Lamborghini Explained

Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.
Type:Subsidiary
Founder:Ferruccio Lamborghini
Location City:Sant'Agata Bolognese, Emilia-Romagna
Location Country:Italy
Locations:135 dealerships
Area Served:Worldwide
Key People:Stephan Winkelmann (CEO)[1]
Industry:Automotive
Production: 9,233 vehicles (2022)[2]
Revenue: €2.38 billion (2022)[3]
Operating Income: €614 million
Net Income: €10.1 million (2014)
Equity: €1.832 billion (2014)
Num Employees:1,779 (December 2020)[4]
Parent:Audi AG
Subsid:Ducati Motor Holding S.p.A.
Italdesign Giugiaro
Homepage:lamborghini.com

Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. (pronounced as /it/) is an Italian manufacturer of luxury sports cars and SUVs based in Sant'Agata Bolognese. The company is owned by the Volkswagen Group through its subsidiary Audi.

Ferruccio Lamborghini (1916–1993), an Italian manufacturing magnate, founded Automobili Ferruccio Lamborghini S.p.A. in 1963 to compete with Ferrari. The company was noted for using a rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout. Lamborghini grew rapidly during its first decade, but sales plunged in the wake of the 1973 worldwide financial downturn and the oil crisis. The firm's ownership changed three times after 1973, including a bankruptcy in 1978. American Chrysler Corporation took control of Lamborghini in 1987 and sold it to Malaysian investment group Mycom Setdco and Indonesian group V'Power Corporation in 1994. In 1998, Mycom Setdco and V'Power sold Lamborghini to the Volkswagen Group where it was placed under the control of the group's Audi division.

New products and model lines were introduced to the brand's portfolio and brought to the market and saw an increased productivity for the brand. In the late 2000s, during the worldwide financial crisis and the subsequent economic crisis, Lamborghini's sales saw a drop of nearly 50 per cent.

Lamborghini currently produces the V10-powered Huracán, the Urus SUV powered by a twin-turbo V8 engine, and the Revuelto, a V12/electric hybrid, as of 2024. In addition, the company produces V12 engines for offshore powerboat racing.

Lamborghini Trattori, founded in 1948 by Ferruccio Lamborghini, is headquartered in Pieve di Cento, Italy, and continues to produce tractors. Since 1973, Lamborghini Trattori has been a separate entity from the automobile manufacturer.

History

See main article: History of Lamborghini.

Manufacturing magnate Italian Ferruccio Lamborghini founded the company in 1963 with the objective of producing a refined grand touring car to compete with offerings from established marques such as Ferrari. The company's first models, such as the 350 GT, were released in the mid-1960s. Lamborghini was noted for the 1966 Miura sports coupé, which used a rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout.

In 1963, Ferruccio Lamborghini, already an established industrialist who manufactured tractors, boilers, and air conditioners, founded Lamborghini Automobili on May 7, 1963.[5]

The company was headquartered in a purpose-built facility in Sant'Agata Bolognese. He surrounded himself with highly capable engineers and technicians: Giotto Bizzarrini designed the engine, Gian Paolo Dallara and Paolo Stanzani developed the chassis, and Franco Scaglione designed the bodywork. The first model, the 350 GTV, was not a success due to its futuristic style and remained a one-off prototype. The project was then handed over to the Milanese coachbuilder Touring, which created a more classic and sober design. The new car, named the 350 GT, was a fast and elegant two-seater grand tourer (according to Ferruccio's standards) and was the first series-produced car by Lamborghini. It achieved moderate sales success and was followed by the 400 GT (which benefited from an increased engine capacity) and the 400 GT 2+2, both presented in 1966.

Lamborghini grew rapidly during its first ten years, but sales fell in the wake of the 1973 worldwide financial downturn and the oil crisis. Ferruccio Lamborghini sold the company to Georges-Henri Rossetti and René Leimer and retired in 1974. The company went bankrupt in 1978, and was placed in the receivership of brothers Jean-Claude and Patrick Mimran in 1980. The Mimrans purchased the company out of receivership by 1984 and invested heavily in its expansion. Under the Mimrans' management, Lamborghini's model line was expanded from the Countach to include the Jalpa sports car and the LM002 high-performance off-road vehicle.

The Mimrans sold Lamborghini to the Chrysler Corporation in 1987. After replacing the Countach with the Diablo and discontinuing the Jalpa and the LM002, Chrysler sold Lamborghini to Malaysian investment group Mycom Setdco and Indonesian group V'Power Corporation in 1994. In 1998, Mycom Setdco and V'Power sold Lamborghini to the Volkswagen Group where it was placed under the control of the group's Audi division. New products and model lines were introduced to the brand's portfolio and brought to the market and saw an increased productivity for the brand Lamborghini. In the late 2000s, during the worldwide financial crisis and the subsequent economic crisis, Lamborghini's sales saw a drop of nearly 50 per cent.

In 2021, the CEO of Lamborghini said that by 2024 all its models will be hybrid.[6]

Lamborghini ownership
YearsOwner
1963–1972Ferruccio Lamborghini
1972–1977
1977–1984Receivership
1984–1987Patrick Mimran
1987–1994Chrysler Corporation
1994–1995MegaTech
1995–1998V'Power and Mycom Sedtco
Audi AG

Products

Automobiles

See main article: List of Lamborghini automobiles. As of the 2018 model year, Lamborghini's automobile product range consists of three model lines, two of which are mid-engine two-seat sports cars while the third one is a front engined, all-wheel drive SUV.[7]

Models in production

See main article: Lamborghini Revuelto. Production of the new Revuelto began in mid-2023 and it will be delivered in late 2023 as a 2024 model. The car will be powered by a 6.5L naturally aspirated V12 and three magnetic motors for a combined power output of 1,001 hp (1,015 PS).[8] [9]

See main article: Lamborghini Huracán. The V10-powered Huracán line currently includes the all-wheel-drive LP 610-4, the low cost rear-wheel-drive LP 580-2 and the powerful track oriented LP 640-4 Performante, each in coupé and Spyder (convertible) versions.[10]

See main article: Lamborghini Urus. With the intention of doubling its sales volume by 2019, Lamborghini also added an SUV named Urus in its line-up which is powered by a twin-turbo V8 engine and utilises a front engine, all-wheel drive layout.[11] [12]

Marine engines

Motori Marini Lamborghini produces a large V12 marine engine block for use in World Offshore Series Class 1 powerboats. A Lamborghini branded marine engine displaces approximately 81711NaN1 and outputs approximately 940hp.[13]

Lamborghini motorcycle

In the mid-1980s, Lamborghini produced a limited-production run of a 1000cc sports motorcycle. UK weekly newspaper Motor Cycle News reported in 1994—when featuring an example available through an Essex motorcycle retailer—that 24 examples were produced with a Lamborghini alloy frame having adjustable steering head angle, Kawasaki GPz1000RX engine/transmission unit, Ceriani front forks and Marvic wheels. The bodywork was plastic and fully integrated with front fairing merged into fuel tank and seat cover ending in a rear tail-fairing. The motorcycles were designed by Lamborghini stylists and produced by French business Boxer Bikes.[14]

Branded merchandise

Lamborghini licenses its brand to manufacturers that produce a variety of Lamborghini-branded consumer goods including scale models, clothing, accessories, bags, electronics[15] and laptop computers.[16]

Motorsport

Lamborghini Motorsport Division, Squadra Corse
Trading Name:Squadra Corse
Type:Subsidiary
Industry:
  • Automobile
  • Motorsports
Hq Location City:Sant'Agata Bolognese
Hq Location Country:Italy
Area Served:Worldwide
Key People:
Owner:Automobili Lamborghini
Parent:Audi AG

Automobiles produced

Lamborghini Motorsport Division Squadra Corse produces GT3 cars and cars for their Super Trofeo events based on the Gallardo and Huracán. Apart from them, the Squadra Corse builds cars upon customer request.

GT3 and Super Trofeo Cars

Special cars

These cars were built by Squadra Corse upon customer request.

Events held

Lamborghini Super Trofeo

See main article: Lamborghini Super Trofeo.

The Super Trofeo is a series of Motorsport events held by Squadra corse using their Super Trofeo model vehicles (currently the Huracán Super Trofeo EVO) which are racing versions of the road-approved models (Huracán and Gallardo models).

The Super Trofeo events are held in three different series, in three continents: America, Asia and Europe. Many private race team participate each of these events.

Every series consists of six rounds, each of which feature free practice sessions, qualifying and two races lasting 50 minutes each. There are four categories of drivers: Pro, Pro-Am, Am and Lamborghini Cup. The season ends in the Lamborghini Super Trofeo World Final.[17]

Lamborghini GT3

The Lamborghini GT3 is a series of Motorsport events held by The Squadra Corse using Huracán GT3 cars that comply with the FIA GT3 regulations. The racing event is open to any Huracán GT3 customer.

Lamborghini currently uses Huracán GT3 Evo cars for these events and more than 60 private race teams participate these events.[18]

Current factory drivers

Super Trofeo junior drivers[21]

Lamborghini in Formula One

Lamborghini
Staff:Mauro Forghieri
Debut:1989 Brazilian Grand Prix
Final Race:1993 Australian Grand Prix
Races:80
Chassis:Lola, Lotus, Lambo, Ligier, Minardi, Venturi, Larrousse
Cons Champ:0
Drivers Champ:0
Wins:0
Podiums:1
Points:20
Poles:0
Fastest Laps:0

In contrast to his rival Enzo Ferrari, Ferruccio Lamborghini had decided early on that there would be no factory-supported racing of Lamborghinis, viewing motorsport as too expensive and too draining on company resources.[22] This was unusual for the time, as many sports car manufacturers sought to demonstrate speed, reliability, and technical superiority through motorsport participation. Enzo Ferrari in particular was known for considering his road car business mostly a source of funding for his participation in motor racing. Ferruccio's policy led to tensions between him and his engineers, many of whom were racing enthusiasts; some had previously worked at Ferrari. When Dallara, Stanzani, and Wallace began dedicating their spare time to the development of the P400 prototype, they designed it to be a road car with racing potential, one that could win on the track and also be driven on the road by enthusiasts. When Ferruccio discovered the project, he allowed them to go ahead, seeing it as a potential marketing device for the company, while insisting that it would not be raced. The P400 went on to become the Miura. The closest the company came to building a true race car under Lamborghini's supervision were a few highly modified prototypes, including those built by factory test driver Bob Wallace, such as the Miura SV-based "Jota" and the Jarama S-based "Bob Wallace Special".

In the mid-1970s, while Lamborghini was under the management of Georges-Henri Rossetti, Lamborghini entered into an agreement with BMW to develop, then manufacture 400 cars for BMW in order to meet Group 4 homologation requirements. BMW lacked experience developing a mid-engined vehicle and believed that Lamborghini's experience in that area would make Lamborghini an ideal choice of partner. Due to Lamborghini's shaky finances, Lamborghini fell behind schedule developing the car's structure and running gear. When Lamborghini failed to deliver working prototypes on time, BMW took the program in house, finishing development without Lamborghini. BMW contracted with Baur to produce the car, which BMW named the M1, delivering the first vehicle in October 1978.

In 1985, Lamborghini's British importer developed the Countach QVX, in conjunction with Spice Engineering, for the 1986 Group C championship season. One car was built, but lack of sponsorship caused it to miss the season. The QVX competed in only one race, the non-championship 1986 Southern Suns 500 km race at Kyalami in South Africa, driven by Tiff Needell. Despite the car finishing better than it started, sponsorship could once again not be found and the programme was cancelled.[23]

Lamborghini was an engine supplier in Formula One for the 1989 through 1993 Formula One seasons. It supplied engines to Larrousse (1989–1990, 1992–1993), Lotus (1990), Ligier (1991), Minardi (1992), and to the Modena team in 1991. While the latter is commonly referred to as a factory team, the company saw itself as a supplier, not a backer. The 1992 Larrousse—Lamborghini was largely uncompetitive but noteworthy in its tendency to spew oil from its exhaust system. Cars following closely behind the Larrousse were commonly coloured yellowish-brown by the end of the race.[24] Lamborghini's best result was achieved with Larrousse at the 1990 Japanese Grand Prix, when Aguri Suzuki finished third on home soil.[25]

In late 1991, a Lamborghini Formula One motor was used in the Konrad KM-011 Group C sports car, but the car only lasted a few races before the project was cancelled. The same engine, re-badged a Chrysler, Lamborghini's then-parent company, was tested by McLaren towards the end of the 1993 season, with the intent of using it during the 1994 season. Although driver Ayrton Senna was reportedly impressed with the engine's performance, McLaren pulled out of negotiations, choosing a Peugeot engine instead, and Chrysler ended the project.

Two racing versions of the Diablo were built for the Diablo Supertrophy, a single-model racing series held annually from 1996 to 1999. In the first year, the model used in the series was the Diablo SVR, while the Diablo 6.0 GTR was used for the remaining three years.[26] [27] Lamborghini developed the Murciélago R-GT as a production racing car to compete in the FIA GT Championship, the Super GT Championship and the American Le Mans Series in 2004. The car's highest placing in any race that year was the opening round of the FIA GT Championship at Valencia, where the car entered by Reiter Engineering finished third from a fifth-place start.[28] [29] In 2006, during the opening round of the Super GT championship at Suzuka, a car run by the Japan Lamborghini Owners Club garnered the first victory (in class) by an R-GT. A GT3 version of the Gallardo has been developed by Reiter Engineering.[30] A Murciélago R-GT entered by All-Inkl.com racing, driven by Christophe Bouchut and Stefan Mücke, won the opening round of the FIA GT Championship held at Zhuhai International Circuit, achieving the first major international race victory for Lamborghini.[31]

Complete Formula One results

(key) (results in bold indicate pole position)

YearEntrantChassisEngine(s)TyresDrivers12345678910111213141516PointsWCC
Larrousse CalmelsLola LC88B
Lola LC89		Lamborghini 3512 V12BRASMRMONMEXUSCANFRAGBRGERHUNBELITAPORESPJPNAUS115th
Yannick DalmasDNQRetDNQDNQDNQDNQ
Éric Bernard11Ret
Michele AlboretoRetRetRetRet11DNPQDNQDNPQ
Philippe Alliot12RetRetRetRetRetRetRetRetDNPQ16Ret96RetRet
ESPO Larrousse F1Lola LC89B
Lola LC90		Lamborghini 3512 V12USBRASMRMONCANMEXFRAGBRGERHUNBELITAPORESPJPNAUS116th
Éric Bernard8Ret1369Ret84Ret69RetRetRetRetRet
Aguri SuzukiRetRetRetRet12Ret76RetRetRetRet1463Ret
Camel Team LotusLotus 102Lamborghini V12
Derek WarwickRetRet7Ret61011Ret8511RetRetRetRetRet38th
Martin DonnellyDNSRet8RetRet812RetRet712RetRetDNS
Johnny HerbertRetRet
Equipe Ligier GitanesLigier JS35
Ligier JS35B		Lamborghini 3512
V12		USBRASMRMONCANMEXFRAGBRGERHUNBELITAPORESPJPNAUS0NC
Thierry BoutsenRetRet77Ret812Ret91711Ret16Ret9Ret
Érik ComasDNQRet10108DNQ11DNQRet10Ret1111RetRet18
Modena Team SpALambo 291Lamborghini L3512 V12 Nicola Larini7DNPQDNPQDNPQDNPQDNPQDNPQDNPQRet16DNQ16DNQDNQDNQRet0NC
Eric van de PoeleDNPQDNPQ9DNPQDNPQDNPQDNPQDNPQDNQDNQDNQDNQDNQDNQDNQDNQ
Central Park Venturi LarrousseVenturi LC92Lamborghini 3512 V12RSAMEXBRAESPSMRMONCANFRAGBRGERHUNBELITAPORJPNAUS111th
Bertrand GachotRet11RetRetRet6DSQRetRet14Ret18RetRetRetRet
Ukyo Katayama12129DNQRetDNPQRetRetRetRetRet179Ret11Ret
Minardi TeamM191B
M191L
M192		Lamborghini 3512 3.5 V12 Christian FittipaldiRetRetRet11Ret813DNQDNQDNQ1269112th
Alessandro ZanardiDNQRetDNQ
Gianni MorbidelliRetRet7RetRetRet1181712DNQ16Ret141410
Larrousse F1Larrousse LH93Lamborghini 3512 V12RSABRAEURSMRESPMONCANFRAGBRGERHUNBELITAPORJPNAUS310th
Philippe AlliotRet7Ret5Ret12Ret91112812910
Toshio Suzuki1214
Érik ComasRet109Ret9Ret816RetRetRetRet611Ret12

Marketing

Brand identity

The world of bullfighting is a key part of Lamborghini's identity.[32] [33] [34] In 1962, Ferruccio Lamborghini visited the Seville ranch of Don Eduardo Miura, a renowned breeder of Spanish fighting bulls. Lamborghini was so impressed by the majestic Miura animals that he decided to adopt a raging bull as the emblem for the automaker he would open shortly.

Vehicle nomenclature

After producing two cars with alphanumeric designations, Lamborghini once again turned to the bull breeder for inspiration. Don Eduardo was filled with pride when he learned that Ferruccio had named a car for his family and their line of bulls; the fourth Miura to be produced was unveiled to him at his ranch in Seville.

The automaker would continue to draw upon the bullfighting connection in future years. The Islero was named for the Miura bull that killed the famed bullfighter Manolete in 1947. Espada is the Spanish word for sword, sometimes used to refer to the bullfighter himself. The Jarama's name carried a special double meaning; though it was intended to refer only to the historic bullfighting region in Spain, Ferruccio was concerned about confusion with the also historic Jarama motor racing track.After christening the Urraco after a bull breed, in 1974, Lamborghini broke from tradition, naming the Countach not for a bull, but for contacc (pronounced as /kʊŋˈtɑtʃ/), a Piedmontese expletive.[35] Legend has it that Nuccio Bertone uttered the word in surprise when he first saw the Countach prototype, "Project 112". The LM002 (LM for Lamborghini Militaire) sport utility vehicle and the Silhouette (named after the popular racing category of the time) were other exceptions to the tradition.

The Jalpa of 1982 was named for a bull breed; Diablo, for the Duke of Veragua's ferocious bull famous for fighting an epic battle against El Chicorro in Madrid in 1869;[36] [37] Murciélago, the legendary bull whose life was spared by El Lagartijo for his performance in 1879; Gallardo, named for one of the five ancestral castes of the Spanish fighting bull breed;[38] and Reventón, the bull that defeated young Mexican torero Félix Guzmán in 1943. The Estoque concept of 2008 was named for the estoc, the sword traditionally used by matadors during bullfights.[39]

Concept vehicles

See also: List of Lamborghini concept vehicles. Throughout its history, Lamborghini has envisioned and presented a variety of concept cars, beginning in 1963 with the first Lamborghini prototype, the 350GTV. Other famous models include Bertone's 1967 Marzal, 1974 Bravo, and 1980 Athon, Chrysler's 1987 Portofino, the Italdesign-styled Cala from 1995, the Zagato-built Raptor from 1996.

A retro-styled Lamborghini Miura concept car, the first creation of chief designer Walter de'Silva, was presented in 2006. President and CEO Stephan Winkelmann denied that the concept would be put into production, saying that the Miura concept was "a celebration of our history, but Lamborghini is about the future. Retro design is not what we are here for. So we won't do the [new] Miura."[40]

At the 2008 Paris Motor Show, Lamborghini revealed the Estoque, a four-door sedan concept. Although there had been much speculation regarding the Estoque's eventual production,[41] [42] Lamborghini management has not made a decision regarding production of what might be the first four-door car to roll out of the Sant'Agata factory.[43]

At the 2010 Paris Motor Show, Lamborghini unveiled the Sesto Elemento. The concept car is made almost entirely of carbon fibre making it extremely light, with a weight of 9990NaN0. The Sesto Elemento shares the same V10 engine found in the Lamborghini Gallardo. Lamborghini hopes to signal a shift in the company's direction from making super cars focused on top speed to producing more agile, track focused cars with the Sesto Elemento. The concept car can reach NaN0NaN0 in 2.5 seconds and can reach a top speed of over 180 mph.[44]

At the 2012 Geneva Motor Show, Lamborghini unveiled the Aventador J—a roofless, windowless version of the Lamborghini Aventador. The Aventador J uses the same 700 hp engine and seven-speed transmission as the standard Aventador.[45]

At the 2012 Beijing Motor Show, Lamborghini unveiled the Urus SUV. This is the first SUV built by Lamborghini since the LM002.

As part of the celebration of 50 years of Lamborghini, the company created the Egoista. Egoista is for one person's driving and only one Egoista is to be made.[46]

At the 2014 Paris Motor Show, Lamborghini unveiled the Asterion LPI910-4 hybrid concept car. Named after the half-man, half-bull hybrid (Minotaur) of Greek legend, it is the first hybrid Lamborghini in the history of the company. Utilizing the Huracán's 5.2 litre V10 producing 6070NaN0, along with one electric motor mounted on the transaxle and an additional two on the front axle, developing an additional 3000NaN0. This puts the power at a combined figure of 9070NaN0. The NaN0NaN0 time is claimed to be just above 3 seconds, with a claimed top speed of 1850NaN0.[47]

Corporate affairs

Structure

, Lamborghini is structured as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Audi AG named Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.[48]

Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. controls five principal subsidiaries: Ducati Motor Holding S.p.A., a manufacturer of motorcycles; Italdesign Giugiaro S.p.A., a design and prototyping firm that provides services to the entire Volkswagen Group; MML S.p.A. (Motori Marini Lamborghini), a manufacturer of marine engine blocks; and Volkswagen Group Italia S.p.A. (formerly Autogerma S.p.A.), which sells Audi and other Volkswagen Group vehicles in Italy.

The Lamborghini headquarters and main production site is located in Sant'Agata Bolognese, Italy. With the launch of its Urus SUV, the production site expanded from 80000m2 to 160000m2.[49]

On 13 November 2020, Stephan Winkelmann, current President of Bugatti, was appointed to be the new CEO of Lamborghini. He takes up his new position as of 1 December 2020.

Sales results

By sales, the most important markets in 2004 for Lamborghini's sports cars were the U.S. (41%), Germany (13%), Great Britain (9%) and Japan (8%). Prior to the launch of the Gallardo in 2003, Lamborghini produced approximately 400 vehicles per year; in 2011 Lamborghini produced 1,711 vehicles.

Annual Lamborghini new car sales
Sales
1968353
1991673
1992166
1993215
1996[50] 211
1997[51] 209
1999265
Sales
2000296
2001297
2002424
20031,305
20041,592
20051,600
20062,087
20072,406
20082,430
20091,515
Sales
20101,302
20111,602
2012[52] 2,083
2013[53] 2,121
2014[54] 2,530
2015[55] 3,245
2016[56] 3,457
2017[57] 3,815
2018[58] 5,750
2019[59] 8,205

Licensing

Automóviles Lamborghini Latinoamérica

Automóviles Lamborghini Latinoamérica S.A. de C.V. (Lamborghini Automobiles of Latin America Public Limited Company) is an authorized distributor and manufacturer of Lamborghini-branded vehicles and merchandise in Latin America and South America.

In 1995, Indonesian corporation MegaTech, Lamborghini's owner at the time, entered into distribution and license agreements with Mexican businessman Jorge Antonio Fernández García. The agreements give Automóviles Lamborghini Latinoamérica S.A. de C.V. the exclusive distributorship of Lamborghini vehicles and branded merchandise in Latin America and South America. Under the agreements, Automóviles Lamborghini is also allowed to manufacture Lamborghini vehicles and market them worldwide under the Lamborghini brand.

Automóviles Lamborghini has produced two rebodied versions of the Diablo called the Eros and the Coatl. In 2015, Automóviles Lamborghini transferred the IP-rights to the Coatl foundation (chamber of commerce no. 63393700) in The Netherlands in order to secure these rights and to make them more marketable.[60] The company has announced the production of a speedboat called the Lamborghini Glamour.[61]

Museums

There are two museums in Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, centered around the brand.

Museo Lamborghini

See main article: Museo Lamborghini.

This two-storey museum is attached to the headquarters, and covers the history of Lamborghini cars and sport utility vehicles, showcasing a variety of modern and vintage models. The museum uses displays of cars, engines and photos to provide a history and review important milestones of Lamborghini.

Museo Ferruccio Lamborghini

See main article: Museo Ferruccio Lamborghini. A 9,000 square-foot museum about Ferruccio Lamborghini houses several cars, industrial prototypes, sketches, personal objects and family photos from Ferruccio's early life.[62]

See also

References

Corporate documents

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Stephan Winkelmann appointed as CEO of Lamborghini. Luxus Plus. 20 November 2020. 23 November 2020. 24 December 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201224123919/https://luxus-plus.com/en/stephan-winkelmann-appointed-as-ceo-of-lamborghini/. live.
  2. Web site: A record-breaking 2021 for Automobili Lamborghini – The company recorded its best year ever, with 8,405 cars delivered. 12 January 2022. Lamborghini Media Center. 23 February 2022. 24 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220124122247/https://media.lamborghini.com/english/latest-news/all/a-record-breaking-2021-for-automobili-lamborghini---the-company-recorded-its-best-year-ever--with-8-/s/3df46192-1102-49a8-ac36-7b7cf99e7d04. dead.
  3. Web site: 2015 Annual Financial Report . Audi . 16 October 2016 . 10 November 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171110121620/http://www.audi.com/en/404-page-not-found.html . dead .
  4. Web site: Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. (Italy). Audi Media Center . 31 December 2020. 22 February 2022. en. 22 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220222081910/https://www.audi-mediacenter.com/en/automobili-lamborghini-spa-italy-214. dead.
  5. Web site: Lamborghini's Innovators from the Past. Lamborghini. Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.. July 10, 2024.
  6. Web site: Valdes-Dapena. Peter. Every Lamborghini will have an electric motor by 2024. 18 May 2021. CNN Business. 18 May 2021. 3 July 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210703011440/https://www.cnn.com/2021/05/18/success/lamborghini-electric-hybrid-supercars/index.html. live.
  7. Web site: New Lamborghini Cars. Lamborghini. 16 February 2018. 24 December 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201224125103/https://www.lamborghini.com/en-en/. live.
  8. Web site: 26 July 2023 . Lamborghini Revuelto – launch success covers orders spanning two years . 4 August 2023 . Lamborghini . en . 4 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230804101302/https://www.lamborghini.com/en-en/news/lamborghini-revuelto-launch-success-covers-orders-spanning-two-years . live .
  9. Web site: Lamborghini Revuelto (2023): Alle Infos – vom Preis bis zum Motor. 29 March 2023. Auto Bild. de. 18 August 2023. 4 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230604195635/https://www.autobild.de/artikel/lamborghini-revuelto-2023-preis-motor-v12-plug-in-hybrid-aventador-lb744-21776741.html. live.
  10. Web site: Huracán Line up. Lamborghini. 7 July 2016. 24 December 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201224125406/https://www.lamborghini.com/en-en/models/huracan. live.
  11. Web site: Lamborghini sees worldwide sales doubling by 2019 after SUV launch . 24 August 2016 . Yahoo! Finance . 25 August 2016 . 24 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201224124917/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/lamborghini-sees-worldwide-sales-doubling-2019-suv-launch-022647808--finance.html . live .
  12. Web site: Lamborghini Urus. Lamborghini. 16 February 2018. 15 December 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201215020516/https://www.lamborghini.com/en-en/models/urus. live.
  13. Web site: Introducing the Class 1 Championship – The Engines . Class 1 UK . 9 April 2008 . 24 November 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20091124020226/http://www.class1uk.co.uk/engine.php . live .
  14. Car-vaceous Lamborghini up for sale . 23 March 1994 . . 5 . 7 October 2014 -->.
  15. Web site: Terms and Conditions . Lamborghini Store . EPI srl . 4 August 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120829014519/http://www.lamborghinistore.com/en/terms-and-conditions/ . 29 August 2012 . EPI srl is an official licensee of Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. . dead .
  16. Web site: ASUS-Automobili Lamborghini VX7SX - Laptops. ASUS Global. 24 July 2020. 24 December 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201224125037/https://www.asus.com/Laptops/ASUSAutomobili_Lamborghini_VX7SX/. live.
  17. Web site: Squadra Corse – Super Trofeo. 22 August 2021. Lamborghini. en. 22 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210822055839/https://www.lamborghini.com/en-en/motorsport/super-trofeo. live.
  18. Web site: Customer Racing – GT3. 22 August 2021. Lamborghini. en. 22 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210822060053/https://www.lamborghini.com/en-en/motorsport/gt3. live.
  19. Web site: Factory Drivers . 30 October 2023 . Lamborghini . en . 2 December 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231202060408/https://www.lamborghini.com/en-en/motorsport/drivers . live .
  20. Web site: GT3 Junior Drivers . 30 October 2023 . Lamborghini . en . 30 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231130085350/https://www.lamborghini.com/en-en/motorsport/drivers/gt3-junior-drivers . live .
  21. Web site: Super Trofeo Junior Drivers . 30 October 2023 . Lamborghini . en . 2 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231002121648/https://www.lamborghini.com/en-en/motorsport/drivers/super-trofeo-junior-drivers . live .
  22. Web site: Lamborghini Miura P400 Conversion to Miura SV. Lamborghini Miuras . en-us. 19 September 2017. 24 December 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201224124648/http://www.lamborghinimiuras.com/lamborghini.html. dead.
  23. Web site: Lamborghini QVX Car Guide . Qv500.com . 30 August 2010. 24 June 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090624160506/http://www.qv500.com/lamborghiniqvxp1.php . dead.
  24. News: Lamborghini. 29 May 2012. NCE. 19 September 2017. en-US. 24 December 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201224123957/http://newportconvertible.com/lamborghini/. dead.
  25. News: Sato shapes as the rising son. Alan. Henry. The Guardian. 12 June 2004. 15 December 2016. 24 December 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201224124118/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2004/jun/12/formulaone.formulaone20041. live.
  26. Web site: Lamborghini Diablo SVR . Qv500.com . 30 August 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100302023504/http://www.qv500.com/lamborghinidiablop11.php . 2 March 2010 . dead.
  27. Web site: Lamborghini Diablo 6.0 GTR Car Guide . Qv500.com . 30 August 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100302023215/http://www.qv500.com/lamborghinidiablop13.php . 2 March 2010. dead.
  28. Web site: Lamborghini Murciélago R-GT Car Guide . Qv500.com . 30 August 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100302023246/http://www.qv500.com/lamborghinimurcielagop3.php . 2 March 2010. dead.
  29. Web site: Lamborghini Murciélago R-GT 2004 Season . Qv500.com . 30 August 2010. 23 April 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090423110619/http://www.qv500.com/lamborghinimurcielagop4.php . dead.
  30. Web site: Lamborghini Gallardo GT3 Car Guide . Qv500.com . 30 August 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100610061606/http://www.qv500.com/lamborghinigallardop5.php . 10 June 2010. dead.
  31. Web site: FIA GT Championship Results: 2007 Round 1 – Zhuhai . FIA GT . 30 August 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100103182715/http://fiagt.com/results.php . 3 January 2010.
  32. Book: Cockerham, Paul W. . 1997 . Lamborghini: the spirit of the bull . Tiger Books.
  33. Book: Schleifer, Jay . 1993 . Lamborghini: Italy's raging bull . Crestwood House.
  34. Web site: The Baddest Bull: Lamborghini Miura Vs Countach Vs Murcielago LP640 . Lieberman . Jonny . Jalopnik . Gawker Media . 12 September 2007 . 4 August 2012 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20120927055107/http://jalopnik.com/298911/the-baddest-bull-lamborghini-miura-vs-countach-vs-murcielago-lp640 . 27 September 2012 .
  35. Web site: Countach LP500 . Lamborghini Registry . 30 August 2010. dead. 12 November 2004. https://web.archive.org/web/20041112035518/http://www.lamborghiniregistry.com/Countach/CountachLP500/.
  36. Web site: Diablo. 24 May 2010. 2006. Mark . Smeyers. Lambocars.com. 26 May 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110526101919/http://www.lambocars.com/pdf/diablo.pdf. dead.
  37. Web site: Lamborghini Diablo 6.0VT . Classic and Performance Car . 30 March 2009 . 16 August 2009 . 27 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110127094110/http://www.classicandperformancecar.com/features/octane_features/234875/lamborghini_diablo_60vt.html . dead .
  38. Web site: Gallardo – The Name . https://web.archive.org/web/20080314194057/http://lamborghiniregistry.com/Gallardo/Name.html . 14 March 2008 . Lamborghini Registry . 22 November 2003 . 21 January 2010.
  39. Web site: Edmunds Inside Line – Lamborghini Estoque Concept First Look . Stahl . Andreas . 1 October 2008 . Edmunds . https://web.archive.org/web/20090321053636/http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/Features/articleId%3D132648 . 21 March 2009 . dead .
  40. Web site: Lambo plans: Espada, Miura out, SUV in . AutoWeek . Greg . Kable . 22 October 2006 . 17 January 2024 . 17 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240117005820/https://www.autoweek.com/news/a2072096/lambo-plans-espada-miura-out-suv/ . live .
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  42. Web site: Edmunds Inside Line – The Radical Lamborghini Sedan From the Paris Auto Show . Edmunds.com . 30 September 2008 . 30 August 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090321053636/http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/Features/articleId%3D132648 . 21 March 2009 . dead .
  43. Web site: Edmunds Inside Line – IL Exclusive: No Green Light – Yet – for Lamborghini Estoque . Edmunds.com . 23 March 2009 . 30 August 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090327114421/http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/News/articleId%3D144726 . 27 March 2009 . dead .
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  48. According to Audi AG's 2011 Annual Financial Report, on 1 July 2011, Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A., Lamborghini AntiMarca S.p.A. and STAR Design S.R.L. were merged into Automobili Lamborghini Holding S.p.A., which was renamed Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. (S.p.A. stands for Società per Azioni, the Italian designation for a joint stock company. S.R.L. stands for Società a Responsabilità Limitata, the Italian designation for a private limited company).
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  50. Web site: Lamborghini Reports Record Figures . 21 February 2004 . carpages.co.uk . 3 August 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120302230756/http://www.carpages.co.uk/lamborghini/lamborghini_reports_record_figures_21_02_04.asp . 2 March 2012 . live . In 1996, Automobili Lamborghini sold a total of 211 cars worldwide. .
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  61. Web site: Sitio Oficial . Lamborghini Latinoamerica . 3 March 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140102051942/http://lamborghini-latinoamerica.com/ . 2 January 2014 . dead .
  62. Web site: Museo Ferruccio Lamborghini . Lambocars.com . 3 September 2019 . 3 September 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190903210224/http://www.lambocars.com/lambonews/museo_ferruccio_lamborghini.html . dead .

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