| Honorific-Prefix: | Rabbi |
| Avraham Shapira אברהם שפירא | |
| Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel | |
| Began: | 1983 |
| Ended: | 1993 |
| Birth Date: | c. 1910 |
| Birth Place: | Jerusalem |
| Death Date: | 27 September 2007 |
| Death Place: | Jerusalem |
| Buried: | Mount of Olives Jewish Cemetery, Jerusalem |
| Nationality: | Israeli |
| Denomination: | Hardal |
Avraham Shapira (Hebrew: אברהם אלקנה כהנא שפירא;,[1] [2] [3] [4] Jerusalem - 27 September 2007) was a prominent rabbi in the Religious Zionist world. Shapira had been the head of the Rabbinical court of Jerusalem, and both a member and the head of the Supreme Rabbinic Court. He served as the Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel from 1983 to 1993. Shapira was the rosh yeshiva of Mercaz haRav in Jerusalem, a position he held since Rabbi Zvi Yehuda Kook died in 1982.
Avraham Elkanah Shapira was born to a Jerusalemite family; his father was Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Shapira. As a child, he lived in the Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem's Old City.[5]
In his youth, he studied at Etz Chaim Yeshiva in Jerusalem, later moving to the Hebron Yeshiva, where he studied under Rabbis Moshe Mordechai Epstein and Yechezkel Sarna. After his marriage, Rabbi Zvi Yehuda Kook invited him to join Mercaz HaRav yeshiva.[6] He corresponded, in his youth, with the Chazon Ish, Rabbi Zvi Pesach Frank, Rabbi Yitzchak Zev Soloveitchik, and Rabbi Isser Zalman Meltzer.
In 1956, he was appointed as a member of the Jerusalem religious court by Chief Rabbi Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog. In 1971, he was appointed Av Beit Din.
Shapira was elected Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel in 1983, serving alongside Rabbi Mordechai Eliyahu, who was elected Sefardi Chief Rabbi.[5]
He died on the first day of Succot, 2007.[7] [8] Tens of thousands of people took part in his funeral procession on September 28, 2007.[9] he was interred at the Mount of Olives Jewish Cemetery.
Shapira and his wife Penina had four sons. As per his will, his son Rabbi Yaakov Shapira was appointed Rosh Yeshiva of Mercaz HaRav after him.[10]
During the Oslo Accords, Shapira ruled that handing over territories violates Jewish law. He also called on soldiers to refuse orders to dismantle Jewish communities during the 2005 disengagement from Gaza.[8]