| Carlo Azeglio Ciampi | |
| Order: | 10th |
| Office: | President of Italy |
| Primeminister: | Massimo D'Alema Giuliano Amato Silvio Berlusconi |
| Term Start: | 18 May 1999 |
| Term End: | 15 May 2006 |
| Predecessor: | Oscar Luigi Scalfaro |
| Successor: | Giorgio Napolitano |
| Office2: | Prime Minister of Italy |
| Term Start2: | 29 April 1993 |
| Term End2: | 11 May 1994 |
| Predecessor2: | Giuliano Amato |
| Successor2: | Silvio Berlusconi |
| President2: | Oscar Luigi Scalfaro |
| Order3: | Minister of Treasury, Budget and Economic Programming |
| Primeminister3: | Romano Prodi Massimo D'Alema |
| Term Start3: | 18 May 1996 |
| Term End3: | 13 May 1999 |
| Successor3: | Giuliano Amato |
| Order4: | Minister of the Interior |
| Primeminister4: | Himself |
| Term Start4: | 19 April 1994 |
| Term End4: | 10 May 1994 |
| Predecessor4: | Nicola Mancino |
| Successor4: | Roberto Maroni |
| Order5: | Minister of Tourism and Entertainment |
| Term Start5: | 28 April 1993 |
| Term End5: | 10 May 1994 |
| Primeminister5: | Himself |
| Successor5: | Domenico Fisichella |
| Predecessor5: | Margherita Boniver |
| Order6: | Governor of the Bank of Italy |
| Term Start6: | 8 October 1979 |
| Term End6: | 29 April 1993 |
| Predecessor6: | Paolo Baffi |
| Successor6: | Antonio Fazio |
| Order7: | Director General of the Bank of Italy |
| Term Start7: | 28 June 1978 |
| Term End7: | 8 October 1979 |
| Predecessor7: | Mario Ercolani |
| Successor7: | Lamberto Dini |
| Order8: | Member of the Senate of the Republic |
| Term Label8: | Life tenure |
| Term Start8: | 15 May 2006 |
| Term End8: | 16 September 2016 |
| 1Blankname8: | Status |
| 1Namedata8: | Ex officio |
| Birth Date: | 1920 12, df=y |
| Birth Place: | Livorno, Tuscany, Kingdom of Italy |
| Death Place: | Rome, Lazio, Italy |
| Alma Mater: | Scuola Normale of Pisa |
| Height: | 1.63m (05.35feet) |
| Children: | 2 |
| Party: | PdA (1943–1947) Independent (1947–2016)[1] |
| Signature: | Carlo Azeglio Ciampi signature.svg |
Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (pronounced as /it/; 9 December 1920[2] – 16 September 2016) was an Italian politician, statesman and banker who was the prime minister of Italy from 1993 to 1994 and the president of Italy from 1999 to 2006.
Ciampi was born in Livorno.[3] He received a B.A. in ancient Greek literature and classical philology in 1941 from the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, one of the country's most prestigious universities, defending a thesis, entitled Favorino d'Arelate e la consolazione Περὶ φυγῆς,[4] under the direction of the Hellenist Augusto Mancini. Then he was called to military duty in Albania as a lieutenant. On 8 September 1943, on the date of the armistice with the Allies, he refused to remain in the Fascist Italian Social Republic, and took refuge in Abruzzo, in Scanno. He subsequently managed to pass the lines and reach Bari, where he joined the Partito d'Azione and thus the Italian resistance movement. In 1946 he married Franca Pilla.[5] That same year, he obtained a B.A. in law from the University of Pisa and began working at the Banca d'Italia. He also joined the CGIL (Trade Union), which he left in 1980.
In 1960, he was called to work in the central administration of the Bank of Italy, where he became Secretary General in 1973, Vice Director General in 1976, and Director General in 1978. In October 1979, he was nominated Governor of the Bank of Italy and President of the national Bureau de Change, positions he filled until 1993.
Ciampi was the first non-parliamentarian prime minister of Italy in more than 100 years.[6] From April 1993 to May 1994 he oversaw a technical government. Later, as treasury minister from 1996 to May 1999 in the governments of Romano Prodi and Massimo D'Alema, he was credited with adopting the euro currency. He personally chose the Italian design for the 1-euro coin, whereas all others were left to a television vote among some candidates the ministry had prepared. Ciampi chose the Vitruvian Man of Leonardo da Vinci,[7] on the symbolic grounds that it represented man as a measure of all things, and in particular of the coin: in this perspective, money was at the service of man, instead of its opposite. The design also fitted very well on the bimetallic material of the coin.
According to the Italian weekly Famiglia Cristiana, in 1993 Ciampi was a member of the regular Masonic Lodge "Hermes" of Livorno which was affiliated to the Grand Orient of Italy and linked to the Rito Filosofico Italiano.[8]
See also: 1999 Italian presidential election. Ciampi was elected with a broad majority, and was the second president ever to be elected at the first ballot (when there is a requirement of a two-thirds majority) in a joint session of the Chamber of Deputies, the Italian Senate and representatives of the Regions. He usually refrained from intervening directly into the political debate while serving as president. He often addressed general issues, without mentioning their connection to the current political debate, in order to state his opinion without being too intrusive. His interventions frequently stressed the need for all parties to respect the constitution and observe the proprieties of political debate. He was generally held in high regard by all political forces represented in the parliament.
The possibility of persuading Ciampi to stand for a second term as president by the election 2006 – the so-called Ciampi-bis – was widely discussed, despite his advancing age, but it was officially dismissed by Ciampi himself on 3 May 2006: "None of the past nine presidents of the Republic has been re-elected. I think this has become a meaningful rule. It is better not to infringe it". Ciampi, whose mandate was due to expired on the 18th, resigned on the 15th. His successor, Giorgio Napolitano took the oath on the same day.
As head of state of the host country, he officially declared the 2006 Winter Olympics open, on 10 February 2006. As president, Ciampi was not considered to be close to the positions of the Vatican and the Catholic Church, in a sort of alternance after the devout Oscar Luigi Scalfaro. He often praised patriotism, not always a common feeling because of its abuse by the Italian Fascist regime.
He died in Rome on 16 September 2016 at the age of 95.[9] [10] [11] His funeral was officiated at the Church of San Saturnino in Rome on 19 September by Archbishop Vincenzo Paglia.[12] A national day of mourning was proclaimed on the same day and flags were flown at half-mast.
As President of the Italian Republic between 18 May 1999 and 15 May 2006, Ciampi held the roles of:
– Commander of the Legion of Honour (France)
– Great Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
– Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (Japan)
– Collar of the Order of the White Rose (Finland)
– Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (United Kingdom, 16 October 2000)
– Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
– Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav
– Grand Star of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria
– Grand Cross (or 1st Class) of the Order of the White Double Cross (Slovakia)[14]
– Grand Collar of the Order of Prince Henry (Portugal, 22 February 2002)
– Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Hungarian Republic
– Collar Pro Merito Melitensi of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta 2003: 
– Collar of the Order of the Star of Romania
– Honorary Recipient of the Order of the Crown of the Realm (Malaysia)[15]
– Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (Estonia)
– Commander Grand Cross with Chain of the Order of Three Stars (Latvia)
– Grand Cross of the Order of the Southern Cross (Brazil)|-|-