Foreign relations of Azerbaijan explained

The Republic of Azerbaijan is a member of the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, NATO's Partnership for Peace, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, the World Health Organization, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; the Council of Europe, CFE Treaty, the Community of Democracies; the International Monetary Fund; and the World Bank.

Diplomatic relations

Azerbaijan maintains diplomatic relations with 185 United Nations member states, the State of Palestine and the Holy See.[1] [2] Azerbaijan does not have diplomatic relations with the following countries:

Azerbaijan also maintains good relations with the European Union, in the framework of its Eastern European Neighbourhood Policy (See Azerbaijan and the European Union).

List

List of countries which Azerbaijan maintains diplomatic relations with:

Country[3] Date
1 Turkey
2 Liechtenstein
3 Switzerland
4
5 Ukraine
6 Mexico
7 Spain
8 Austria
9 Germany
10 France
11 Poland
12 Saudi Arabia
13 Yemen
14 Bangladesh
15 India[4]
16 United States
17 Guinea
18 Nigeria
19 United Kingdom
20
21 Libya
22
23 Finland
24 Cuba
25 Egypt
26 Philippines
27
28 Iraq
29 Netherlands
30 China
31 Denmark
32 Greece[5]
33
34 Israel
—
35 Mongolia
36 Estonia
37 Hungary
38 South Africa
39 Sweden
40 Italy
—
41
42 Tajikistan
43 Luxembourg
44 Norway
45 Bulgaria
46 Portugal
47 Pakistan
48 Turkmenistan
49 Belgium[6]
50 Australia
51 Romania
52 New Zealand
53 Thailand
54 Canada
55 Oman
56 Sudan
57 Sri Lanka
58 Guinea-Bissau
59 Morocco
60 Kazakhstan
61 United Arab Emirates[7]
62 Japan
63 Ghana
64
65 Indonesia
66 Lebanon
67 Brazil
68 Ethiopia
69 Georgia
70 Kyrgyzstan
71 Czech Republic
72 Jordan
73 Malaysia
74 Madagascar
75 Belarus
76 Albania
77 Argentina
78 Zambia
79 Latvia
80 Algeria
81 Singapore
82 Qatar[8]
83 Kuwait
84 Mauritania
85 Guatemala
86 Seychelles
87 Chile
88 Gambia
89 Afghanistan
90 Nicaragua
91 Angola
92 Colombia
93 Honduras
94 Cambodia
95 Malta
96 Uruguay
97 Croatia
98 Bosnia and Herzegovina
99 Cameroon
100 Nepal
101 Burundi
102 Sierra Leone
103 Saint Kitts and Nevis[9]
104 Antigua and Barbuda[10]
105 Panama
106
107
108 Mozambique
109
110 Uganda
111 Guyana[11]
112 Uzbekistan
113 Niger
114 Lithuania
115 Jamaica
116
117 Slovenia
118 Senegal
119 Andorra
120 Liberia
121 Peru
122 Ireland
123
124 Mauritius
125 Gabon
126 Djibouti
127 Bahrain[12]
128
129 Slovakia
130 Mali
131 Costa Rica
132 Serbia
133 Iceland
134 Tunisia
135 El Salvador
136 Myanmar
137 Benin
138 Suriname[13]
139 San Marino
140 Belize
141 Haiti
142 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
143 Cape Verde
144 Ecuador[14]
145 Somalia
146
147 Chad
148 Eritrea
149 Paraguay
150 Malawi
151 Burkina Faso[15]
152 Kenya
153 Rwanda
154 Equatorial Guinea
155 Nauru
156
157 Dominican Republic[16]
158 Monaco
159 Montenegro
160 Zimbabwe
161 Tuvalu
162
163 Comoros[17]
164 Marshall Islands
165 Saint Lucia
166 Fiji
167 Grenada[18]
168 Togo
169 Solomon Islands
170 Dominica[19]
171 Trinidad and Tobago[20]
172
173 Lesotho[21]
174
175 Bhutan
176 Bahamas
177 Vanuatu
178 Samoa[22]
179 Palau
180
181
182 Barbados
183 Namibia
184[23]
185 Papua New Guinea

Information on some of the countries with which Azerbaijan maintains formal relations

Multilateral

OrganizationFormal Relations BeganNotes
1996[24]
1992[25] See Azerbaijan–NATO relations
2009[26] See Azerbaijan–Turkic Council relations

Africa

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
<--Date Started-->[27]
<--Date Started-->[28] See Azerbaijan–DR Congo relations
<--Date Started-->[29]
<--Date Started-->[30] See Azerbaijan–Ethiopia relations
11 November 1994[31] <--Date Started-->
<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Kenya relations
16 March 1992[32] <--Date Started-->
<--Date Started-->[33] See Azerbaijan–Morocco relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Rabat since 2005.
  • Morocco has an embassy in Baku.
10 October 1995[34] <--Date Started-->
14 March 1996[35] <--Date Started-->
<--Date Started-->[36] See Azerbaijan–South Africa relations
1 July 1998[37] <--Date Started--> See Azerbaijan–Tunisia relations

Americas

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
<--Date Started-->[38] See Argentina–Azerbaijan relations
<--Date Started-->[41] See Azerbaijan–Brazil relations
<--Date Started-->[44] See Azerbaijan–Canada relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Ottawa.[45]
  • Canada is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.[46]
<--Date Started-->[47] See Azerbaijan–Chile relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Santiago.
  • Chile has an embassy in Baku.
<--Date Started-->[48] See Azerbaijan–Colombia relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Bogotá.
  • Colombia has an embassy in Baku.[49]
<--Date Started-->[50] See Azerbaijan–Cuba relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Havana.
  • Cuba has an embassy in Baku.
<--Date Started-->[51] See Azerbaijan–Ecuador relations
<--Date Started-->[52] See Azerbaijan–Mexico relations
<--Date Started-->[55] See Azerbaijan–Nicaragua relations
  • Azerbaijan is represented in Nicaragua through its embassy in Havana, Cuba.
  • Nicaragua is represented in Azerbaijan through its embassy in Moscow, Russia.[56]
<--Date Started-->[57] See Azerbaijan–Paraguay relations
<--Date Started-->[58] See Azerbaijan–Peru relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Baku.[59]
<--Date Started-->,
See Azerbaijan–United States relations

On 25 December 1991 President George H. W. Bush announced that the United States recognized the independence of all 12 former Soviet republics, including Azerbaijan.

  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Washington, DC and has a consulate-general in Los Angeles.[60]
  • United States has an embassy in Baku.[61]
<--Date Started-->[62] See Azerbaijan–Uruguay relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.
<--Date Started-->[63] See Azerbaijan–Venezuela relations
  • Azerbaijan does not have an accreditation to Venezuela.
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Baku.

Asia

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
<--Date Started-->1918–1921

Armenia and Azerbaijan does not have formal relations since that time

See Armenia–Azerbaijan relations, First Nagorno-Karabakh War, Second Nagorno-Karabakh war

The neighboring nations of Armenia and Azerbaijan have had formal governmental relations between 1918 and 1921, when both countries were briefly independent. The two nations have fought three wars in the 1918–20 (Armenian–Azerbaijani War), the 1988–94 (Nagorno-Karabakh War), and the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, with the last two ending in ceasefire agreements - the Bishkek Protocol and the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement respectively. There are no formal diplomatic relations between the two countries, because of the ongoing Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and dispute. In 2008, Azerbaijani president Ilham Aliyev declared, "Nagorno Karabakh will never be independent; the position is backed by international mediators as well; Armenia has to accept the reality," and "in 1918, Yerevan was granted to the Armenians. It was a great mistake. The khanate of Iravan was the Azerbaijani territory, the Armenians were guests here."[64]

During the Soviet period, many Armenians and Azerbaijanis lived side by side in peace. However, when Mikhail Gorbachev introduced the policies of Glasnost and Perestroika, the majority of Armenians from the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO) of the Azerbaijan SSR began a movement to unify with the Armenian SSR. In 1988, the Armenians of Karabakh voted to secede and join Armenia. This, along with mutual massacres in Azerbaijan and Armenia resulted in the conflict that became known as the Nagorno-Karabakh War. The violence resulted in de facto Armenian control of former NKAO and seven surrounding Azerbaijani regions, which was effectively halted when both sides agrees to observe a cease-fire, which has since been in effect since May 1994, and in late 1995 both also agreed to mediation of the OSCE Minsk Group. The Minsk Group is currently co-chaired by the U.S., France, and Russia and comprises Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and several Western European nations. Despite the cease fire, up to 40 clashes are reported along the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict lines of control each year.

The two countries are still technically at war. Citizens of the Republic of Armenia, as well as citizens of any other country who are of Armenian descent, are forbidden entry to the Republic of Azerbaijan.

If a person's passport shows any evidence of travel to Nagorno-Karabakh, they are forbidden entry to the Republic of Azerbaijan.[65]

In 2008, in what became known as the 2008 Mardakert Skirmishes, Armenia and Azerbaijan clashed over Nagorno-Karabakh. The fighting between the two sides was brief, with few casualties on either side.[66]

As of July 2020, the new round of military escalation along the border between Armenia and Azerbaijan continued, thus making it one of the most explosive regions in Eurasia.[67]

On 27 September 2020, a new military conflict emerged between Azerbaijan and Armenia.[68] The following day, on 28 September 2020, Azerbaijan's President Ilham Aliyev signed a decree declaring a partial military mobilisation following clashes with Armenian forces over the Nagorno-Karabakh region.[69] An armistice agreement between the two countries was signed on 10 November 2020, returning control of the territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh to Azerbaijan.

6 November 1996[70] <--Date Started-->
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Bahrain from its embassy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
  • Bahrain is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
30 December 1991[71] <--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Bangladesh relations
  • On 30 December 1991, Bangladesh recognized the independence of Azerbaijan.
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 26 February 1992.
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Bangladesh from its embassy in New Delhi, India.
  • Bangladesh has a consulate in Baku.
<--Date Started--> See Azerbaijan–China relations
<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan-India relations
  • India recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan on 26 December 1991.
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 28 February 1992.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in New Delhi.
  • India has an embassy in Baku.
<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan-Indonesia relations
  • On 28 September 1991, the Republic of Indonesia recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
  • On 24 September 1992, diplomatic relations were established between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Indonesia.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Jakarta.
  • Indonesia has an embassy in Baku.
<--Date Started-->,
See Azerbaijan–Iran relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Tehran. and a consulate general in Tabriz.
  • Iran has an embassy in Baku. and a consulate general in Nakhchivan.
  • Both countries are full members of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC).
  • Iran recognized Azerbaijan on 4 January 1992, upgraded its consulate in Baku to establish full diplomatic relations.[73] [74]
2 January 1992<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Iraq relations
  • On 2 January 1992, Iraq recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
  • On 30 March 1992, diplomatic relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Iraq were established.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Baghdad.
  • Iraq has an embassy in Baku.
<--Date Started--> See Azerbaijan–Israel relations
  • Azerbaijan is one of the few majority Muslim countries to develop bilateral strategic and economic relations with Israel.[75]
  • Israel was one of the first countries to recognize Azerbaijan on 25 December 1991.[76]
<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Japan relations
<--Date Started-->[79] [80] See Azerbaijan–Jordan relations
  • On 28 December 1991, Jordan recognized the independence of Azerbaijan.
  • On 13 February 1993, a protocol on establishing diplomatic relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan was signed.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Amman.
  • Jordan has an embassy in Baku.
<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Kazakhstan relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Astana.
  • Kazakhstan has an embassy in Baku since 16 December 1994.
10 October 1994[81] <--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Kuwait relations
<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan-Kyrgyzstan relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Bishkek.
  • Kyrgyzstan has an embassy in Baku.
22 May 1995<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Laos relations
<--Date Started-->[82] See Azerbaijan–Lebanon relations
31 December 1991<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Malaysia relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has an embassy in Baku[83]
  • Malaysia recognizes the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan on 31 December 1991 and on 5 April 1993 diplomatic relations were established.
14 September 1994<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Qatar relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Doha.
  • Qatar has an embassy in Baku.
<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Pakistan relations
<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Palestine relations
  • Palestine has an embassy in Baku since 2011.
27 March 1992[88] <--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Philippines relations
  • Azerbaijan has a consulate in Manila.
  • Philippines is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara.
<--Date Started-->[89] See Azerbaijan–Saudi Arabia relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Riyadh since 1994.
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Baku since 1999.
  • Due to its support of Azerbaijan in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, Saudi Arabia refuses to establish diplomatic relations with Armenia.[90]
<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–South Korea relations
  • Azerbaijani embassy in Seoul.[91]
  • South Korean embassy in Baku.[92]
  • Bilateral Trade agreement was signed in 2014
    • Exports US$269.5 million.
    • Imports US$0.54 million.
12 February 1992[93] <--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Sri Lanka relations
  • Sri Lanka is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.
<--Date Started-->[94] See Azerbaijan–Syria relationsSyria is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.
29 May 1992[95] <--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Tajikistan relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Dushanbe.
  • Tajikistan has an embassy in Baku.
7 July 1992[96] <--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Thailand relations
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Thailand from its embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  • Thailand has a consulate in Baku.
<--Date Started-->14 Jan. 1992[97] See Azerbaijan–Turkey relations
9 June 1992[99] <--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Turkmenistan relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Ashgabat.
  • Turkmenistan has an embassy in Baku.
  • The Azerbaijan-Turkmenistan inter-parliamentary friendship group functions in the Milli Majlis (Parliament) of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Turkmenistan-Azerbaijan inter-parliamentary friendship group works in the Majlis of Turkmenistan.[100]
<--Date Started-->[101] See Azerbaijan–United Arab Emirates relations
  • The United Arab Emirates recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan on 26 December 1991.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates have an embassy in Baku.
2 October 1995[102] <--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Uzbekistan relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Tashkent.
  • Uzbekistan has an embassy in Baku.
23 September 1992[103] <--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Vietnam relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Hanoi.
  • Vietnam is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Moscow.
25 February 1992[104] <--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Yemen relations
  • Yemen is accredited to Azerbaijan via its embassy in Ankara.

Europe

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
<--Date Started-->[105] See Albania–Azerbaijan relations
<--Date Started-->See Austria–Azerbaijan relations
<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Belarus relations
<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Belgium relations
19 February 1995[110] <--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Bosnia and Herzegovina relations
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 9 February 1995. Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries on the same day.[111]
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara.
<--Date Started--> See Azerbaijan—Bulgaria relations
<--Date Started-->
Azerbaijan formally recognizes the government of the Republic of Cyprus as the sole representative of the island, but has not yet established diplomatic relations with Cyprus. The parliament of Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic issued a resolution recognizing the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus as a sovereign state. While this recognition is not regarded by Azerbaijan and internationally as 'official state-to-state', Azerbaijan itself maintained cordial unofficial relations with the TRNC. In 2004, Azerbaijan threatened to formally recognize the TRNC if the Annan Plan was voted down by the Greek Cypriots (who rejected the plan in one of twin referendums held 24 April 2004 in both the Greek and Turkish zones simultaneously), but backed off the threat when it was pointed out by Cyprus that doing so would be hypocritical, as a portion of its territory just like that of Cyprus itself is under occupation and would probably result in negative impact on its ongoing dispute with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh.[115]
<--Date Started--> See Azerbaijan–Czech Republic relations
<--Date Started-->[117] See Azerbaijan-Denmark relations
  • The Kingdom of Denmark recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan on 31 December 1991.
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 2 April 1992.[118]
  • Denmark has a consulate in Baku.
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in London.
<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan-Estonia relations
  • Estonia recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 20 February 1992.
  • Diplomatic relations between Azerbaijan and Estonia have been established since 20 April 1992.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Tallinn.
  • Estonia has an embassy in Baku.
<--Date Started-->
  • The Republic of Finland recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 30 December 1991.[119]
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 24 March 1992.
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Finland from its embassy in Stockholm.
  • Finland has a consulate in Baku.
<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan—France relations
<--Date Started-->,
See Azerbaijan–Georgia relations
[122] See Azerbaijan–Germany relations
<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Greece relations
23 May 1992<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Holy See relations
  • Diplomatic relations with the Holy See were established on 23 May 1992.[126]
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to the Holy See through its embassy in Paris, France.
  • The Holy See is accredited to Azerbaijan through its nunciature in Ankara, Turkey.
Hungary<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Hungary relations
27 February 1998[128] <--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Iceland relations
  • Iceland recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 19 January 1992.
  • Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries on 27 February 1998.
  • Iceland is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Moscow.
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Iceland from its embassy in London.
Ireland<--Start date-->See Azerbaijan–Ireland relations
  • Azerbaijan is represented in Ireland through its embassy in London (United Kingdom).[129]
  • Ireland is represented in Azerbaijan through its embassy in Ankara (Turkey).
<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Italy relations
<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Kosovo relations
<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan—Latvia relations
21 January 1992[133] <--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Liechtenstein relations
<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan—Lithuania relations
21 December 1991[134] <--Date Started-->
19 December 2007[135] <--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Monaco relations
See Azerbaijan–Montenegro relations Azerbaijan recognized the independence of Montenegro on 24 July 2006. On 24 April 2008, diplomatic relations between these two countries were established.
<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Netherlands relations
<--Date Started-->[138] See Azerbaijan—North Macedonia relations
  • North Macedonia has an economic office in Baku.
<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan-Poland relations
5 June 1992[139] See Azerbaijan–Portugal relations
  • Portugal recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on 7 January 1992.
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 5 June 1992.
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Portugal from its embassy in Rabat, Morocco.
  • Portugal is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
<--Date Started-->
<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Russia relations
19 April 2002[141] <--Date Started-->
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to San Marino from its embassy in Rome, Italy.
  • San Marino maintains an honorary consulate in Baku.
<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Serbia relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Baku.
23 November 1993[142] <--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Slovakia relations
  • Azerbaijan has a consulate in Bratislava.
  • Slovakia has an embassy in Baku.
20 February 1996[143] <--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Slovenia relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Ljubljana.
  • Slovenia has a consulate in Baku.
<--Date Started-->[144] See Azerbaijan–Spain relations
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Madrid.
  • Spain has an embassy office in Baku.
  • Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Sweden relations
  • The embassy of Sweden in Baku opened in 2014.
  • Azerbaijan opened an embassy in Stockholm
  • Currently, approximately 10 thousand Azerbaijanis live in Sweden, and in addition about 30 thousand Azerbaijanis from Iran.
  • In 2006, a diaspora organization called «Odlar yurdu» was established in Sweden.[145]
  • In 2010, the Congress of Swedish Azerbaijanis was established.[146]
  • Sweden has an honorary in Baku.
  • Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).
<--Date Started-->See Azerbaijan–Switzerland relations
<--Date Started-->,
See Azerbaijan–Ukraine relations
<--Date Started-->,
See Azerbaijan – United Kingdom relations

Oceania

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
<--Date Started-->[154] See Australia–Azerbaijan relations
  • Australia is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Canberra.
<--Date Started-->[155] See Azerbaijan—New Zealand relations
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to New Zealand from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.
  • New Zealand is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.

International organizations

AsDBBSECCECISEAPCEBRDECEECOESCAPFAOGUAMIAEAIBRDICAOICRMIDAIDBIFADIFCIFRCSILOIMFIMOInterpolIOC, IOMISO (correspondent)ITUITUCOAS (observer)OICOPCWOSCEPFPUnited NationsUNCTADUNESCOUNIDOUPUWCOWFTUWHOWIPOWMOWToOWTO(observer)

Other entities

Disputes

Nagorno-Karabakh/Azerbaijan

See also: Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The frozen conflict over currently largely Armenian-populated region of Nagorno-Karabakh within the Republic of Azerbaijan began when in 1988 the Armenian majority of Nagorno-Karabakh demanded autonomy with demonstrations and persecutions against ethnic Azeris following in Armenia. This led to anti-Armenian rioting in Azerbaijan, with Azerbaijani militias beginning their effort to expel Armenians from the enclave. In 1992, a war broke out and pogroms of Armenians and Azeris forced both groups to flee their homes. In 1994, a Russian-brokered ceasefire ended the war but more than 1 million ethnic Armenians and Azeris are still not able to return. In 2023, an Azerbaijani offensive into Nagorno-Karabakh ended the conflict, with the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh conceding sovereignty to the government of Azerbaijan on January 1, 2024.

Caviar diplomacy

See main article: Caviar diplomacy. The European Stability Initiative (ESI) has revealed in a report from 2012 with the title "Caviar diplomacy: How Azerbaijan silenced the Council of Europe", that since Azerbaijan's entry into the Council of Europe, each year 30 to 40 deputies are invited to Azerbaijan and generously paid with expensive gifts, including caviar (worth up to 1,400 euro), silk carpets, gold, silver and large amounts of money.[156] [157] In return they become lobbyists for Azerbaijan. This practice has been widely referred to as "Caviar diplomacy".[158]

ESI also published a report on 2013 Presidential elections in Azerbaijan titled "Disgraced: Azerbaijan and the end of election monitoring as we know it". The report revealed the ties between Azerbaijani government and the members of certain observation missions who praised the elections.[159] Azerbaijan's "Caviar diplomacy" at 2013 presidential elections sparked a major international scandal, as the reports of two authoritative organizations Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe/European Parliament and OSCE/ODIHR completely contradicted one another in their assessments of elections.[160] [161] [162] [163]

Non-governmental anti-corruption organization Transparency International has regularly judged Azerbaijan to be one of the most corrupt countries in the world[163] [164] and has also criticized Azerbaijan for the "Caviar diplomacy".[158] [165]

At June 2016 the public prosecutor of Milan has accused the former leader of the (Christian) Union of the center and of the European People's Party of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Luca Volonte of accepting large bribes from representatives of the Azerbaijani government.[166] Two people with high-level experience of the Council of Europe's parliamentary assembly (Pace) have told the Guardian they believe its members have been offered bribes for votes by Azerbaijan. Former Azerbaijani diplomat, Arif Mammadov, alleged that a member of Azerbaijan's delegation at the Council of Europe had €30m (£25m) to spend on lobbying its institutions, including the Council of Europe assembly.[167] PACE ratified the terms of reference of an independent external investigation body to carry out a detailed independent inquiry into the allegations of corruption at the council involving Azerbaijan.[168]

ESISC report

See main article: European strategic intelligence and security center. On 6 March 2017, ESISC (European Strategic Intelligence and Security Center) published a scandalous report called "The Armenian Connection" where it veraciously attacked human rights NGOs and research organisations criticising human rights violations and corruption in Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Russia.[169]

ESISC in that report asserted that "Caviar diplomacy" report elaborated by ESI aimed to create climate of suspicion based on slander to form a network of MPs that would engage in a political war against Azerbaijan.[170] In the Second Chapter of the report called "The Armenian Connection: «Mr X», Nils Muižnieks, Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights" that was published on 18 April 2017 ESISC asserted that the network composed of European PMs, Armenian officials and some NGOs: Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, "Human Rights House Foundation", "Open Dialog", European Stability Initiative, and Helsinki Committee for Human Rights, was financed by the Soros Foundation. According to ESISC the key figure of the network since 2012 has been Nils Muižnieks, Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe and the network has served to the interests of George Soros and the Republic of Armenia.[171] "The report is written in the worst traditions of authoritarian propaganda, makes absurd claims, and is clearly aimed at deflecting the wave of criticism against cover-up of unethical lobbying and corruption in PACE and demands for change in the Assembly", said Freedom Files Analytical Centre.

According Robert Coalson (Radio Free Europe), ESISC is a part of Baku's lobbying efforts to extend to the use of front think tanks to shift public opinion.[172]

European Stability Initiative said that "ESISC report is full of lies (such as claiming that German PACE member Strasser holds pro-Armenian views and citing as evidence that he went to Yerevan in 2015 to commemorate the Armenian genocide, when Strasser has never in his life been to independent Armenia)".[173]

See also

Further reading

References

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Politics . 7 September 2019 . mfa.gov.az.
  2. Web site: Diplomatic relations between Azerbaijan and ... . United Nations Digital Library . 7 September 2019.
  3. Web site: Foreign policy - bilateral relations . 3 August 2022.
  4. Web site: India-Azerbaijan Relations . Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India . 5 March 2024.
  5. Web site: Today marks the 30th Anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Azerbaijan & Greece. . 3 September 2023 . MFA Azerbaijan.
  6. Web site: Azerbaijan - Belgium relations . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://brussels.mfa.gov.az/files/file/Azerbaijan-Belgium_Relations_1_.pdf . 2022-10-09 . live . 3 August 2022.
  7. Web site: Bilateral relations . 3 August 2022.
  8. Web site: Bilateral relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the State of Qatar . 30 August 2022.
  9. Web site: Diplomatic Relations . 1 April 2021 . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Saint Kitts and Nevis.
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