Ayrshire Explained

Ayrshire
Settlement Type:Historic county
Flag Size:150px
Flag Link:Flag of Ayrshire
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:Scotland
Seat Type:County town
Seat:Ayr
Unit Pref:UK
Area Total Km2:2,924
Area Note:Ranked 7th of 34
Population Density Km2:auto
Postal Code Type:Chapman code
Postal Code:AYR

Ayrshire (Gaelic; Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Inbhir Àir, in Gaelic; Scottish Gaelic pronounced as /ˈʃirˠəxk iɲiˈɾʲaːɾʲ/) is a historic county and registration county, in south-west Scotland, located on the shores of the Firth of Clyde. The lieutenancy area of Ayrshire and Arran covers the entirety of the historic county as well as the island of Arran, formerly part of the historic county of Buteshire. Its principal towns include Ayr, Kilmarnock and Irvine and it borders the counties of Renfrewshire and Lanarkshire to the north-east, Dumfriesshire to the south-east, and Kirkcudbrightshire and Wigtownshire to the south. Like many other counties of Scotland, it currently has no administrative function, instead being sub-divided into the council areas of East Ayrshire, North Ayrshire and South Ayrshire. It has a population of approximately 366,800.

The electoral and valuation area named Ayrshire covers the three council areas of East Ayrshire, North Ayrshire and South Ayrshire, therefore covering the whole historic county of Ayrshire but also including the Isle of Arran, Great Cumbrae and Little Cumbrae from the historic county of Buteshire. The three council areas together also form the Ayrshire and Arran lieutenancy area.

The largest settlement in Ayrshire by population is Kilmarnock, closely followed by Ayr, the county town.

Geography

Ayrshire is roughly crescent-shaped and is a predominantly flat county with areas of low hills; it forms part of the Southern Uplands geographic region of Scotland. The north of the county contains the main towns and bulk of the population. East of Largs can be found the Renfrewshire Heights, which continue south to the hill-country around Blae Loch.

Southern Ayrshire shares with the Galloway counties some rugged hill country known as the Galloway Hills. These hills lie to the west of the A713 (Ayr to Castle Douglas road) and they run south from the Loch Doon area almost to the Solway Firth. To the east of this route through the hills lie the Carsphairn and Scaur Hills which lie to the south east of Dalmellington and south of New Cumnock. Glen Afton runs deep into these hills.

Ayrshire is one of the most agriculturally fertile regions of Scotland. Potatoes are grown in fields near the coast, using seaweed-based fertiliser, and in addition the region produces pork products, other root vegetables, and cattle (see below);[1] and summer berries such as strawberries are grown abundantly.

A number of small islands in the Firth of Clyde are part of Ayrshire, the chief of these being Horse Isle, Lady Isle and Ailsa Craig.

Rivers

The main rivers flowing to the Clyde coast are, from north to south, the following:

History

The area that today forms Ayrshire was part of the area south of the Antonine Wall which was briefly occupied by the Romans during the reign of Emperor Antoninus Pius (see: Roman Britain#Occupation and retreat from southern Scotland). It was inhabited by the Damnonii, who are presumed to have been Britons. Later, it formed part of the British Kingdom of Strathclyde, which was incorporated into the Kingdom of Scotland during the 11th century. In 1263, the Scots successfully drove off the Norwegian leidang-army in a skirmish known as the Battle of Largs.

A notable historic building in Ayrshire is Turnberry Castle, which dates from the 13th century or earlier, and which may have been the birthplace of Robert the Bruce.

The historic shire or sheriffdom of Ayr was divided into three districts or bailieries which later made up the county of Ayrshire. The three districts were:

The area used to be heavily industrialised, with steel making, coal mining and in Kilmarnock numerous examples of production-line manufacturing, most famously Johnnie Walker whisky. In more recent history, Digital Equipment had a large manufacturing plant near Ayr from about 1976 until the company was taken over by Compaq in 1998. Some supplier companies grew up to service this site and the more distant IBM plant at Greenock in Renfrewshire. Scotland's aviation industry has long been based in and around Prestwick and its international airport, and although aircraft manufacture ceased at the former British Aerospace plant in 1998, a significant number of aviation companies are still based on the Prestwick site. However, unemployment in the region (excluding the more rural South Ayrshire) is above the national average.

Throughout the 17th century, huge numbers of people from Ayrshire moved to Ulster, the northern province in Ireland, as part of the Plantation of Ulster, many of them with surnames such as Burns, Hamilton, Morrow, Stewart, Flanagan, Kennedy and Cunningham. Today, the Ulster Scots dialect is largely an offshoot of the version of Lowland Scots spoken in Ayrshire. The Ulster Scots dialect is still widely spoken throughout County Antrim and in parts of County Down and County Londonderry, as well as still being widely spoken in West Tír Eoghain and parts of County Donegal (chiefly East Donegal and Inishowen).

Local government

See also: Local government of Scotland. Commissioners of Supply were created in 1667 for each shire, and formed the main administrative body for the area until county councils were created in 1890 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889. The 1889 act also led to a review of boundaries of many of Scotland's counties; in the case of Ayrshire the two parishes of Beith and Dunlop, which had both straddled Ayrshire and Renfrewshire, were brought entirely within Ayrshire.[5] The burghs of Ayr and Kilmarnock were both excluded from the area controlled by the county council when it was created in 1890, being deemed capable of running their own services.[6] [7]

In 1930 the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929 was implemented. This brought Ayr and Kilmarnock under the control of the county council, and re-designated all burghs as either large burghs or small burghs. Ayr and Kilmarnock were both classed as large burghs, allowing them to retain control of many functions, whilst the county's other burghs were all classed as small burghs, ceding many functions to the county council. The 1929 act also abolished the parish councils. In Ayrshire in excess of 30 parishes were consolidated into ten district councils. The District Councils were Ayr, Cumnock, Dalmellington, Girvan, Irvine, Kilbirnie, Kilmarnock, Maybole, Troon and Saltcoats. Ayrshire County Council was based at County Buildings in Wellington Square in Ayr.

In May 1975 the county council was abolished and its functions were transferred to Strathclyde Regional Council. The county area was divided between four new districts within the two-tier Strathclyde region: Cumnock and Doon Valley, Cunninghame, Kilmarnock and Loudoun and Kyle and Carrick. The Cunninghame district included the Isle of Arran, Great Cumbrae and Little Cumbrae, which had until then been administered as part of the County of Bute.[8] For lieutenancy purposes, the last lord-lieutenant of the county of Ayrshire was made lord-lieutenant for the combined area of the four districts when the reforms came into effect in 1975, with the lieutenancy area being renamed Ayrshire and Arran in 1996.[9] [10]

In 1996 the two-tier system of regions and districts was abolished and Ayrshire was divided between the unitary council areas of East Ayrshire (covering the area of the former Kilmarnock & Loudoun District and Cumnock & Doon Valley District), North Ayrshire (covering the area of the former Cunninghame District Council) and South Ayrshire (covering the area of the former Kyle and Carrick District).[11]

The boundaries of the historic county of Ayrshire are still used for some limited official purposes connected with land registration, being a registration county.[12]

Parliamentary constituencies

There was an Ayrshire constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1708 to 1801 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 until 1868, when the constituency was divided into Ayrshire North and Ayrshire South.[13]

During the whole of the 1708 to 1868 period, and until 1950, the burghs of Ayr and Irvine were parliamentary burghs, represented as components of Ayr Burghs. In 1832 Kilmarnock became a parliamentary burgh, to be represented as a component of Kilmarnock Burghs until 1918. Ayr Burghs and Kilmarnock Burghs were districts of burghs, and quite different in character from later Ayr and Kilmarnock constituencies.

From 1918 to 1983 Ayrshire and Buteshire were treated as if a single area for purposes of parliamentary representation, with their combined area being divided into different constituencies at different times. Scottish local government counties were abolished in 1975, in favour of regions and districts, but the next reform of constituency boundaries was not until 1983.

Constituencies covering Ayrshire may be listed by periods as below, but the story is somewhat more complicated than the lists may imply: until 1918, Ayr Burghs and Kilmarnock Burghs included burghs lying outside both Ayrshire and Buteshire; a particular constituency name may represent different boundaries in different periods; in 1974, there were boundary changes without the creation of any new constituency names.

PeriodConstituencies
1708 to 1832Ayrshire and Ayr Burghs
1832 to 1868Ayrshire, Kilmarnock Burghs and Ayr Burghs
1868 to 1918North Ayrshire, Kilmarnock Burghs, Ayr Burghs and South Ayrshire
1918 to 1950Bute and Northern Ayrshire, Kilmarnock, Ayr Burghs and South Ayrshire
1950 to 1983Bute and Northern Ayrshire, Central Ayrshire, Kilmarnock, Ayr and South Ayrshire

Transport

A number of railway lines connect the towns of northern Ayrshire to each other and also to Glasgow, as well as south to Stranraer and south-east to Dumfries.

Ferries link Ayrshire to the islands of Arran and Great Cumbrae in Buteshire.

Glasgow Prestwick International Airport, serving Glasgow and the west of Scotland more generally, is located 32miles away from Glasgow in Ayrshire; it provides various passenger flights to Spain, Portugal, Italy and Poland.[14] The name Glasgow was added in front of Prestwick as per American military airport naming conventions, as the airport was in the past oft-used as a stopover by US military personnel on their way to and from military bases in Germany. Moreover, it is known in rock history as the only place in Britain visited by Elvis Presley, on his way home from army service in Germany in 1960.[15] [16]

Towns and villages in Ayrshire

Places of interest

People from Ayrshire

Sports

See also

External links

55.5°N -34°W

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Farms in Ayrshire - numbers, types and income: FOI release . www.gov.scot . Scottish Government . 26 October 2022 . en.
  2. Book: Douglas, William Scott . 1874 . In Ayrshire; a descriptive picture of the County of Ayr, with relative notes on interesting local subjects, chiefly derived during a recent personal tour . Kilmarnock M'Kie & Drennan . 2.
  3. Ayrshire . 3 . 74-76.
  4. Book: Murray, David . 1924 . Early burgh organization in Scotland: as illustrated in the history of Glasgow and of some neighbouring burghs . 2 . Maclehose, Jackson & Co..
  5. Book: Shennan . Hay . Boundaries of counties and parishes in Scotland as settled by the Boundary Commissioners under the Local Government (Scotland) Act, 1889 . 1892 . W. Green . Edinburgh . 296 . 30 December 2022.
  6. [Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889]
  7. News: Notes on local and current topics . 30 December 2022 . Irvine Herald . 24 January 1890 . 4.
  8. act. Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973. 1973. 65. 24 December 2022.
  9. si. The Lord-Lieutenants Order 1975. 1975. 428. 30 December 2022.
  10. si. The Lord-Lieutenants (Scotland) Order 1996. 1996. 731. 30 December 2022.
  11. act. Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994. 1994. 39. 30 December 2022.
  12. Web site: Land Mass Coverage Report . Registers of Scotland . 2015-05-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232505/https://www.ros.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/14921/LandMassCoverageReport2015-proofed.pdf . 3 March 2016 . dead .
  13. Web site: Cheffins . Richard H. A. . Parliamentary constituencies and their registers since 1832 . British Library . 40.
  14. http://www.glasgowprestwick.com/flight-and-passenger-info/flight-information/route-map.html glasgowprestwick.com - Destination Map
  15. Web site: Elvis anniversary: Blue suede shoes and bobby socks . BBC . 3 March 2010 . 8 January 2015.
  16. Web site: Were you there when Elvis landed in Prestwick?. maybole.org.
  17. Book: Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607-1896 . Marquis Who's Who . Chicago . 1963.
  18. Euan Robson, George Houston: Nature's Limner (Atelier Books: Edinburgh, 1997).
  19. Web site: Kris Boyd Profile . 2023-01-14 . www.eurosport.com.
  20. Web site: Kirk Broadfoot Profile . 2023-01-14 . www.eurosport.com.
  21. Web site: Craig Burley Scotland Scottish FA . 2023-01-14 . www.scottishfa.co.uk.
  22. Web site: George Burley Scotland Scottish FA . 2023-01-14 . www.scottishfa.co.uk.
  23. Web site: Paul Caddis Profile . 2023-01-16 . www.eurosport.com.
  24. Web site: A tribute to Cumnock's finest player Eric Caldow and his amazing career . 2023-01-16 . Cumnock Chronicle . en.
  25. Web site: Do You Remember ? Paul Clarke 1974-86 . 2023-01-16 . www.killiefc.com . en.
  26. Web site: Craig Conway Profile . 2023-01-16 . www.eurosport.com.
  27. Web site: 2023-04-01 . Stewarton woman recognised by council for 'enormous contribution' to women's football . 2023-10-21 . Irvine Times . en.
  28. Web site: Erin Cuthbert . 2023-10-21 . www.chelseafc.com . en-gb.
  29. Web site: https://www.scotsman.com/sport/football/who-is-ben-doak-scotland-euro-2024-wildcard-dubbed-tasmanian-devil-and-his-journey-from-celtic-to-liverpool-4638546 .
  30. Web site: Billy Dodds Scotland Scottish FA . 2023-01-16 . www.scottishfa.co.uk.
  31. Web site: Kris Doolan Profile . 2023-01-16 . www.eurosport.com.
  32. Web site: 2018-10-25 . Top honour for Kilwinning footballer . 2023-10-21 . Ardrossan and Saltcoats Herald . en.
  33. Web site: Alan Forrest Profile . 2023-01-14 . www.eurosport.com.
  34. Web site: James Forrest Profile . 2023-01-14 . www.eurosport.com.
  35. Web site: Billy Gilmour Profile . 2023-01-14 . www.eurosport.com.
  36. Web site: Jamie Hamill Profile . 2023-01-16 . www.eurosport.com.
  37. Web site: Garry Hay Former Players . 2023-01-16 . www.killiefc.com . en.
  38. Web site: Jack Hendry: Press-ups before bed has helped me push my way into Celtic and Scotland sides . 2023-01-16 . HeraldScotland . en.
  39. Web site: Gary Holt Profile . 2023-01-16 . www.eurosport.com.
  40. Web site: Life and times of Lou Macari . 2023-01-14 . Largs and Millport Weekly News . en.
  41. Web site: Robby McCrorie Profile . 2023-01-16 . www.eurosport.com.
  42. Web site: Scotland - R. McCrorie - Profile with news, career statistics and history - Soccerway . 2023-01-16 . uk.soccerway.com.
  43. Web site: Scotland - A. McInally - Profile with news, career statistics and history - Soccerway . 2023-01-14 . uk.soccerway.com.
  44. Web site: Rory McKenzie Profile . 2023-01-16 . www.eurosport.com.
  45. Web site: Gordon McQueen Scotland Scottish FA . 2023-01-14 . www.scottishfa.co.uk.
  46. Web site: Steven Naismith Profile . 2023-01-14 . www.eurosport.com.
  47. Web site: Jamie Ness Profile . 2023-01-16 . www.eurosport.com.
  48. Web site: Steve Nicol Profile . 2023-01-14 . www.eurosport.com.
  49. Web site: 2014-10-03 . Cycle-pathic: me and my bike, Graeme Obree . 2023-10-21 . The Herald . en.
  50. Web site: 2021-08-04 . Beith’s Jemma Reekie finishes fourth in Tokyo Olympics 800m . 2023-10-21 . Ardrossan and Saltcoats Herald . en.
  51. Web site: ROSE REILLY MBE . 2023-10-21 . Scottish Sports Hall of Fame . en.
  52. Web site: Craig Samson Former Players . 2023-01-16 . www.killiefc.com . en.
  53. Web site: Scotland - R. Stevenson - Profile with news, career statistics and history - Soccerway . 2023-01-16 . int.soccerway.com.
  54. Web site: Scotland - R. Stewart - Profile with news, career statistics and history - Soccerway . 2023-01-16 . uk.soccerway.com.
  55. Web site: Gordon Smith Profile . 2023-01-16 . www.eurosport.com.
  56. Web site: 2023-12-07 . Who is David Watson? The 'Prestwick Pirlo' rising to the top . 2024-05-23 . Ayr Advertiser . en.