| Election Name: | 1975 Australian federal election |
| Country: | Australia |
| Type: | parliamentary |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1974 Australian federal election |
| Previous Year: | 1974 |
| Next Election: | 1977 Australian federal election |
| Next Year: | 1977 |
| Outgoing Members: | Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1974–1975 |
| Elected Members: | Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1975–1977 |
| Registered: | 8,262,413 |
| Turnout: | 7,881,873 (95.39%) (0.03 pp) |
| Seats For Election: | All 127 seats of the House of Representatives 64 seats were needed for a majority in the House All 64 seats of the Senate |
| Election Date: | 13 December 1975 |
| Leader1: | Malcolm Fraser |
| Leader Since1: | 21 March 1975 |
| Party1: | Liberal/NCP coalition |
| Leaders Seat1: | Wannon (Vic.) |
| Last Election1: | 61 seats |
| Seats1: | 91 seats |
| Seat Change1: | 30 |
| Popular Vote1: | 4,102,078 |
| Percentage1: | 53.05% |
| Swing1: | 7.32 |
| Leader2: | Gough Whitlam |
| Leader Since2: | 8 February 1967 |
| Party2: | Australian Labor Party |
| Leaders Seat2: | Werriwa (NSW) |
| Last Election2: | 66 seats |
| Seats2: | 36 seats |
| Seat Change2: | 30 |
| Popular Vote2: | 3,313,004 |
| Percentage2: | 42.84% |
| Swing2: | 6.46 |
| 1Blank: | TPP |
| 2Blank: | TPP swing |
| 1Data1: | 55.70% |
| 2Data1: | 7.40 |
| 1Data2: | 44.30% |
| 2Data2: | 7.40 |
| Map Size: | 350px |
| Prime Minister | |
| Before Election: | Malcolm Fraser |
| Before Party: | Liberal/NCP coalition |
| Posttitle: | Subsequent Prime Minister |
| After Election: | Malcolm Fraser |
| After Party: | Liberal/NCP coalition |
The 1975 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 13 December 1975. All 127 seats in the House of Representatives and all 64 seats in the Senate were up for election, due to a double dissolution.
Malcolm Fraser had been commissioned as caretaker prime minister following the dismissal of Gough Whitlam's three-year-old Labor government by Governor-General Sir John Kerr, on 11 November 1975. The same day, Fraser advised an immediate double dissolution, in accordance with Kerr's stipulated conditions (see 1975 Australian constitutional crisis).
The Coalition of Fraser's Liberal Party of Australia and Doug Anthony's National Country Party secured government in its own right, winning the largest majority government to date in Australian history. The Liberals actually won a majority in their own right, with 68 seats–the first time that the main non-Labor party had done so since adopting the Liberal banner in 1944. Although Fraser had no need for the support of the National Country Party, the Coalition was retained. It was also the first time a party won over 90 seats at an Australian election. This was the last federal election the Coalition won more than 50% of the primary vote.
Labor suffered a 30-seat swing and saw its lower house caucus cut almost in half, to 36 seats—fewer than it had when Whitlam became leader in the aftermath of the Coalition landslide nearly 10 years earlier, in the 1966 election. With only 28% of the House of Representatives seats, this is the worst seat share for Labor since the current Liberal-Labor party contest from 1946.
__TOC__
See main article: article and Results of the 1975 Australian federal election (House of Representatives).
| Votes | % | Swing | Seats | Change | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal–NCP coalition | 4,102,078 | 53.05 | +7.32 | 91 | +30 | ||||
| Liberal | 3,232,159 | 41.80 | +6.85 | 68 | +28 | ||||
| National Country | 853,943 | 11.04 | +0.28 | 22 | +1 | ||||
| Country Liberal | 15,976 | 0.21 | +0.21 | 1 | +1 | ||||
| Labor | 3,313,004 | 42.84 | −6.46 | 36 | −30 | ||||
| Democratic Labor | 101,750 | 1.32 | −0.10 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Workers | 60,130 | 0.78 | +0.78 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Liberal Movement | 49,484 | 0.64 | –0.14 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Australia | 33,630 | 0.43 | −1.89 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Communist | 9,393 | 0.12 | +0.11 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Independent | 63,109 | 0.82 | +0.42 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Total | 7,732,578 | 127 | |||||||
| Liberal–NCP coalition | Win | 55.70 | +7.40 | 91 | +30 | ||||
| Labor | 44.30 | −7.40 | 36 | −30 | |||||
| Votes | % | Swing | Seats won | Seats held | Change | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal–NCP coalition (total) | 3,706,989 | 51.74 | +7.85 | 35 | 35 | +6 | |||
| Liberal–NCP joint ticket | 2,855,721 | 39.86 | +5.09 | 17 | |||||
| Liberal | 793,772 | 11.08 | +3.26 | 16 | 26 | +3 | |||
| National Country | 41,977 | 0.59 | −0.71 | 1 | 8 | +2 | |||
| Country Liberal | 15,519 | 0.22 | +0.22 | 1 | 1 | +1 | |||
| Labor | 2,931,310 | 40.91 | −6.38 | 27 | 27 | -2 | |||
| Democratic Labor | 191,049 | 2.67 | −0.89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Liberal Movement | 76,426 | 1.07 | +0.11 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||
| Workers | 62,385 | 0.87 | +0.87 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Family Movement | 45,658 | 0.64 | +0.64 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Australia | 34,632 | 0.48 | –0.91 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| United Tasmania | 1,227 | 0.02 | –0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Socialist | 727 | 0.01 | +0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Independents | 114,310 | 1.60 | –0.52 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||
| Total | 7,164,713 | 64 | 64 | +4 | |||||
The election followed the controversial dismissal of the Whitlam government by Governor-General Sir John Kerr in the 1975 constitutional crisis. Labor campaigners hoped that the electorate would "maintain [its] rage" and punish the Coalition for its part in bringing down the government, proclaiming "Shame Fraser, Shame". However, the Coalition focused on economic issues following the 1973 oil crisis and 1973–75 recession, the so-called Loans Affair, alleged Labor mismanagement of inflation, and campaigned under the slogan "Turn on the lights, Australia" (drawing on a contemporary cynicism: "Would the last businessman leaving Australia please turn out the lights?").[1] [2]
The Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory received an entitlement to elect two senators each as a consequence of the Senate (Representation of Territories) Act 1973, passed during the 1974 Joint Sitting of the Australian Parliament.