Austrodyptornithes Explained

Austrodyptornithes is a clade of birds that include the orders Sphenisciformes (penguins) and Procellariiformes (tube-nosed seabirds).^[1] A 2014 analysis of whole genomes of 48 representative bird species concluded that penguins are the sister group of Procellariiformes,^[2] from which they diverged about 60 million years ago.^[3]

Notes and References

1. Yuri . T . 2013 . Parsimony and model-based analyses of indels in avian nuclear genes reveal congruent and incongruent phylogenetic signals . Biology . 2 . 1 . 419–44 . 10.3390/biology2010419 . 24832669 . 4009869 . free .
2. 10.1126/science.1253451. 25504713. Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds. Science. 346. 6215. 1320–1331. 2014. Jarvis. E. D.. Erich Jarvis. Mirarab. S.. Aberer. A. J.. Li. B.. Houde. P.. Li. C.. Ho. S. Y. W.. Faircloth. B. C.. Nabholz. B.. Howard. J. T.. Suh. A.. Weber. C. C.. Da Fonseca. R. R.. Li. J.. Zhang. F.. Li. H.. Zhou. L.. Narula. N.. Liu. L.. Ganapathy. G.. Boussau. B.. Bayzid. M. S.. Zavidovych. V.. Subramanian. S.. Gabaldon. T.. Capella-Gutierrez. S.. Huerta-Cepas. J.. Rekepalli. B.. Munch. K.. Schierup. M.. 29. 4405904. 2014Sci...346.1320J. 10072/67425. 2015-08-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20150224020622/http://pgl.soe.ucsc.edu/jarvis14.pdf. 2015-02-24. dead.
3. 10.1186/2047-217X-3-27. Two Antarctic penguin genomes reveal insights into their evolutionary history and molecular changes related to the Antarctic environment. GigaScience. 3. 27. 2014-12-12. Li . C. . Zhang . Y. . Li . J. . Kong . L. . Hu . H. . Pan . H. . Xu . L. . Deng . Y. . Li . Q. . Jin . L. . Yu . H. . Chen . Y. . Liu . B. . Yang . L. . Liu . S. . Zhang . Y. . Lang . Y. . Xia . J. . He . W. . Shi . Q. . Subramanian . S. . Millar . C. D. . Meader . S. . Rands . C. M. . Fujita . M. K. . Greenwold . M. J. . Castoe . T. A. . Pollock . D. D. . Gu . W. . Nam . K. . 1. 29 . 25671092 . 4322438. free.