Azeotrope tables explained

This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture. Boiling points are reported at a pressure of 760 mm Hg unless otherwise stated. Where the mixture separates into layers, values are shown for upper (U) and lower (L) layers.

The data were obtained from Lange's 10th edition[1] and CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th edition[2] unless otherwise noted (see color code table).

A list of 15825 binary and ternary mixtures was collated and published by the American Chemical Society.[3] An azeotrope databank is also available online through the University of Edinburgh.[4]

Binary azeotropes

-- first set of columns --><-- first column -->
! 2nd Component !! b.p. of
comp. (˚C) !! b.p. of
mixture (˚C) !! % by
weight !! spef.
grav
with various alcohols
78.4 78.1 95.50.804
64.7Doesn`t form azeotrope
97.3 87.7 71.70.866
82.5 80.4 87.70.818
117.8 92.4 55.5
U 79.9
L 7.7
U 0.849
L 0.990
99.5 88.5 67.90.863
108.0 90.0 70.0
U 85.0
L 8.7
U 0.839
L 0.988
82.8 79.9 88.3
97.0 88.2 72.90.905
169.4 98.5 20
161.1 97.8 20
205.4 99.9 9
with various organic acids
100.8 107.3 77.5
acetic acid ‡[5] [6] 118.1No azeotrope
141.1 99.98 17.71.016
163.5 99.94 18.41.007
154.5 99.3 21
with mineral acids
83.0 120.5 681.405
110.0 203 71.6
19.9 120 37
–84 110 20.241.102
–73 126 47.51.481
–34 127 57
290 338 98
with various alkyl halides
83.7 72 91.8
96.8 78 89.4
chloroform[7] 61.2 56.1 97.2
U 0.8
L 99.8
U 1.004
L 1.491
76.8 66.8 95.9
U 0.03
L 99.97
U 1.000
L 1.597
40.0 38.8 99.6
U 2.0
99.9
U 1.009
L 1.328
with various esters
77.1 70.4 91.9
U 96.7
L 8.7
U 0.907
L 0.999
57.0 56.1 95.0 0.940
n-propyl acetate[8] 101.6 82.4 86
isopropyl acetate[9] 88.775.988.9
87.7 74.4 78
with various other solvents
acetone ‡ 56.5 °CNo azeotrope
79.6 73.5 890.834
115.5 92.6 571.010
80.2 69.3 91.1
U 99.94
L 0.07
U 0.880
L 0.999
110.8 84.1 79.8
U 99.95
L 0.06
U 0.868
L 1.000
80.7 69.8 91.5
U 99.99
L 0.01
U 0.780
L 1.00
CPME[10] 1068383.7
MTBE5552.996.5
34.5 34.2 98.70.720
66 64.2[11] 95
2-methyltetrahydrofuran[12] 80.27189.4
153.9 95.5 59.5
82.0 76.5 83.70.818
97.75 95.0 93.0
hydrazine[13] 113.5 °C 120.3 °C 68.5
139.0 92.0 64.2
‡ CRC 44th ed. lists azeotropes for acetic acid/water and acetone/water, Lange's 10th ed. as well as numerous web sources indicate no azeotrope for these pairs.
! 2nd Component !! b.p. of
comp. (˚C) !! b.p. of
mixture (˚C) !! % by
weight !! spef.
grav
with various solvents
102.7 93.8 45
101.6 94.2 47
80.2 76.8 82.60.874
110.8 92.4 50
80.8 74 80
76.8 72.3 88.51.450
83.7 79.9 82
<-- second column -->
! 2nd Component !! b.p. of
comp. (˚C) !! b.p. of
mixture (˚C) !! % by
weight !! spef.
grav
with various esters
77.1 71.8 69.20.863
57.0 56.9 97
87.7 71.9 56
88.4 76.8 47
with various hydrocarbons
80.2 68.2 67.60.848
80.7 64.9 69.5
110.8 76.7 320.815
36.2 34.3 95
68.9 58.7 790.687
98.5 70.9 510.729
125.6 77.0 22
with various alkyl halides
83.7 70.5 63
61.1 59.4 931.403
76.8 65.1 84.21.377
45.7 44 95
46.7 45.0 93
36.3 35.6 97.2
71.0 62.8 79.5
59.8 55.6 89.5
102.4 75.4 56
89.4 71.5 73
42.6 41.2 96.8
40.1 39.85 95.0
38.0 37.0 97.0
87 70.9 73.01.197
trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC 113) 47.7 43.8 96.21.517
121.0 76.75 37.0
with various other solvents
79.6 74.8 600.802
82.0 72.9 43.00.788
101.3 75.95 26.8
tetrahydrofuran[14]
P = 100 kPa 		65.6 65 96.7
2-methyltetrahydrofuran80.274.466
thiophene84.1 70.0 55.0
46.2 42.4 92
! 2nd Component !! b.p. of
comp. (˚C) !! b.p. of
mixture (˚C) !! % by
weight !! spef.
grav
with various esters
57.0 53.8 81.30.908
77.1 62.3 560.846
54.1 51.0 84
with various hydrocarbons
80.2 58.3 60.50.844
110.8 63.8 310.813
80.8 45.2 62.8
U 97.0
L 39.0
36.2 30.8 91
n-hexane[15] 68.9 60 71.6
98.5 59.1 48.5
125.8 63.0 72.0
with various alkyl halides
40.0 37.8 92.7
83.7 61.0 68
61.1 53.5 87.41.342
76.8 55.7 79.41.322
38.4 35.0 95.5
46.6 40.5 90.5
36.4 33.4 94
71.0 54.5 79
59.8 48.6 85.0
89.4 61.0 62
87.2 60.2 64
121.1 63.5 40.6
trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC 113) 47.7 39.9 94
with various other solvents
101.2 64.6 9
56.5 55.7 87.90.796
82.0 63.45 19.0
46.2 37.7 86.0
U 50.8
L 97.2
U 0.979
L 1.261
82.5 64.0 20
tetrahydrofuran[16]
P = 984 mBar 		65.6 60.7 69.0
2-methyltetrahydrofuran80.262.743
MTBE[17] 5551.368.6
<-- first column -->
! 2nd Component !! b.p. of
comp. (˚C) !! b.p. of
mixture (˚C) !! % by
weight !! spef.
grav
with various solvents
102.7 94.4 51
80.8 80.65 97
101.6 94.7 490.833
80.2 77.1 83.1
110.8 92.4 47.50.836
68.9 65.7 96
76.8 73.1 88.51.437
83.7 80.7 81
71.0 69.7 91
2-methyltetrahydrofuran80.279.599
! 2nd Component !! b.p. of
comp. (˚C) !! b.p. of
mixture (˚C) !! % by
weight !! spef.
grav
with various solvents
80.2 80.05 980.882
80.8 79.7 98
110.8 105.0 720.905
139.0 115.4 27.50.908
mesitylene[18] 164.6 118 3.6
98.5 92.3 70
125.8 109.0 50
89.2 88.3 91
76.8 76.6 97
121.0 107.4 61.5
131.7 114.4 45
109.5 103.7 75.0
98.2 94.8 84.0
115.3 139.7 65.01.024
<-- second column -->
! 2nd Component !! b.p. of
comp. (˚C) !! b.p. of
mixture (˚C) !! % by
weight !! spef.
grav
with various esters
77.1 75.3 750.869
91.0 81.3 400.822
with various hydrocarbons
80.2 71.9 66.70.838
toluene ‡[19] 110.8 80.6 42 - bgcolor="#FFFFCC"110.8 81.3 21 -->
80.7 68.6 67.0 0.777
36.2 35.5 94
68.9 62.7 77
98.5 76.3 46
with various alkyl halides
76.8 69.0 821.344
61.1 60.8 95.8
83.7 74.7 56.5
83.7 67.1 85
46.7 46.4 97.2
71.0 66.8 79.5
59.8 57.8 88
102.4 79.8 58
89.4 76.0 68
121.1 81.7 19.0
with various other solvents
79.0 77.5 680.800
69 66.2 85.9
101.0 79.3 70
2-methyltetrahydrofuran80.27782
‡ CRC and Lange's disagree on this azeotrope, but web source corroborates CRC
<-- first column -->
! 2nd Component !! b.p. of
comp. (˚C) !! b.p. of
mixture (˚C) !! % by
weight !! spef.
grav
with various hydrocarbons
80.2 71.7 69
110.8 85.8 50
139.0 94.2 29.8
m-xylene[20] 139.0 92.8 28.2
143.6 95.5 26
138.4 ~95 30.0
36.2 34.2 90
68.9 60.6 72
98.5 78.2 56.5
125.8 90.5 37
with various alkyl halides
61.2 59.2 85
76.8 66.7 81.5
42.6 42.1 94
38.4 38.2 97
83.6 77.4 86
131.7 94.7 48.5
46.7 45.6 92
34.8 34.7 98.5
71.0 64.7 73
59.4 56.0 86
with various other solvents
46.3 42.6 83
! 2nd Component !! b.p. of
comp. (˚C) !! b.p. of
mixture (˚C) !! % by
weight !! spef.
grav
80.74 77.8 45.00.834
88.7 80.03 12.0
79.6 78.4 37.50.853
101.0 79.15 14.0
82.0 73.0 34.0
98.5 80.0 1
<-- second column -->
! 2nd Component !! b.p. of
comp. (˚C) !! b.p. of
mixture (˚C) !! % by
weight !! spef.
grav
with various solvents
212.6 186.1 53.5
254.9 192.0 36
164.6 156.0 87
218.1 183.9 49
110.8 110.2 93.5
139.0 135.6 85
144.4 139.6 84.0
131.7 129.8 96
210.9 185.9 41
132.0 130.1 5.6
179.3 167.0 70
205.1 193.1 44
153.9 150.5 89.5
202.1 185.7 48
184.4 180.6 76
191.1 189.6 73
! 2nd Component !! b.p. of
comp. (˚C) !! b.p. of
mixture (˚C) !! % by
weight !! spef.
grav
254.9 243.8 45
218.1 215.2 90
! 2nd Component !! b.p. of
comp. (˚C) !! b.p. of
mixture (˚C) !! % by
weight !! spef.
grav
46.3 39.3 67.01.04
61.2 64.7 80.01.268
80.74 53.0 33.0
68.8 49.8 41
56.5 55.0 40.0
76.8 56.2 11.9
! component 1 !! b.p.
comp. 1 (˚C) !! component 2 !! b.p.
comp. 2 (˚C) !!   !! b.p.
azeo. (˚C) !! % wt
comp. 1 !! % wt
comp. 2 !! spec.
grav.
acetaldehyde21.0diethyl ether34.620.576.024.00.762
–0.5 –7.0 16.0 84.0
acetamide222.0179.5 178.6 6.5 93.5
210.9 202.0 24.0 76.0
144.1 142.6 11.0 89.0
acetonitrile82.077.15 74.8 23.0 77.0
110.6 81.1 76.0 24.0
–86.6 –88.3 –94.5 40.7 59.3
184.4 191.5 191.3 8.0 92.0
carbon disulfide46.234.6 34.4 1.0 99.00.719
57.2 46.0 94.0 6.0
79.6 45.9 84.7 15.3 1.157
77.1 46.1 97 3
57.0 40.2 73 27
61.2 79.6 79.9 17.0 83.00.877
68.7 60.0 72.0 28.0 1.101
carbon tetrachloride76.879.9 73.8 71.0 29.0 1.247
84.0 75.3 78.0 22.0 1.500
77.1 74.8 57.0 43.0 1.202
cyclohexane80.7477.15 72.8 46.0 54.0
88.7 74.5 64.0 36.0
34.6 31.50 28.2 44.0 56.0
40 40.8 30 70
101.0 110.8 96.5 55.0 45.0
tetrahydrofuran65.661.2 72.5 34.5 65.5
69 63.0 46.5 53.5
110.63 115.3 110.2 78.0 22.0
2-methyltetrahydrofuran80.2none--
propylene glycol[21] 188.2184.4 179.5 43 57
144.4 135.8 10 90
110.6 110.5 1.5 98.5

Ternary azeotropes

Tables of various ternary azeotropes (that is azeotropes consisting of three components). Fraction percentages are given by weight.

! 2nd component !! b.p.
2nd comp. (˚C) !! 3rd component !! b.p.
3rd comp. (˚C) !!   !! b.p.
azeo. (˚C) !! % wt
1st !! % wt
2nd !! % wt
3rd !! spec.
grav
ethanol78.4 77.1 70.3 °C 7.8 9.0 83.20.901
80.8 62.1 7 17 76
80.2 64.9 7.4
U 1.3
L 43.1 		18.5
U 12.7
L 52.1 		74.1
U 86.0
L 4.8
U 0.866
L 0.892
61.2 55.5 3.5
U 80.8
L 0.5 		4.0
U 18.2
L 3.7 		92.5
U 1.0
L 95.8
U 0.976
L 1.441
carbon tetrachloride86.861.84.39.786.0
3.4
U 44.5
L <0.1 		10.3
U 48.5
L 5.2 		86.3
U 7.0
L 94.8
U 0.935
L 1.519
83.7 66.7 5 17 78
82.0 72.9 1.0 55.0 44.0
110.6 74.4 12.0
U 3.1
L 20.7 		37.0
U 15.6
L 54.8 		51.0
U 81.3
L 24.5
U 0.849
L 0.855
79.6 73.2 11.0 14.0 75.0 0.832
69.0 56.0 3.0
U 0.5
L 19.0 		12.0
U 3.0
L 75.0 		85.0
U 96.5
L 6.0
U 0.672
L 0.833
98.4 68.8 6.1
U 0.2
L 15.0 		33.0
U 5.0
L 75.9 		60.9
U 94.8
L 9.1
U 0.686
L 0.801
46.2 41.3 1.6 5.0 93.4
n-propanol97.280.8 66.6 8.5 10.0 81.5
80.2 68.5 8.6 9.0 82.4
76.8 65.4 5
U 84.9
L 1.0 		11
U 15.0
L 11.0 		84
U 0.1
L 88.0
U 0.979
L 1.436
102.2 81.2 20 20 60
101.6 82.2 21.0 19.5 59.5
Isopropyl alcohol82.5cyclohexane80.864.37.518.574.0
66.17.521.571.0
benzene80.2 °C66.57.518.773.8
65.7 °C 8.2
U 2.3
L 85.1 		19.8
U 20.2
L 14.4 		72.0
U 77.5
L 0.5
U 0.855
L 0.966
79.6 73.4 11.0 1.0 88.0 0.834
110.6 76.3 13.1
U 8.5
L 61.0 		38.2
U 38.2
L 38.0 		48.7
U 53.3
L 1.0
U 0.845
L 0.930
allyl alcohol97.069.0 59.7 5
U 0.5
L 64.4 		5
U 3.6
L 34.8 		90
U 95.9
L 0.8
U 0.668
L 0.964
80.2 68.2 8.6
U 0.6
L 80.9 		9.2
U 8.7
L 17.7 		82.2
U 90.7
L 0.4
U 0.877
L 0.985
80.8 66.2 8 11 81
76.8 65.2 5
U 71.7
L 0.8 		11
U 25.6
L 10.1 		84
U 2.7
L 89.1
U 0.777
L 1.464
benzene80.1acetonitrile82.066.08.268.523.3
79.6 68.2 8.8
U 0.6
L 94.7 		65.1
U 71.3
L 0.1 		26.1
U 28.1
L 5.2
U 0.858
L 0.992
methyl ethyl ketone79.6carbon tetrachloride76.865.73.0
U 94.4
L 0.1		22.2
U 5.5
L 22.6		74.8
U 0.1
L 77.3
U 0.993
L 1.313
81.0 63.6 5.0
U 0.6
L 89.9 		60.0
U 37.0
L 10.0 		35.0
U 62.4
L 0.1
U 0.769
L 0.98
chloroform61.2methanol64.6552.64.0
U 27.0
L 3.0		81.0
U 32.0
L 83.0		15.0
U 41.0
L 14.0
U 1.022
L 1.399
acetone‡56.560.44.057.638.4
‡Saddle azeotrope
! 2nd component !! b.p.
2nd comp. (˚C) !! 3rd component !! b.p.
3rd comp. (˚C) !!   !! b.p.
azeo. (˚C) !! % wt
1st !! % wt
2nd !! % wt
3rd !! spec.
grav
acetone56.5chloroform‡61.2 57.523.030.047.0
57.0 53.7 17.4 5.8 76.8 0.898
81.4 51.5 16.0 43.5 40.5
methyl acetate57.1carbon disulfide46.237.0
81.4 50.8 17.8 48.6 33.6
69.0 45.0 14.0 27.0 59.0 0.73
‡Saddle azeotrope

References

  1. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. pp. 1496–1505
  2. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 44th ed. pp. 2143–2184
  3. Book: Lee H. Horsley. Azeotropic Data—III. Advances in Chemistry Series No. 166. 1 June 1973. 116. American Chemical Society. 10.1021/ba-1973-0116. 9780841201668.
  4. Web site: Azeotrope Databank.
  5. Web site: What is an Azeotrope?. 24 March 2007. B/R Corporation. https://web.archive.org/web/20070424141816/http://www.solvent--recycling.com/azeotrope_1.html. 24 April 2007 . live.
  6. Web site: Separation of Azeotropic Mixtures: Tools for Analysis and Studies on Batch Distillation Operation . 24 March 2007 . Hilmen . Eva-Katrine . November 2000 . Norwegian University of Science and Technology, dept. of Chemical Engineering . https://web.archive.org/web/20040905010111/http://www.chemeng.ntnu.no/thesis/download/2000/hilmen/Thesis_Hilmen.pdf . 5 September 2004 . dead .
  7. Composition of Vapors from Boiling Binary Solutions J. J. Conti, D. F. Othmer, Roger Gilmont. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1960, 5 (3), pp. 301–307
  8. Web site: Binary Organic Azeotropes Useful for Solvent Cleaning . 13 February 2011 . John Durkee . November 2000 . metalfinishing.com .
  9. US4826576A. Separation of isopropyl acetate from isopropanol by extractive distillation. 1989-05-02. Berg. Yeh. Lloyd. An-I..
  10. Web site: Zeon Corporation . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722102229/http://www.zeon.co.jp/business_e/enterprise/spechemi/cpme_tec_sup_e_200906.pdf . 2011-07-22 . 2024-08-05.
  11. Web site: Modeling and optimization of pressure distillation to achieve pharma-grade THF.
  12. Web site: MeTHF training presentation . July 31, 2024.
  13. Merck Index of Chemicals and Drugs, 9th ed. monograph 4653
  14. Web site: Binary Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data. Chemical Engineering Research Information Center. Queriable database.
  15. Book: Rumble . John . CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 2020 . Taylor & Francis Group . 101 .
  16. Web site: Tetrahydrofuran (THF) Storage and Handling . https://web.archive.org/web/20050508225923/http://www.basf.com/diols/pdfs/thf_brochure.pdf . dead . 8 May 2005 . BASF . 24 May 2007 .
  17. Book: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th.
  18. US. US2530325. Azeotropic distillation of mesitylene from isophorone. 1950-11-14. 1950-11-14. 1949-08-11. Carl S Carlson.
  19. Web site: Azeotrope Databank. Ponton. Jack. September 2001. The Edinburgh Collection of Open Software for Simulation and Education, University of Edinburgh. Queriable database. https://web.archive.org/web/20070424062750/http://eweb.chemeng.ed.ac.uk/chem_eng/azeotrope_bank.html. 24 April 2007. dead. 24 March 2007.
  20. Reinders. W.. de Minjer. C. H.. 2010-09-03. Vapour-liquid equilibria in ternary systems. V. The system water-formic acid-metaxylene. Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas. en. 66. 9. 564–572. 10.1002/recl.19470660905.
  21. Web site: 1,2-Propanediol . ChemIndustry.ru . 2007-12-28 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071221191626/http://chemindustry.ru/1%2C2-Propanediol.php . 21 December 2007 . live .

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