| Nazi Party/Foreign Organization | |
| Native Name: | Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei/Auslands-Organisation |
| Native Name Lang: | de |
| Leader Title: | Leader |
| Leader Name: | Hans Nieland (until 1933) Ernst Wilhelm Bohle (from 1933) |
| Parent Organization: | Nazi Party |
| Abbreviation: | NSDAP/AO |
The Nazi Party/Foreign Organization was a branch of the Nazi Party and the 43rd and only non-territorial German: [[Administrative divisions of Nazi Germany|Gau]] ("region") of the Party. In German, the organization is referred to as NSDAP/AO, "AO" being the abbreviation of the German compound word German: Auslands-Organisation ("Foreign Organization"). Although German: Auslands-Organisation would be correctly written as one word, the Nazis chose an obsolete spelling with a hyphen.
Nazi Party members who lived outside the German Reich were pooled in this special Party department. On May 1, 1931, the "AO" was founded on the initiative of Reich Organization Leader (German: Reichsorganisationsleiter) German: [[Gregor Strasser]]|italic=no, and its management was assigned to German: [[Hans Nieland]]|italic=no, who resigned from office on May 8, 1933, because he had become head of the Hamburg police authority; he was replaced by Ernst Wilhelm Bohle. Only actual citizens of the German Reich with a German passport could become members of the AO. Persons of German descent, ethnic Germans (German: [[Volksdeutsche]]|links=no), who possessed the nationality of the country in which they lived, were refused entry to the Nazi Party.
See also: German diaspora.
In 1928, party members from Paraguay and Brazil united for the first time. Similar groups were established in Switzerland and the United States in 1930. These associations were officially recognized by the Nazi Party only after the establishment of the German: Auslands-Organisation. Local Group Buenos Aires was accepted on August 7, 1931, followed by National Committee Paraguay (August 20, 1931) and Local Group Rio de Janeiro (October 5, 1931). From 1932 until its prohibition in 1934, a national committee existed in the Union of South Africa that was highly popular (see German Namibians), and maintained numerous offices in the former German South-West Africa (present-day Namibia). Nazi Party Local Groups (German: Ortsgruppen) included at least 25 "party comrades" (German: Parteigenossen|links=no), while the so-called German: Stützpunkte (English: bases, literally English: support points) had five members or more. Additionally, large Local Groups could be divided into "Blocs" (German: Blöcke|links=no).
The NSDAP/AO's main responsibilities were ideological training and ensuring that all party members aligned with the interests of the German nation. It aimed to unite all Party members (and members of Nazi Party-affiliated organizations) living abroad in a loosely connected group and to educate them in the philosophy, ideology, and political programs of the Nazi Party for Germany's betterment. The AO was not a Fifth Column organization and adhered to ten fundamental principles, which included:
These principles aimed to foster a positive attitude towards Germans and Germany in general, and to convince as many foreigners as possible that the Nazi Party was the right choice for Germany, and as a result, the rest of the world.
The local NSDAP/AO delegation in Costa Rica existed in the 1930s to 1940s, numbered 66 members, and lobbied for Germany during World War II. Its leaders were the engineer Max Effinger, Herbert Knöhr and Karl Bayer. They met at the German Club, which was located on Calle 21, Avenida 1, San José.[1] [2] [3] [4]
Records of the time, show that there was communication between Berlin and the German community and that there was a deliberate effort by the Third Reich to promote Nazism among the German diaspora in Costa Rica, and in the rest of Latin America. Support of German-Costa Ricans to Nazism was not uniform, apparently the older generations took it with skepticism and many others were open opponents. But it had its support especially among young or German-born Germans. A branch of the Hitler Youth was created led by the director of the German School Hannes Ihring, but had problems being implemented due to the constant questioning of its participants.[4]
One of the leaders, Max Effinger, was appointed immigration advisor in the government of León Cortés Castro (1936–1940), thus preventing the entry of many Polish Jews fleeing Germany.[5]
By the early 1940s, the NSDAP/AO had perhaps around 50 active members in the Dominican Republic, a relatively large number considering that the German-born population in the country stood at around 150 with an additional 300 persons of German descent. The Party had organized groups in five Dominican cities: Spanish; Castilian: [[Santo Domingo]]|italic=no, Spanish; Castilian: [[Puerto Plata (city)|Puerto Plata]]|italic=no, Spanish; Castilian: [[Monte Cristi (Dominican Republic)|Montecristi]]|italic=no, Cibao Valley and Spanish; Castilian: [[San Pedro de Macorís]]|italic=no.[6]
Auslands-Organisation der NSDAP Landeskreis Finnland was the Finnish local group of the German Nazi party. The Finnish party organization began its activities in 1932, when local German citizens founded the local organization of the Nazi party (Ortsgruppe) in Helsinki. It received support from the party's expatriate organization, the German embassy, the teachers 'and students' union of the German school in Helsinki, and the school's support association. In the mid-1930s, the NSDAP's Finnish country district (Landeskreis) was established, under which, in addition to the Helsinki local group, at least Ortsgruppe Turku and Stützpunkt Tampere operated. As the leader of the Finnish district (Kreisleiter) initially operated businessman Herbert Howaldt until about 1937, when businessman Wilhelm Jahre became the leader. Jahre also served on the boards of the Finnish-German Society, the German Chamber of Commerce and the German School. The party organization had its own internal court that mediated disputes between members. The premises of the party organizations were located at Unioninkatu 7, but meetings, club events and other events were held at the premises of the German colony in the White Hall at Aleksanterinkatu 16–18 or at a German school (Malminkatu 14). The premises of the party organization were moved to Vuorimiehenkatu 7 A in 1943 and to Bulevardi 30 B 6 in June 1944. The National Socialist People's Welfare service organization also had an office at Tehtaankatu 11 B. According to researcher Henrik Ekberg, the Finnish National Socialist parties had occasional contacts with the NSDAP's Finnish local group.[7] Hermann Souchon, known for executing Rosa Luxemburg, worked as Landesgruppenleiter (regional leader) in the Finnish chapter of the NSDAP/AO.[8]
Ireland/Éire (known as the Irish Free State until 1937) was neutral during the war (Northern Ireland was and is part of the United Kingdom), and several Germans and Austrians in the country were active in NSDAP/AO.[9] Adolf Mahr, director of the National Museum of Ireland, was also Ortsgruppenleiter of the local Nazi party until 1939; he was succeeded by Heinz Mecking, who was head of the Turf Development Board.[10] [11] The military musician and composer Fritz Brase was also a member.[12]
The AO's duties included monitoring Germans in Ireland, sending reports on Irish events to Berlin, and asserting the dominance of the Nazi Party over other agencies of the German government abroad, such as the Foreign Office (Auswärtiges Amt) which was not seen as sufficiently pro-Nazi. The Irish AO had its own branch of the Hitler Youth[13] and included officials of the Electricity Supply Board.[14] [15] Ireland's intelligence agency G2 monitored NSDAP/AO activity in the country.[16]
See main article: article and Samoan branch of the Nazi Party.
NSDAP/AO had a German: Landesgruppe Schweden. During the first years of World War II it was led by W. Stengel, but the leadership was later taken over by the German diplomat German: Heinz Gossmann|italic=no. There were several German: Ortsgruppen in different parts of Sweden, such as Gothenburg, Swedish: [[Borås]]|italic=no, etc.[17]
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