinder laver storfilm og tv-serie om Danmarks største showbizstjerne. Nielsen. Marie Ravn. 7 February 2017. DR Nyheder. 7 February 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170207131856/http://www.dr.dk/nyheder/kultur/film/oscarvinder-laver-storfilm-og-tv-serie-om-danmarks-stoerste-showbizstjerne. 7 February 2017. da.
  69. News: Oscar winner to make film and TV series about Victor Borge. 7 February 2017. The Copenhagen Post. 8 February 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170207160242/http://cphpost.dk/news/oscar-winner-to-make-film-and-tv-series-about-victor-borge.html. 7 February 2017.
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  73. Book: Billboard. 3 October 2010. 5 June 1948. Nielsen Business Media, Inc.. 34. 0006-2510 .
  74. Book: Smith , Ronald L. . Comedy on record: the complete critical discography. 3 October 2010. 1 March 1988. Garland Pub.. 978-0-8240-8461-5. 82.
  75. Book: Debenham , Warren . Laughter on record: a comedy discography. 3 October 2010. August 1988. Scarecrow Press. 978-0-8108-2094-4. 38.
  76. Book: Billboard. 3 October 2010. 12 June 1954. Nielsen Business Media, Inc.. 22. 0006-2510 .
  77. Book: National Collegiate Players. The Players magazine. 3 October 2010. 1955. National Collegiate Players.. 83.
  78. Borges first performance in Denmark since World War II recorded 12 August 1958 in the Copenhagen concert-hall Odd Fellow Palæet (The Odd Fellow's Lodge building). Listen The 32 minutes show was sponsored by FONA, transmitted by the recently established Radio Mercur to 275.000 listeners and subsequently sold as a 10-inch LP for kroner 19.50.
  79. Book: Music and dance. 3 October 2010. 1958. Australian Musical News Publishing Co.. 27.
  80. Book: Billboard. 3 October 2010. 27 July 1959. Nielsen Business Media, Inc.. 28. 0006-2510 .
  81. Book: Billboard. 2 October 2010. 28 April 1962. Nielsen Business Media, Inc.. 30. 0006-2510 .
  82. Book: Mackenzie. Sir Compton. Stone. Christopher. Gramophone. 3 October 2010. 1963. General Gramophone Publications Ltd.. 23.
  83. Book: Raymond , Jack . Show music on record: from the 1890s to the 1980s. registration. 3 October 2010. 1 May 1982. F. Ungar. 978-0-8044-5774-3. 190.

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