| Avtar Singh Sandhu | |
| Birth Date: | 1950 9, df=yes |
| Birth Place: | Talwandi Salem, Jalandhar, Punjab |
| Death Place: | Talwandi Salem, Jalandhar, Punjab |
| Death Cause: | Assassination |
| Citizenship: | India |
| Nationality: | Indian |
| Other Names: | Pash |
| Occupation: | Poet |
| Organization: | Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) |
Pash (9 September 1950 – 23 March 1988) was the pen name of Avtar Singh Sandhu,[1] one of the major poets in the Punjabi literature of the 1970s. He was killed by extremists on 23 March 1988.[2] His strongly left-wing views were reflected in his poetry.
Pash was born as Avtar Singh Sandhu in 1950 in a small village called Talwandi Salem in Jalandhar district of Punjab, in a middle-class farmers family. His father Sohan Singh Sandhu was a soldier in the Indian army who also composed poetry as a hobby. Pash grew up in the midst of the Naxalite movement, a revolutionary movement waged in Punjab against the landlords, industrialists, traders, etc. who control the means of production. This was in the midst of the Green revolution which had addressed India's problem of famine using high yield crops, but had also unconsciously led to other forms of inequities in Punjab.[3]
In 1970, he published his first book of revolutionary poems, Loh-Katha (Iron Tale), at the age of 18. His militant and provocative tone raised the ire of the establishment and a murder charge was soon brought against him. He spent nearly two years in jail, before being finally acquitted.
On acquittal, the 22-year-old became involved in Punjab's Maoist front, editing a literary magazine, Siarh (The Plow Line) and in 1973 Pash founded 'Punjabi Sahit Te Sabhiachar Manch' (Punjabi Literature and Culture Forum). He became a popular political figure on the Left during this period and was awarded a fellowship at the Punjabi Academy of Letters in 1985. He ran to the United Kingdom and the United States the following year; while in the U.S., he became involved with the Anti-47 Front, opposing Khalistani violence. His words had a great influence on the minds of the people.
At the beginning of 1988 Pash was in Punjab for the renewal of his visa from the United States.[4] A day before leaving for Delhi, however, he was gunned down by three men along with his friend Hans Raj at the well in his village Talwandi Salem on 23 March 1988.[5] Pash was assassinated by the revolutionary mindset for being a vocal critic of Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale.[6]
Khilre Hoey Varkey was posthumously published in 1989 after his death, followed by his journals and letters. A selection of his poems in Punjabi, Inkar, was published in Lahore in 1997. His poems have been translated in many languages including other Indian languages, Nepali and English. Poems written by Pash are popular in India, especially in Punjab and North India. Recitations of his poems are often carried out, especially on the weekends close to his death anniversary.
One of Pash's most popular and often cited poems is titled ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਖ਼ਤਰਨਾਕ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ ਸਾਡੇ ਸੁਪਨਿਆਂ ਦਾ ਮਰ ਜਾਣਾ। सबसे ख़तरनाक होता है हमारे सपनों का मर जाना (Sabse Khatarnak hota hai hamare sapnon ka mar jaana - meaning: The most dangerous thing is the demise of our dreams).[7]
In 2005, this poem was included in NCERT's Hindi book for 11th standard.[8]
In 2015, Punjabi singer and songwriter Gurvinder Brar released a song entitled Shiv Di Kitaab which was about poetry comparison in Shiv Kumar Batalvi's and Pash's styles. Couplets from Pash's famous writings were used as references in the song's music video. This song also happened to be the debut music video appearance for Indian actress Shehnaaz Gill.[9]
In 2017, Punjabi rapper Kay Kap created a song entitled My Land Is Dyin featuring a narrative upon visualizing what must have happened moments before Pash was gunned down. The song lyrics featured a verse in storytelling format about a poet & a farmer discussing the future of Punjab. The single was released on Pash's 29th death anniversary.[10]
In 2020, Punjabi rapper Kay Kap's album Rough Rhymes for Tough Times featured a song entitled Ijaad which had couplets from Pash's poem Ghaah in the outro vocals.[11]
In 2021, Punjabi singer and songwriter Sidhu Moose Wala's album Moosetape featured two songs entitled G-Shit and Power. Lyrics of both songs mentioned Pash in a similar manner. Sidhu self-proclaimed himself to be modern-day Pash in terms of vision.[12]