Azacosterol Explained

Azacosterol, or azacosterol hydrochloride (brand name Ornitrol), also known as 20,25-diazacholesterol, is a cholesterol-lowering drug (hypocholesteremic), which was marketed previously, but has since been discontinued.^{[1] [2] [3]} It is also an avian chemosterilant used to control pest pigeon populations via inducing sterility.^[4] The drug is a sterol and derivative of cholesterol in which two carbon atoms have been replaced with nitrogen atoms.^[5]

Azacosterol acts as an inhibitor of 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (24-DHCR), preventing the formation of cholesterol from desmosterol.^[6] Although it primarily acts to inhibit 24-DHCR, the drug also inhibits other steps in cholesterol biosynthesis. The antifertility effects of the drug in birds are mediated by inhibition of steroid hormone production, steroid hormones being synthesized from cholesterol. Due to prevention of the metabolism of desmosterol, the drug causes it to accumulate, in turn producing side effects such as hyperkeratosis, particularly of the palms and soles.

See also

• Desmosterolosis
• Triparanol
• X-linked ichthyosis

Notes and References

1. Book: Elks J . The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies. 14 November 2014. Springer. 978-1-4757-2085-3. 110–.
2. Book: Morton IK, Hall JM . Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties and Synonyms. 31 October 1999. Springer Science & Business Media. 978-0-7514-0499-9. 43–.
3. Book: William Andrew Publishing. Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia . 3rd . 22 October 2013. Elsevier. 978-0-8155-1856-3. 463–.
4. Singh H, Kapoor VK, Paul D . Heterosteroids and drug research . Progress in Medicinal Chemistry . 16 . 35–149 . January 1979 . 95596 . 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70187-5 . 9780720406672 .
5. Counsell RE, Klimstra PD, Ranney RE . Hypocholesterolemic Agents. III.1N-Methyl-N-(dialkylamino)alkyl-17β-aminoandrost-5-en-3β-ol Derivatives . Journal of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry . 91 . 6 . 1224–33 . November 1962 . 14056455 . 10.1021/jm01241a014 .
6. Book: Williams ML . Lipids in normal and pathological desquamation . Elias PM . Advances in Lipid Research: Skin Lipids. https://books.google.com/books?id=rTeaBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA218. 21 January 2016. Elsevier. 978-1-4832-1545-7. 218–220.