| Arutane–Sape | |
| Also Known As: | Kalianan |
| Acceptance: | defunct? |
| Familycolor: | American |
| Child1: | Arutani |
| Child2: | Sape |
| Child3: | ? Máku |
| Glotto: | none |
| Map: | Arutani-Sape.png |
| Mapcaption: | Documented location of Arutani–Sapé languages, the two most southern spots are Arutani villages, the northern one is Sapé location. |
Arutani–Sape, also known as Awake–Kaliana or Kalianan, is a proposed language family[1] that includes two of the most poorly documented languages in South America, both of which are now extinct. They are at best only distantly related. Kaufman (1990) found a connection convincing, but Migliazza & Campbell (1988) maintained that there is no evidence for linking them.[2] The two languages are,
Kaufman (1990) states that a further connection with Máku (Maku of Roraima/Auari) is "promising". (See Macro-Puinavean languages.)
Migliazza (1978) gives the following Swadesh list table for Uruak, Sape, and Máku ("Maku"):[5]
| no. | gloss | Máku | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | maykate/ma-/tsa- | mɨ | teːne | |
| 2 | thou | kaykate/ka- | kapɨ | eːne | |
| 3 | we | materya | mɨyono | teːkene | |
| 4 | this | kiʔa | tɨsa | ki | |
| 5 | that | ayta | tɨsami | kwa | |
| 6 | who | maʔayokə | pante | toči | |
| 7 | what | maya | pemente | čini | |
| 8 | not | ãʔãy | atsam/ɨka | laʔa | |
| 9 | all | kitate | kawen | peʔtaka | |
| 10 | many | kaʔtyaw | kawen | eːsuʔu | |
| 11 | one | kyoana/kyano | koka | nokuðamu | |
| 12 | two | komana | kɨrya | baʔta | |
| 13 | big | kwaya | konən | bote | |
| 14 | long | šawi | karya | kaxi | |
| 15 | small | sikipi | to | kudi | |
| 16 | woman | kari | kapay | neːlabə | |
| 17 | man | maʔkya | kwa | laːsəba | |
| 18 | person | kina | kamon | dzoʔkude | |
| 19 | fish | kotom | pə | meʔkəsa | |
| 20 | bird | yopsa | čam | iːduba | |
| 21 | dog | toari | to | dzoʔwi | |
| 22 | louse | koʔka | čo | iːne | |
| 23 | tree | šapi | tapa | oːba | |
| 24 | seed | kuka | ku | küːte | |
| 25 | leaf | aña | muyra | deːmu | |
| 26 | root | aša | tu | leːmekeči | |
| 27 | bark | kõhã | kui/kuy | čiːmu | |
| 28 | skin | kõhã | kuy | čːmu | |
| 29 | flesh | mitsa | mɨan | muči | |
| 30 | blood | kaña | tsom | leːme | |
| 31 | bone | mo | wina | aːmu | |
| 32 | grease | wiñaya | kun | eːkünü | |
| 33 | egg | kokama | kupi | küʔte | |
| 34 | horn | širipya | wina | eːkatso | |
| 35 | tail | mašya | upi | neːto | |
| 36 | feather | oša | ičam upa | kuːte | |
| 37 | hair | oša | pa | kuːte | |
| 38 | head | kwate | moynaku | keːte | |
| 39 | ear | watika | awi | čikaʔte | |
| 40 | eye | kohap | amku | sukute | |
| 41 | nose | wa/kwa | ayku | pi | |
| 42 | mouth | maʔa | itu | wɨːči | |
| 43 | tooth | ka | pɨka | wuːmu | |
| 44 | tongue | takõhã | matu | duːte | |
| 45 | claw | šopti | ičam aypa | sukuči | |
| 46 | foot | šate | ikora | basuku | |
| 47 | knee | korokopsa | mɨney | basəkate | |
| 48 | hand | maša/mama | piča apa | suku | |
| 49 | belly | tsya | tukuy | sɨkɨči | |
| 50 | neck | šoropaña | pokoy | lipite | |
| 51 | breasts | kotsa | wi | čüčü | |
| 52 | heart | kirakote | pokowi | səbuku | |
| 53 | liver | ika | mapi | iːsa | |
| 54 | drink | oyta/ayta | pe | mi | |
| 55 | eat | pa/kapa | ko/ku | ki | |
| 56 | bite | psa/pasa | pu | bü | |
| 57 | see | kina | mow | ku | |
| 58 | hear | ko | man | ne | |
| 59 | know | kina | mow | nimi | |
| 60 | sleep | anə | paku/ku | we | |
| 61 | die | atay | siya | kinə | |
| 62 | kill | rio (beat) | kaya | šipinu | |
| 63 | swim | ša | pə | lawa | |
| 64 | fly | šan | karu | nü | |
| 65 | walk | ma | paru | te | |
| 66 | come | mana | ma | na | |
| 67 | lie down | kio/taa | pɨre | ða | |
| 68 | sit | naka | maye | sɨkɨ | |
| 69 | stand | kara | pa | kəy | |
| 70 | give | matso | emeyma | se | |
| 71 | say | mataka/tsama | mo | šini/šibu | |
| 72 | sun | uši | ñam | keʔle | |
| 73 | moon | aʔtap | tapo | ya | |
| 74 | star | okihat | ñayino | ðaoku | |
| 75 | water | akohã | nam | naʔme | |
| 76 | rain | akohã | nam posoe | naʔme | |
| 77 | stone | muka | takuypa | liːne | |
| 78 | sand | iñãkosa | inoku | lunükü | |
| 79 | earth | iñã | inokučin | boʔte | |
| 80 | cloud | karapaso | usəyna | sapənawi | |
| 81 | smoke | šana | yui | čipe | |
| 82 | fire | ani | šoko | nühẽ | |
| 83 | ash | šoni | tukutu | meːte | |
| 84 | burn | asipa | šoko | we/niʔ | |
| 85 | path | aʔma | mu | iːkilu | |
| 86 | mountain | piʔa | takwa | wiːke | |
| 87 | red | araʔwi | ayña | leme | |
| 88 | green | atehe | šanurua | nüčü | |
| 89 | yellow | pišio | pusia | kaləmadə | |
| 90 | white | araway | sae | kaləmate | |
| 91 | black | sipan/soson | tsaiña | kabi/weʔči | |
| 92 | night | tose | useyna | iːkisu | |
| 93 | hot | kuri | ɨrɨa | we | |
| 94 | cold | roma/kima | unkoya | antsu/mihu | |
| 95 | full | topi | ukwa | suku | |
| 96 | new | koma | yenkoña | asi | |
| 97 | good | taseri | amayñakoa | kuduma/eːdi | |
| 98 | round | siari | način | kuməsa | |
| 99 | dry | šona | patokwa | kaːte | |
| 100 | name | rawi | marua | entse |