| Béchar Province | |
| Native Name: | ولاية بشار |
| Native Name Lang: | ar |
| Type: | Province |
| Map Caption1: | Map of the 12 districts of Béchar |
| Coordinates: | 31.6167°N -15°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: |  Algeria |
| Seat Type: | Capital |
| Seat: | Béchar |
| Leader Title: | PPA president |
| Leader Title1: | Wāli |
| Leader Name1: | Mr. Mecheri Azzedine |
| Unit Pref: | Metric |
| Area Total Km2: | 161400 |
| Elevation M: | 605 |
| Population Footnotes: | [1] |
| Population Total: | 274866 |
| Population As Of: | 2008 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Timezone1: | CET |
| Utc Offset1: | +01 |
| Iso Code: | DZ-08 |
| Area Code Type: | Area Code |
| Area Code: | +213 (0) 29 |
| Blank Name Sec1: | Districts |
| Blank Info Sec1: | 12 |
| Blank1 Name Sec1: | Municipalities |
| Blank1 Info Sec1: | 21 |
Béchar (Arabic: ولاية بشار) is a province (wilaya) in Algeria, located on the border with Morocco in the Algerian Sahara. It is the second least-densely populated province in Algeria. Its capital and biggest city is Béchar.
The greater part of the province is dry plains (hamadas) suitable for grazing but with insufficient surface water to support agriculture. Most settlements are therefore concentrated in oases along the Saoura valley and its tributaries. Natural resources include coal deposits in the north around Bechar and Kenadsa.[2]
The oases' traditional economic basis was agriculture, notably growing date palms and grain. The inhabitants of several oases, notably Ouakda, Lahmar and Boukais, speak Berber languages, while the rest speak Arabic. Many of the oases had significant populations of Arabic: [[sharif|shurfa]] or Haratin peoples. There is a notable zaouia (traditional religious school) at Kenadsa. The region also supported a substantial mainly Arab pastoralist nomadic population, notably the Doui-Menia and Ouled Djerir; most or all have settled in the oases.
Trans-Saharan trade routes passing through this region played an important role in its economy in pre-modern times, but have at present been superseded. A small tourism industry exists, focused particularly on Taghit. Béchar, whose growth from a minor village began only in the early 20th century, has become the principal urban and administrative centre.
The region has a distinctive musical scene influenced by sub-Saharan African rhythms, whose best known representative is the Gnawi singer Hasna El Becharia. Another locally well-known group is El Sed, from Kenadsa.
Disagreements between Morocco and Algeria over their mutual border in this province and Tindouf led to conflict after Algeria's independence, the so-called Sand War.
The province was created from the Saoura department in 1974. In 1984 Tindouf Province was carved out of its territory. In 2019 Béni Abbès Province followed.
The province is made up of 6 districts and 11 municipalities.[3]
The districts are:
The municipalities are: