| Aurelio Mosquera | |
| Order: | 25th |
| Office: | President of Ecuador |
| Term Start: | 2 December 1938 |
| Term End: | 17 November 1939 |
| Predecessor: | Manuel María Borrero |
| Successor: | Carlos Alberto Arroyo |
| Birth Date: | 2 August 1883 |
| Birth Place: | Quito, Ecuador |
| Death Place: | Quito, Ecuador |
| Death Cause: | Heart attack |
| Spouse: | Judith Pérez Dávalos |
| Party: | Radical Liberal |
Don Aurelio Mosquera Narváez (2 August 1883 – 17 November 1939) was an Ecuadorian politician who served as President of Ecuador from December 1938 to November 1939.
Mosquera was born in Quito. He studied medicine in Quito, then traveled to Paris to continue his education. Upon his return, he achieved great success as a professor, dean, and rector of the Central University of Ecuador. He was elected head of the Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party. He was also vice president of the Chamber of Deputies and of the Senate. In 1938, after the dismissal of Manuel María Borrero, he was named President of Ecuador. During his short time as president, with the support of the army, he dissolved the National Assembly and reestablished the Constitution of 1906, known for its secularity. His term as president ended when he died on 17 November 1939 in Quito.
Mosquera was supported by socialists and liberals. He closed the Central University and the Juan Montalvo school. He created organizations to support artisans and small business owners.