Ayşe Hümaşah Sultan Explained
Ayşe Hümaşah Sultan[2] (Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928);: عایشه سلطان; "womanly" and "Şah's phoenix"; 1541 – 1598) was an Ottoman princess, the only daughter of Mihrimah Sultan and Rüstem Pasha (Grand Vizier 1544–53, 1555–61). She was the granddaughter of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) and his legal wife Hürrem Sultan.
Early life
Ayşe Humaşah Sultan[3] was born in 1541 in Istanbul.[4] Her father was Rüstem Pasha, a devshirme from Croatia,[5] and her mother was Mihrimah Sultan, the daughter of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and Hürrem Sultan. She was the only daughter of her parents, but she had at least a younger brother, Sultanzade Osman Bey.[4] Like her cousin Hümaşah Sultan, she was reportedly beloved by her grandfather. A sign of her grandfather's favour towards her can be seen from her title: Ayşe Hümaşah was in fact titled Sultan as the daughters of the male members of the dynasty, rather than with the inferior title of Hanımsultan as the daughter of the female members. Consequently, her sons and daughters, who as great-grandchildren in the female line of a Sultan should have neither titles nor be considered members of the imperial family, were instead entitled to the titles of Sultanzade for males and Hanımsultan for females, as was rule for the children of a Sultana.[6] Ayşe, her mother, and her cousin would all imitate the communication style ushered in by her grandmother Hürrem, whose letters to the Sultan are known for their colourfulness, charm, and smoothness.[7]
First marriage
Ayşe married three times. Her first husband was the future Grand vizier, Semiz Ahmed Pasha.[8] They married on 27 November 1557,[9] when she was sixteen. The two together had ten children.[10] [4] Her mother used to send two thousand ducats to the couple every week.[4] Semiz Ahmed Pasha became grand vizier in 1579 until his death on 27 April 1580.[9]
Second marriage
After Ahmed's death, Ayşe married Feridun Ahmed Bey, who had served twice as the head scribe of the imperial chancery.[11] The marriage took place on 7 April 1582.[12] Kizlar Agha Mehmed Agha, served as her agent, while Miralem Mahmud Agha served as Feridun Pasha's agent. The marriage was performed by Sheikh-ul-Islam Çivizade Hacı Mehmet Efendi. Her dowry was thirty five thousand gold coins.[13] [14] The marriage, however, lasted only eleven months because the pasha died on 16 March 1583.[15]
Third marriage
In 1590; Ayşe Hümaşah married for the third time to Mahmud Hudayi Pasha. This marriage ended with her own death in 1598.
Political affairs
After her mother's death in 1578, the Ragusans turned to her, with a petition to act in their favour and support them in a manner her mother did, whose death they mourned deeply. In fact, all of this they reported to Behram Kethüda, who by sultan's order was to attend to Ayşe after Mihrimah's death. She and her husband Semiz Pasha shared disposition towards the Ragusans. When her son Mehmed Bey was installed as sancakbey of Herzegovina in 1592, she soon wrote him a letter of recommendation for the Ragusans.[16] In 1591, she proposed to pay the expenses of one hundred galleys for six months, if her son-in-law Çiğalazade Sinan Pasha was made Kapudan Pasha.[17] According to the French ambassador Jacques de Germigny, Ayşe formed a political faction with Safiye Sultan to oppose Nurbanu Sultan and her allies.[18]
Last years
In 1595, Ayşe Sultan went for a pilgrimage.[19] In 1598, she commissioned a fountain in Üsküdar.[20] She died in 1598 and she was buried in the complex of Aziz Mahmud Hudayi, Üsküdar.[10]
Issue
Ayşe Humaşah had ten children by her first husband, five sons and five daughters:
Sons
- Sultanzade Mahmud Pasha (died 1602 buried in the Mihrimah Sultan Mosque) Sanjak-bey of Kastamonu and Nakhchivan sanjak-bey of Şebinkarahisar;[10] [21]
- Sultanzade Mehmed Bey (died 1593), sanjak-bey of Herzegovina;[10] [22] [16] [23]
- Sultanzade Şehid Mustafa Pasha (died 1593), sanjak-bey of Klis;[22] [23]
- Sultanzade Osman Bey (died 1590/1591, buried in Mihrimah Sultan Mosque), sanjak-bey of Şebinkarahisar;[10]
- Sultanzade Abdurrahman Bey, (died in 1597),[19] buried in Mihrimah Sultan Mosque),[10] married his niece Ayşe Hanım, daughter of his sister Saliha and Cığalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha, and had a son, Semiz Mehmed Pasha;
Daughters
- Saliha Hanımsultan[4] (1561–1580)[16] married in October 1576 to Cığalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha.[24] [4] Mihrimah Sultan spent 70.000 gold coins for her wedding. They had a son, Cağaloğlu Mahmud Pasha (died in 1643, who married two daughters of Sultan Mehmed III, first on 10 February 1612 Hatice Sultan, and after her death in 1613 her half-sister Hümaşah Sultan, in October 1613), and a daughter, Ayşe Hanım (who married her maternal uncle Sultanzade Abdurrahman Bey and had a son, Semiz Mehmed Pasha).
- Safiye Hanımsultan. In March 1581, after her older sister Saliha's death in 1580, she married to Cığalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha.[17] [24] They had two sons, Mehmed Bey and Hüseyn Bey, and a daughter.
- Hatice Hanımsultan, married Kapıcıbaşı Mahmud Bey in December 1584. Mahmud was initially supposed to marry Ayşe Sultan, granddaughter of his patroness Nurbanu Sultan, but after Nurbanu's death in 1583, the bride's mother, Safiye, married him to Hatice instead, so that she could marry her daughter to a candidate of her choice.
- Ayşe Hanımsultan.
- Fatma Hanımsultan, married in March 1596 to Yemenli Hasan Pasha. She had two sons and a daughter.
In popular culture
- In the 2011–2014 TV series Muhteşem Yüzyıl, Ayşe Sultan is portrayed by Kayra Aleyna Zabcı.[25]
Notes and References
- Yüksel Özemre, Ahmed (2021). Hasretini çektiğim Üsküdar, p. 25.
- Peirce, L. (2018). Empress of the East: How a Slave Girl Became Queen of the Ottoman Empire. Regno Unito: Icon Books.
- Book: Hans Georg Majer . Arts, women and, scholars . Sabine Prätor . Christoph K. Neumann . Simurg . 2002 . 978-975-7172-64-2 . 105 . Ayşe Sultan duhter-i hazret-i Mihrümāh Sulțān el-mezbūre zevce-i Ahmed Paşa.
- Zahit . Atçıl . Osmanlı Hanedanının Evlilik Politikaları ve Mihrimah Sultan'ın Evliliği . Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergis . 34 . 2020 . 1–26.
- Book: Vovchenko, Denis. Oxford University Press. 978-0-19-061291-7. Containing Balkan Nationalism: Imperial Russia and Ottoman Christians, 1856-1914. 2016-07-18 . 32.
- Book: Tezcan, Hülya . Osmanlı çocukları: şehzadeler ve hanım sultanların yaşlamarı ve giysileri . Aygaz Yayınları . 2006 . 978-9-759-83723-5 . Istanbul. 31.
- Book: Sakaoğlu, Necdet. Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak Yayıncılık. 2008. 978-9-753-29623-6. 180.
- Book: Haskan, Mehmet Nermi . Yüzyıllar boyunca Üsküdar . Üsküdar Belediyesi . 2001 . 978-975-97606-2-5 . Üsküdar Araştırmaları Merkezi . Üsküdar-İstanbul . 532 . tr.
- Web site: SEMİZ AHMED PAŞA . TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi . tr . 2021-04-26.
- Book: Mehmet Nermi Haskan. Yüzyıllar boyunca Üsküdar. 2001. Üsküdar Belediyesi. 978-975-97606-2-5. 532.
- Book: Ga ́bor A ́goston. Bruce Alan Masters. Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. 21 May 2010. Infobase Publishing. 978-1-4381-1025-7. 536.
- Book: Selânikı̂ Mustafa Efendi. A Year in Selânikî's History : 1593-4. 1984. Indiana University. 8.
- Web site: Selânik Mustafa Efendi . Tarih-i Selâniki . Internet Archive . 2021-05-13 . 163.
- Book: Enver Behnan Şapolyo. Osmanlı sultanları tarihi. 1961. R. Zaimler Yayınevı. 207.
- Web site: FERİDUN AHMED BEY . TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi . tr . 2021-04-26.
- Miović . Vesna . Per favore della Soltana: moćne osmanske žene i dubrovački diplomati . Anali Zavoda Za Povijesne Znanosti Hrvatske Akademije Znanosti i Umjetnosti U Dubrovniku . 56/1 . 2018-05-02 . 56 . 1330-0598 . 10.21857/mwo1vczp2y . 147–197 . hr . free .
- Book: Pedani, Maria Pia. Tucica, Volume 32: Safiye's Household and Venetian Diplomacy. 2000. 18 and n. 29, 29.
- Book: Pinar Kayaalp. The Empress Nurbanu and Ottoman Politics in the Sixteenth Century: Building the Atik Valide. 9 April 2018. Taylor & Francis. 978-1-351-59661-9. 32, 45 n. 125.
- Book: Üsküdar Sempozyumu I, 23-25 Mayıs 2003: bildiriler. 2004. Üsküdar Belediyesi. 978-975-97606-8-7. 140.
- Book: Mehmet Nermi Haskan. Yüzyıllar boyunca Üsküdar. 2001. Üsküdar Belediyesi. 978-975-97606-3-2. 1045–46.
- Web site: SEMİZ AHMED PAŞA . TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi . tr . 2021-04-26.
- Book: Gábor Ágoston. The Last Muslim Conquest: The Ottoman Empire and Its Wars in Europe. 22 June 2021. Princeton University Press. 978-0-691-15932-4. 249, 569 n. 57.
- Book: Ágoston, G. . The Last Muslim Conquest: The Ottoman Empire and Its Wars in Europe . Princeton University Press . 2023 . 978-0-691-20539-7 . 249.
- Merve. Biçer. Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha: A 16th Century Ottoman Comvert in the Mediterranean World. Department of History İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University, Ankara. 2014. Master Thesis. 48–49.
- Web site: Muhteşem Yüzyıl - Ayşe Hümaşah Sultan - Kayra Aleyna Zabcı Kimdir (Gerçek İsmi, Rolü, Öldü mü, Ayrıldı mı) . Dizisi . tr . 2021-04-27.
